六級閱讀理解

六級閱讀練習題精選

Directions:hof

themtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter

ontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmen

helooters,ChiefAudaabuTayioftheHoweitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraand

his?heasks,ismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,Hethinksthethings

ksyou'reakindofthief.

Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenous

otographyfirstbecame

available,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggerated

omeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethat

the1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssoughtpurepicturesofprimitivecultures,routinelydeleting

idmenandwomentore-enactritualsortopoasmembers

ofwarorhuntingparties,Curtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorthAmerican

Indians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantopoasawhalerwithaspearin1915--eventhoughtheMakahhadnothunted

whalesinageneration.

Thephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,primitive,andunchanging.

Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'

CatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin

1888haskeptatraditionofprentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,

dark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen'thatcouldunttleor

disturb,suchasareasoftheworldtornasunderbywarorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthothatreassure,toconformwith

thesociety'ult,LutzandCollinssay,isthedepictionof

anidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict.

dthemagazineasachild,anditslushimageryinfluencedhereventual

tthinksthataspeoplelookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealert

tothechoiceofcompositionandimages.

nideaofthepassageis______________.

[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWestern

values.[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.

[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintainhigh

sales.[D]Anthropologistsaskthenativestopofortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.

nferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften_________.

[A]tookpictureswiththenatives[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands

[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives[D]gavethenativesclocksandWesterndress

hormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato___________.

[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.

[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.

[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.

[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.

4.“Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstares

back.”Inthisntence,the“one[culture]thatstaresback”refersto_______.

[A]theindigenousculture[B]theWesternculture[C]theacademicculture[D]thenewsbusinessculture

ichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?

[A]ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenoussocieties.

[B]TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.

[C]Thewesternmediaarenotprentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.

[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.

答案及解析

1.答案是[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.

解析：本文的主題是，西方的媒體，為了迎合西方讀者獵奇的心理，同時，為了不與西方讀者的中產階級價值觀發生沖突，在他們拍攝的

照片中，并不是真正客觀公正地反映經濟發展水平較為落后的社會中人們的生活。他們經常有意刪除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚

至擺布照片中的主人公，以描繪出一個西方讀者想象中的，經濟不發達的，有異域風情的，沒有痛苦和階級斗爭的經濟落后社會的畫面。

他們甚至避免刊登那些反映饑荒，戰爭，災害的照片，以滿足西方媒體“只刊登外國社會美好一面的照片”的默契。

2.答案是[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands

解析：文章第二段說，Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthan

earlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.可見早期到原始社會旅行回來的人往往對當地的情況夸大其詞。在照相機發明之后，科學家能更好地客

觀反映那些遠方地區的真實情況。

3.答案是[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.

解析：文章的第一段介紹的是著名的1962年獲得7項奧斯卡大獎的電影《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》（導演：DAVIDLEAN）中的一個片段。該電

影本來與作者要講的題目并無直接關系。作者僅僅通過一個電影中描述的場景來說明一個論點。那就是比較原始，開化較晚的社會，那里

的人們對現代的文明，和從沒見過的現代文明的產物容易產生誤解。電影中的土著搶走了LAWRENCE的照相機，因為他懷疑，那從未見

過的玩意兒會偷走他的“美好品德（VIRTUE）”。但是，作者在下文說，那些土著居民的擔心并非全無道理。因為西方的記者和學者們，

為了描繪一個西方人心目中固有的土著社會（或者經濟發展欠發達社會）的形象，故意篡改照片，滿足西方讀者的好奇心，并且有意迎合

西方中產階級的趣味。在短文中，作者有時候并不開宗明義，直奔主題，而是利用人們都熟悉的文化元素，例如詩歌，書籍，電影，歌曲

等，引起讀者對其討論話題的興趣，然后再引入主題。并不是每一篇文章都會開門見山，讀者不應該把每篇文章的首尾句都當成對文章大

意的總結。

4.答案是[A]theindigenousculture

解析：Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.本句是文章

切入主題的重點句。考生應該格外注意在閱讀文章靠前部分出現的，以轉折詞（例如，HOWEVER，BUT，NEVERTHELESS，

NONETHELESS等）開頭的句子。那往往是作者敘述傳統論點，或者普遍看法的關鍵地方。本句可以理解為：但是，在某些方面，人類學

家拍攝的照片展現的與其說是那個盯視著照相機的（被拍攝的）文化，不如說是反映了拿著照相機的（西方）文化。作者暗示，照片反映

了西方攝影者的偏見和對落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的價值觀，并不是完全真實客觀的那些不發達社會的寫照。這句話基本上是

