
..
英語劃分句子成分練習題及答案
(一)句子成分的定義:構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成
分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、
賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
(二)主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在there
be結構、疑問句(當主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、
助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名
詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmore
popular.(名詞)
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(數詞)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動名詞)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語
從句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主
語為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在
句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下:
..
1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如:Hepracticesrunning
everymorning.
2、復合謂語:(1)由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如:
aughtabadcold.(2)
由系動詞加表語構成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態,它一般位于系
動詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,em等)之后。表語一般
由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、
副詞及表語從句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)
Isityours?(代詞)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)
Thespeechixciting.(分詞)
Threetimesvenistwentyone?(數詞)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動名詞)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)
ssisover.(副詞)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)
(五)賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介
詞后面。例如:
Theywenttoeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
..
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數詞)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
Hepretendednottoeme.(不定式短語)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動名詞短語)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)
賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyour
dictionary,plea.(2)復合賓語(賓語+賓補),例如:Theyelectedhim
theirmonitor.
(六)賓語補足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,
還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一
般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、
形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)
Letthefreshairin.(副詞)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現在分詞)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)
(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由
以下等成分表示:
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Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprid.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動名詞)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)
(八)狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態
特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)
Heisproudtohavepasdthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.
(不定式短語)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)
Waitaminute.(名詞)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)
狀語種類如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時間狀語)
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauoftherain.(原因狀
語)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點狀語)
..
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結果狀語)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)
練習一
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:
dentsgotontheschoolbus.
edmethenewspaper.
answeryourquestionafterclass.
eautifulChinepainting!
nthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
istotrainswimmers.
manyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
sgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
leaveforShanghaitomorrow.
histobecomeascientist.
gedtofinishtheworkintime.
etoaskmeforadvice.
ditimportanttomasterEnglish.
..
aveanythingeltosay?
nest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
oupleatellmeyouraddress?
here,readinganewspaper.
rdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
cedamanentertheroom.
lestastedsweet.
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,owitisthesummer
vacationandI'isthehottest
etimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIwork
meswegoonworkingafterdarkbythe
riceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthe
alotofmachineson
ghthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworking
hertakescare
n'
result,veningwepump
runsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthe
garden.
..
三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(—)、狀語(=)、補語(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,
meatonanopenfireoutside.
It'sgreat!Americanatalotofmeat—
't,becauIhavetodrivehomeafterthe
letteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasofthe
ateweare
ydifferenttimeareasdo
youhaveinChina?Well,givemy
bestregardstoyourparents.
四、選擇填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
herenow
isherenow
()ther____.
wetandcold
()letasted____.
()p____yesterdaymorning.
..
()or______attheageof70.
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakea
rest.
,,,,we
()dthestreetmuch______.
dly
()_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
()____mad.
ked
()everforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
練習一:
一、1、主語,定語;2、間接賓語;3、謂語,狀語;4、定語;5、
狀語,狀語;6、定語,表語;7、賓語,狀語;8、謂語,主語;9、
謂語;10、主語,表語;11、謂語,賓語;12、狀語;13、形式賓語,
真正賓語;14、賓語、定語;15、插入語,狀語;16、賓語(間賓+直
賓);17、狀語,狀語;18、形式主語,表語,賓補;19、賓補;20、
表語
二、略
三、略
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四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB
練習二:
一、1、簡單句;2、復合句;3、簡單句;4、簡單句;5、并列句;6、
復合句;7、并列句;8、復合句;9、簡單句;10、簡單句
二、
Ihopeyouareverywell(復合句).I'mfine,buttired(簡單句).Right
nowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并列
句).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(簡單句).Itisthetimeofyearfor
thericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并列句)
Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(簡單
句).WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitis
coldertheygrowwheat(并列復合句).Wehavealotofmachinesonthe
farm(簡單句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomen
workingforhim(復合句).Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest(簡
單句).Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden(簡單句).Itdoesn't
oftenraininthesummerhere(簡單句).Asaresult,wehavetowaterthe
vegetablegarden(簡單句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell
(簡單句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden
(簡單句).
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(簡單句).
Thepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy(簡單句).Wecookmeatonan
openfireoutside(簡單句).It'sgreat(簡單句)!Americanatalotof
..
meat—toomuchinmyopinion(簡單句).Someofmyfriendsdrink
beer(簡單句).Idon't,becauIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(復
合句).Inyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasofthe
States(簡單句).TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates(簡單
句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(簡單句).
HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(簡單句)?Well,I
muststopandgetsomesleep(簡單句).Pleagivemybestregardsto
yourparents(簡單句).
三、1~5ACADD6~10BCBDC11~15ADBCC16~20ABADB
21~25DDDCD26~30ADDBD
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