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暢享聊：計算機，你了解多少？

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What do you know about computers？

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PC即個人計算機，毫不夸張地說，其是當今世界最重要的工具之一！它滲透于人類社會的方方面面。 時代在發展，社會在進步。我們都知道，自1946年世界上的第一臺電子數字計算機在美國誕生以來，各種計算機都已經發生了翻天覆地的變化。相信大家對計算機并不陌生，今天就讓小編要帶著大家更加全面地了解一下計算機。

The PC, the personal computer, is literally one of the most important tools in the world today! It permeates every aspect of human society. The Times are developing and society is making progress. As we all know, since 1946, when the world's first electronic digital computer was created in the United States, all kinds of computers have undergone tremendous changes. I believe you are not strange to the computer, today let Xiaobian to take you to a more comprehensive understanding of the computer.

算機的分類

Classification of computers

計算機并不僅僅是個人計算機。根據1989年IEEE（電氣電子工程師協會)科學巨型機委員會提出的運算速度分類法，我們將計算機分為巨型計算機（超級計算機），大型計算機，小型計算機和微型計算機四種。其實我們所熟悉的計算機包括臺式電腦和筆記本電腦都是微型計算機，除此之外微型機還包括單片機、單板機、服務器。值得一提的是目前我國自主研發的超級計算機“神威·太湖之光”在全球超級計算機排行榜中位列前十。巨型，大型計算機憑借著極強的計算速度，和I/O體系結構在PC橫行霸道的世界仍能占據重要的地位。近年來也出現了一些新型計算機如生物計算機，量子計算機，光子計算機等。

A computer is not just a personal computer. According to the computing speed classification propod by the IEEE Scientific Mainframe Committee in 1989, computers are classified into supercomputers (supercomputers), mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers. In fact, the computers we are familiar with, including desktop computers and laptops, are micro computers, in addition to the microcomputer also includes single-chip microcomputer, single-board computer, rver. It is worth mentioning that China's lf-developed supercomputer "Sunway Taihulight" ranks among the top ten supercomputers in the world. Giant computers, with their extreme computing speed and I/O architecture, still play an important role in a world dominated by PCS. In recent years, there are also some new computers such as biological computer, quantum computer, photon computer and so on.

計算機的軟件

Computer software

計算機的組成大致為軟件系統和硬件系統。軟件系統是為運行、管理、維護計算機而編制的各種程序、數據和文檔的總稱。而硬件系統主要是指構成計算機的物理設備。軟件分為三大類，系統軟件、支撐軟件和應用軟件。常見的系統軟件有Windows、Unix、Linux等；常見的支撐軟件有Web Sphere、Studio.NET等；而應用軟件是我們直接接觸最多的，像QQ、微信、抖音、MS office、酷狗音樂等都屬于應用軟件。

The composition of the computer is roughly software system and hardware system. Software system is a general term for all kinds of programs, data and documents prepared for running, managing and maintaining computers. The hardware system mainly refers to the physical equipment that constitutes the computer. Software is divided into three categories, system software, support software and application software. Common system software includes Windows, Unix, Linux, etc. Common supporting software include Web Sphere, Studio.NET, etc. And application software is what we have the most direct contact with, such as QQ, wechat, Douyin, MS office, Kugou music, etc., all belong to application software.

計算機的硬件

Hardware of a computer

計算機的硬件系統主要由運算器、控制器、存儲器、輸入設備和輸出設備五部分組成。而我們常說的CPU也就是中央處理單元主要就由運算器和控制器組成。我們在選購電腦時推銷員所說的i5，i7，R5，R7就是CPU。我在選購電腦時也是首先看CPU與GPU（圖形處理器，顯卡的“”心臟“”），它們的水平也是極大地影響著電腦的售價。

The hardware system of the computer is mainly compod of five parts: the computer, the controller, the memory, the input device and the output device. And what we often call the CPU, the central processing unit, is mainly compod of the computer and the controller. When we are shopping for a computer, the salesman refers to the i5, i7, R5, R7 as the CPU. When I buy a computer, the first thing I look for is the CPU and GPU (graphics processor, the "heart" of the graphics card). Their level also greatly affects the price of the computer.

計算機的應用與前景

The application and prospect of computer

計算機的應用領域是非常廣泛的。近幾年大火的物聯網、大數據、云計算、人工智能、區塊鏈等技術也是以計算機作為基礎的。計算機不僅在計算機通信領域，在智能制造，醫療衛生，證券金融，服務貿易等領域也有不可估量的發展空間，這里就不細說了。由此可見，計算機在人類發展中起著越來越重要的作用，前景無限。

The application field of computer is very wide. The Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other popular technologies in recent years are also bad on computers. Computer not only in the field of computer communication, in intelligent manufacturing, medical and health, curities and finance, trade in rvices and other fields also have inestimable space for development, here will not go into detail. It can be en that the computer is playing an increasingly important role in the development of human beings, and the prospect is infinite.

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參考來源：計算機科學概論（第三版）聶永萍 向碧群 百度 知乎

翻譯：Google翻譯

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