對文章中心意思的總結。如果對文章的主題有大致的認識，就不會將本題選錯。

5.答案是[C]Thewesternmediaarenotprentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.

解析：CatherineLutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READINGNATIONALGEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她們在書中寫道，《國家地理》雜

志自從1888年創刊以來，就一直刊登那些不和美國中產階級白人的價值觀發生沖突的照片。照片中可以表現袒露胸部的黑色皮膚的婦女，

但是白人婦女的胸部就是禁止刊登的對象。她們認為，這樣做的后果就是，在那些西方主流雜志中展現的，似乎是相對而言沒有痛苦的，

也不存在階級斗爭的社會。因此答案CThewesternmediaarenotprentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties(西方媒體并沒有展現落

后地區的真實畫面)最能表現該作者的觀點。

Notes生詞注釋：

snapv.按動快門lootv.掠奪，搶劫sabotagev./n.（從事）破壞活動indigenousadj.本土的exaggeratedadj.夸張的anthropologicaladj.人

類學的ethnographern.民族志學者，人種學者accoutrementn.穿著，配備enactv.（本文）扮演ritualn.典禮，（宗教）儀式，禮節

veracityn.真實性legendaryadj.傳說中的，傳奇般的reinforcev.增強stereotypen.陳腔濫調；老套taboon.禁忌，避諱

unttlev.令人不安depictionn.描述lushadj.青蔥的，味美的，繁榮的PassageTwo

TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongrespontowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbya

ghwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthis

phenomenon,itsprevention,oritffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonn

andconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbadontrustandoneonwhich

asonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoact

dishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.

refamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquired

mple,countries,cultures,andsubculturexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourare

recondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingis

rampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethical

trainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschooectionprocessofmedical

studentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour—ifonehadareliablemethodfor

lschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctors

unatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedical

schooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystopor

evenregress.

Thiticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersofthe

lschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsof

elopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththe

er,theschool'xaminationsystemandgeneral

y,thetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm,fair,transparent,and

consistent.

estheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?

[A]Extensiverearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.[B]Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.

[C]Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.

[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.

ingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecau____________.

[A]Themedicalprofessionisbadontrust.[B]Thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine.

[C]Themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment.[D]Cheatingexistxtensivelyinmedicalschools.

estheauthorsayaboutthecau(s)ofcheating?

[A]Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.[B]Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauofstudentcheating.

[C]Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren’scheatingbehaviour.

[D]CheatingexistsprimarilybecaustudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.

ingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?

[A]Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity.

[B]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.

[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.

[D]Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents.

horwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

[A]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.

[B]Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateatofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.

[C]Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandprervationofacultureofintegrity.

[D]Thostudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool.

答案及解析

6.答案是[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.

解析：文章第一段說，Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritffectivemanagement,

muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonnandconceptswithfacevalidity.可見，到目前為止，我們還不很了解醫學院

作弊現象的嚴重程度，也不甚明了如何對該類現象進行預防和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient（不充足的），那么[A][B][C]

所說的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯誤選項。只有[D]的敘述正確。

7.答案是[A]Themedicalprofessionisbadontrust.

解析：作者在第二段說，人們一致認為，醫學的基礎就是誠信。在醫學院就作弊的學生通常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人，同事，和政府

的事情。因此，醫學以誠信為本的性質就決定了，對醫學院的作弊行為應該堅決打擊。[B]項說的是打擊作弊行為的結果，而不是原因。

[C]醫學依靠政府，[D]醫學院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內容。

8.答案是[A]Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.

解析：[A]的內容符合文章的原意。作者在討論作弊現象的根源時，結論是，作弊現象存在，原因是多方面的。學生在上醫學院之前受到

的家庭，社會和文化的熏陶在很大程度上決定他們是否會在考試中作弊。也就是選項[A]的內容。[B][C][D]的說法雖然都有道理，但是都

過于絕對。學校的環境，家長的教育，電視的影響，雖然都起一定作用，但是都不能說是決定性的。Leading，always，primarily之類的用

詞決定了它們都不是最佳選項。

9.答案是[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.

解析：[A]“醫學院應該確立明確道德標準，淘汰道德素質低下的申請者”是錯誤選項。因為文章談到如何甄別申請醫學院學生的道德素

質的時候，作者用的是虛擬語氣have的過去式had（ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance）：如果能有可靠

的標準，能預先了解學生的道德水平，醫學院在錄取的時候應該照顧那些恪守道德準則的學生。可見目前并沒有這樣的標準可循。[B]

Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.和文章的內容相反。因為文章明確地說Medicalschools...cannotbeexpectedto

remedyalltheillsofasociety.[C]項錯，因為文章的本意是，醫學院的學生在學期間，道德素質不僅不會提高，而且可能下降（regress）。但

是作者并沒有說，醫學院在提高學生素質方面無計可施，而是敦促學校采取相應措施，imbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethical

nsitivity，（增強未來的醫師們的道德感）。

10.答案是[C]Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandprervationofacultureofintegrity.

解析：[C]項和文章最后一段的Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayan

activeroleinitscreationandnurturing相呼應。[A]錯，因為作者沒有建議醫學院應該降低考試難度。[B]的敘述不準確，因為作者的本意是

醫學界的要人應該樹立楷模，而不是讓他們設定一套人人遵循的行規。[D]錯，作者僅提議醫學院對有違反道德準則學生的處罰應該是堅

決，公正，透明和統一的。作者并沒有明確倡議一旦有作弊行為就將其開除出校。

Notes生詞注釋：

inappropriateadj.不合適的;不適宜的lenientadj.寬容的,寬恕的,仁慈的validityn.確實性,效力,合法性multifactorialadj.(不常用)多方

面的familialadj.家庭的normn.標準,規范,準則rampantadj.繁茂的,蔓延的,(本文)猖獗的imbuev.浸透,使充滿,感染

ethicaladj.道德的;倫理的remedyv.治療,修理,補救integrityn.正直,誠實,清廉,完整regressv.退回,倒退

pervasiveadj.到處彌漫的,到處滲透的nurturingadj.養育的,培養的infractionn.違反,違法的行為transparentadj.透明的

PassageThree

Abigfocusofthecritenarrativesofthe

genresmostpopularwiththechildrenIinterviewedwere

‘Platformers’and‘Beat-them-ups.’PlatformgamessuchasSonicandSuperMarioinvolveleapingfromplatformto

platform,avoidingobstacles,movingonthroughthelevels,andprogressingthroughthedifferentstagesofthegame.

Beat-tamesinvolvefightsbetween

waysthisviolencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren’scartoonswhereacharacteris

hitovertheheadorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.

Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospilloverintochildren’veryday

reworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolentandaggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothegames.

Playingcomputergamesinvolvesfeelingsofintenfrustrationandangerwhichoftenexpressitlfinaggressive‘yells’at

tonlythe‘Beat-them-up’gameswhichproducethisaggression;platformgamesarejustasfrustrating

whenthecharactersloalltheir‘lives’and‘die’ergamingreliesupon

intenconcentrationonteplayerlos

andthewords‘Gameover’appearonthescreen,thereisannoyanceandfrustrationatbeingbeatenbythecomputerandat

gerandaggressioncouldperhapsbecomparedtotheaggressionfeltwhenplayingfootballand

oyanceexperiencedwhendefeatedatacomputer

gameiswhatmakesgaming‘addictive’:theplayerisdeterminednottomakethesamemistakeagainandtohave‘onelast

go’inthehopeofdoingbetternexttime.

Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshasbeenaboutchildrenwhoareunabletotellthedifferencebetween

fictionandreablemwithvideogamesis

thattheyinvolvechildrenmorethantelevisionorfilmsandthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.

Playingthegamescanleadtoanti-socialbehavior,makechildrenaggressiveandaffecttheiremotionalstability.

thetopicofthisarticle?

[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren

[B]ThereisnodifferencebetweenPlatformgamesand‘Beat-Them-Ups’.

[C]Howtocontrolangerwhileplayingcomputergames[D]Howtomakechildrenspendlesstimeoncomputergames

fthefollowinggamesissuppodtocontainviolentcontent?

[A]Sonic[B]SuperMario[C]Platformer[D]Beat-Them-Up

esunscathed(Paragraph1,Lastline)probablymean?

[A]unttled[B]unbeaten[C]unharmed[D]unhappy

ingtothecondparagraph,howdoesviolencerelatetoplayingcomputergames?

[A]Whenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.

[B]Beat-Them-Upsaremorepopularwithchildrenthereforemorelikelytoproduceviolentbehavior.

[C]Peoplewhohavegoodhand-eye-coordinationtendtobemoreviolentthanothers.

[D]Theviolentcontentinthegamesgetschildrenaddictedtothegames.

ingtotheauthor,whydovideogamesleadtoviolencemorethanTVormovies?

[A]2005-8-165:10:56

[B]Becauchildrenliketoactoutthescenesinthegamesontheplayground.

[C]BecaucomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.

[D]Becaucomputergamescanproducemoreanti-socialbehavior.

答案及解析

11.答案是[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren

解析：文章的主題，可以從第一段中看出。作者開頭就說，Abigfocusofthecriticismofcomputergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegames

beingplayed（計算機游戲的內容遭到很多非議）。第二段開頭，作者又用這樣的話引出下文：Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauofthe

intensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospilloverintochildren’reworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolentand

aggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothegames.（計算機游戲引起爭議，有部分原因是因為，小孩打游戲總是過了頭，游戲已經滲透到他

們生活中去。人們擔心，孩子們因為打游戲時間過長，漸漸變的有暴力傾向。）第三段開頭，作者說，Someoftheconcernovertheviolence

ofcomputergameshasbeenaboutchildrenwhoareunabletotellthedifferencebetweenfictionandreality對計算機游戲的一些擔心，來自于孩子

無法辨別虛構世界和現實世界。可見，作者本文主要討論的問題，是計算機游戲中的暴力給孩子們帶來的影響。

12.答案是[D]Beat-Them-Up

解析：該細節可以在文章第一段找到。文章第一段介紹了主要的兩類電子游戲：Platformers和Beat-Them-Ups。前者包括Sonic和超級瑪

麗。后者是打游戲者作為游戲中的卡通人物的單人獨斗類游戲，后者一般被認為有暴力內容。關鍵語句為Beat-them-upsarethegameswhich

havecaudconcernovertheirviolentcontent.

13.答案是[C]unharmed

解析：可以根據上下文判斷：文章第一段結尾，unscathed出現的語句為，Inmanywaysthisviolencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren’

scartoonswhereacharacterishitovertheheadorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.（從很多方面來說，可以把電子游戲里的暴力和卡

通片里的暴力比較：卡通片中的人物被擊中腦袋，或者從懸崖上掉下去，也可以毫發無損地走開。）只有[C]正確。其他選項，[A]unttled：

紊亂的，無人居住的，東飄西蕩的，不安定的。[B]unbeaten：未搗碎的，未被擊敗的；未被超越的；[D]unhappy：不快樂的，不幸福的，

都是錯誤選項。

14.答案是[A]Whenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.

解析：文章第二段介紹為什么沉迷于電子游戲中會使孩子們產生暴力傾向。作者先將本段內容在開頭進行綜述，小孩打游戲總是過了頭，

游戲已經滲透到他們生活中去。人們擔心，孩子們因為打游戲時間過長，漸漸變的有暴力傾向。尤其是游戲即將失利的時候，玩家就會覺

得沮喪，為自己曾經的失誤氣惱，總想再來一次（have‘onelastgo’）。作者說，Platforms和Beat-Them-Ups同樣會使孩子們覺得失利后

的沮喪，因此[B]的說法，Beat-Them-Ups更受歡迎，因此更容易激發暴力行為，是錯誤的。[C]，手眼協調出色的人更容易有暴力傾向，

文章并沒有相關內容。[D]，游戲中的暴力使得孩子們沉迷于游戲中，文章也沒有這樣的說法。作者認為，容易使孩子們沉迷于其中的，

是他們自己玩游戲時候的失利，游戲結束時，看到GAMEOVER，他們對自己在打那一局時所犯錯誤的懊惱。

15.答案是[C]BecaucomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.

解析：問的是為什么電子游戲比電影和電視更容易激發孩子們的暴力行為。解題的關鍵語句是Theproblemwithvideogamesisthatthey

involvechildrenmorethantelevisionorfilmsandthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.電子游戲比電影或電視都更容易

讓孩子們有身臨其境的參與感，從而對他們的社會行為影響更大。容易錯選成[A]，孩子們分不清虛構和現實世界，這雖然是文章原句，

但這并不是作者想引出的游戲和影視的根本區別。[D]是打游戲的結果，并不是作者想探究的，為什么游戲比影視更容易讓孩子產生暴力

行為的原因。

注釋Notes

narrativen.（本文中作名詞）敘述，故事genren.類型，流派obstaclen.障礙物animatedadj.動畫的cliffn.懸崖unscathedadj.毫發無損

的controversyn.爭議spilloverinto深入到，滲透到prolongedadj.長時間的frustrationn.挫折coordinationn.協調，協調性

annoyancen.煩惱，煩擾，惱怒，惱火addictiveadj.讓人上癮的implicationn.含義，內涵stabilityn.穩定性，穩定

PassageFour

InBrazil,thedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms,orGMOs,istheworld's

condlaropeanandAsianretailerswant

toremainGMfree.

Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)inBrazilaregoingonamediaoffensivetopreventthelegalizationofgenetically

nmentalistsandconsumergroupsforyearshavebeenabletothwartgovernmentandcompanies'

odramasthatarebeingbroadcastinremoteregions,BrazilianNGOsaretellingsoy

farmerstheuofgeneticallymodifiededscouldendangertheirhealth,otsayingthat

geneticengineeringis,inprinciple,somethingbad;wesaythatweneedmoresciencetobesurethatitwillworkinan

appropriatewaywithnoharminthefuture,bothforhealthand

thinkisthatinBrazil,ifweapprovetheGMOs,wewill

ellingmoretotheinternationalmarket,mostlyforEuropeandAsia,

thanwehavedoneinourhistory,becauwearenotGMOcontaminated.

Anotheroppositiongroup,ActionAid,hasbeenorganizinggrass-rootssupportinBrazilianfarmingregionstorouconsumer

AidpublicpolicydirectorAdrianoCampolinasaysheisfightingforfarmerstoremain

esmall-scalefarmerorabigfarmerstartsusingthiskindofed,thisfarmerwillbecompletely

dependentonthetransnationals,whichcontrolintellectualpropertyrightsovertheeds,hesaid.

BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansaidthereshouldbechecksonwhatmultinationalscando,butthatdoesn'tmeanGM

etheofficialban,aysuptoonethird

ofBrazil'ssoycropisgeneticallymodified,'sgovernmenthas

hcompany,Monsanto,buttheprojectwasputonicefollowingasuccessful

courtchallengebyconsumers.

Theanti-GMOgroupsarehopingthepoliticians'preoccupationwiththeOctoberpresidentialelectionwillgivethemtimeto

gatherenoughsupporttodefeatanyfutureattemptstolegalizegeneticallyalteredcrops.

ingtothepassage,theissueindisputeinBrazilis___________.

[A]2004-5-2722:19:31

[B]Brazil’sstandingintheinternationalmarket[C]theOctoberpresidentialelection

[D]thelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms

ingtothepassage,Brazilistheworld’s_____________soybeanproducer.

[A]largest[B]condlargest[C]thirdlargest[D]fourthlargest

fthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutNGOsinBrazil?

[A]Theybelievegeneticallymodifiedcropswillharmthefarmers’health.

[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice.

[C]TheybelievescientificmethodsshouldbeintroducedtoensureGMbringsnoharm.

[D]TheybelieveGMOswillharmBrazileconomically.

fthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheorganizationcalledActionAid?

[A]Theyencouragethefarmerstoproducegeneticallymodifiedproducts.

[B]Theyencouragethefarmerstodependonthemlvesforeds.

[C]Theystronglysupportthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedproducts.

[D]Theyencouragethefarmerstoupgradetheirfarmstobiggerones.

estheBrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansayaboutgeneticallymodifiedproducts?

[A]Geneticallymodifiededsshouldbebanned.

[B]Brazilgovernmentshouldcrackdownonthesmugglingofgeneticallymodifiededs.

[C]Thefearovertheuofgeneticallymodifiededsisuncalledfor.

[D]Consumersshouldfilemorelawsuitstoprotecttheirrights.

答案及解析

41.答案是[D]thelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms

解析：本文介紹的是巴西的一些民間組織如何反對轉基因作物。他們從轉基因產品對環境的污染，對農戶身體的損害，以及對巴西經濟

的影響出發，反對政府將轉基因作物合法化。文章主要介紹的是Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)和ActionAid兩個組織。作者在文

章末尾也介紹了一些其他的立場。例如巴西科學家CrodowaldoPavan，他認為不能簡單地將轉基因作物一棍子打死。過分的擔憂是沒有必

要的。政府即使禁止轉基因作物，也有從阿根廷走私過來的種子，這使得巴西三分之一的作物實際上都是轉基因的。巴西政府本來投資準

備和美國的生化公司

Monsanto合作，但是因為消費者起訴并打贏了官司，該項目只能束之高閣。反對轉基因作物的組織還打算在10月的總統大選前對政客們

施加壓力，準備將反對轉基因作物的斗爭進行到底。42.答案是[B]condlargest

解析：相關內容在文章開頭:Brazilistheworld'scondlargestproducerofsoybeansbehindtheUnitedStatesandaheadofArgentina.巴西為世

界上第二大大豆生產國。僅次于美國，位居阿根廷之前。

43.答案是[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice.

解析：文章第二段介紹的是NGO的立場。作者引用NGO負責人Jean-MarcvonderWeid的話說，Wearenotsayingthatgeneticengineering

is,inprinciple,somethingbad;wesaythatweneedmoresciencetobesurethatitwillworkinanappropriatewaywithnoharminthefuture,said

bothforhealthandenvironmentalreasons.（我們并不是說轉基因工程不好；我們的立場

是，需要用科學方法來確保它不會在將來對環境造成危害。這主要是出于對環境和健康的考慮。）四個選項中只有[B]不符合NGO的立場。

44.答案是[B]Theyencouragethefarmerstodependonthemlvesforeds.

解析：文章第三段介紹的是另一個反對組織，ActionAid。它也同樣反對降轉基因作物合法化。它號召巴西的農戶不要依靠跨國公司作為種

子的來源，否則就會被牢牢地控制住，失去自主權。45.答案是[C]Thefearovertheuofgeneticallymodifiededsisuncalledfor.

解析：文章第四段有如下內容:BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansaidthereshouldbechecksonwhatmultinationalscando,butthatdoesn't

fearsovertheirusageareunfounded.巴西科學家CrodowaldoPavan認為應該對跨國公司實行一定的

監督,但是不能對轉基因作物全盤否定。他說，擔心轉基因作物的危害，是沒有根據的（unfounded）。這和[C]的敘述相符合。

注釋Notes

soybeann.大豆retailern.零售商人,傳播的人offensiven.攻擊legalizationn.合法化,公認thwartvt.反對,阻礙,橫過spectaculara.公開展示的,驚

人的contaminatevt.弄污,弄臟,染污,傳染,毒害grass-roots由鄉間民間來進行的;一般民眾的;a.一般民眾的,由鄉間民間來進行的

ntimentn.感情,感傷,情操,情趣,感想,意見;情緒transnational

unfoundeda.無理由的;無稽的smugglevt.偷運,走私,私運beputonice（美國俚語）被束之高閣preoccupationn.先取,先入成見,偏見,出神