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英語常用不規(guī)則動詞正版完整版
一、規(guī)則動詞的過去式由“動詞原形+-ed”構成,具體變化有:
1.直接在詞尾加-ed。如:want—wanted,work—worked,need—needed,clean—cleaned
2.以不發(fā)音的e結尾的在詞尾加-d。如:like—liked,live—lived,u—ud,move—moved
3.以一個元音字母加一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞,先雙寫結尾的輔音字母,再加-ed。如:
stop—stopped,trip—tripped
4.以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied,carry—carried,hurry—hurried,
marry—married
二、不規(guī)則動詞變化,大體上歸納有以下六條記憶法:
1.以t結尾的詞,過去式與原形相同。如:put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat
2.以d結尾的詞,把d變成t。如:build—built,lend—lent,nd—nt,spend—spent
3.以n結尾的詞,在詞后加t。如:mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt
4.以ow/aw結尾的詞,把ow/aw變成ew。如:blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew
5.含有雙寫字母的詞,將雙寫改為單寫,在詞尾加t。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt
6.含有元音字母o/i的詞,將o/i變成a。如:sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
betbetbetbetting賭
broadcastbroadcastbroadcast~廣播.播放.播送
burstburstburst~爆炸.突然發(fā)作
castcastcast拋
costcostcost~花費
cutcutcutcutting割,切
forecastforecast/forecastedforecast/forecasted預測,預報
hurthurthurt~受傷
hithithithitting打,撞
letletletletting讓
putputputputting放下
readreadread~讀
ridridridridding使擺脫.使去掉
sawsawedsawed/sawn~鋸
ttttting安排,安置
spreadspreadspread~展開,傳播,涂
spitspatspatspitting吐痰,
shutshutshutshutting關上.停止營業(yè)
splitsplitsplitsplitting
使分裂(成不同的派別),分開,
分擔,分攤
spreadspreadspread傳播,擴散,展開,散布
quitquit/quittedquit/quitted放棄
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動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
beatbeatbeaten~打敗
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
becomebecamebecomebecoming變
comecamecomecoming來
runranrunrunning跑
overcomeovercameovercomeovercoming克服.戰(zhàn)勝.征服
(1)在動詞原形后加一個輔音字母d,t或ed構成過去式或過去分詞。
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned~燃燒
baby-sitbaby-satbaby-sat臨時照顧
dealdealtdealt~解決.處理.分配
dreamreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt~做夢
hearheardheard~聽見.聽說
hanghanged/hunghanged/hung~絞死,懸掛
learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt~學習
lightlit/lightedlit/lighted~
點燃,照亮
lit多用作動詞,表示過去或完
成。例:d
多用于作定語。即以過去分詞表
被動或表狀態(tài)。例:alighted
candle
maymight/~可以
meanmeantmeant~意思.意味.用意
proveprovedproven/provedproving證明,證實,試驗
shaveshavedshavedshaving
剃(須發(fā)),(尤指)刮臉,(少
量地)削減
shine
shoneshoneshining使發(fā)光
shinedshined擦亮
showshowedshowed/shown~展示,給...看
smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smelt~聞,嗅
speedspedsped~加速
spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt~拼寫
sowsowedsown/sowed~
種植
wakewokewokenwaking醒來,叫醒,激發(fā)
will
willedwilledwilling
vt決心要;將(財產(chǎn)等)遺贈某人;用意志力驅(qū)使
vi愿意,希望,想要;
would/可以
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(2)把動詞原形的最后一個輔音字母“d”改為“t”構成過去式或過去分詞。
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
buildbuiltbuilt~建筑
bendbentbent~彎曲.屈服
lendlentlent~借給
rebuildrebuiltrebuilt~改建,重建
ndntnt~送
spendspentspent~花費
(3)原形→ought→ought
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
bringbroughtbrought~帶來
buyboughtbought~買
fightfoughtfought~打架.戰(zhàn)斗
thinkthoughtthought~思考,想
eksoughtsought~尋找.追求.搜索
(4)原形→aught→aught
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
catchcaughtcaught~捉,抓
teachtaughttaught~教.教授
(5)變其中一個元音字母
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
digdugdugdigging
挖掘.鉆研.搜集
feedfedfed~
喂養(yǎng).飼養(yǎng)
fleefledfled~
逃避.逃跑.消失
findfoundfound~
發(fā)現(xiàn),找到
getgotgot/gottengetting
得到
holdheldheld~
擁有.握住
leadledled~
引導,領導
meetmetmet~
遇見
sitsatsatsitting
坐
shootshotshot~
射擊
spitspatspatspitting
吐痰,
stickstuckstuck~
刺入,粘住
strikestruckstruck/strickenstriking
撞擊.沖擊.罷工
swingswungswung~
搖擺,縱身躍向,蕩向,懸吊到
winwonwonwinning
贏.獲勝
(6)原形→lt/pt/ft→lt/pt/ft
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
feelfeltfelt~感到
keepkeptkept~保持
leaveleftleftleaving離開
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sleepsleptslept~睡覺
sweepsweptswept~掃
weepweptwept~哭泣.流淚.哀悼
(7)其它
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
laylaidlaid~下蛋,放置
paypaidpaid~付款
saysaidsaid~說.講.表示
standstoodstood~站
understandunderstoodunderstood~明白
misunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstood~誤解,誤會
lolostlostlosing失去
Have/hashadhadhaving有.持有.從事
makemademademaking制造.安排.構成
llsoldsold~賣
telltoldtold~告訴
retellretoldretold~重復.復述
windwoundwound~纏繞.轉(zhuǎn)動.迂回
(1)原形→過去式→原形+(e)n
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
ariaroarinarising出現(xiàn)
awakeawokeawokenawaking喚醒,喚起,被喚起
blowblewblown~吹風.喘氣.叫
drivedrovedrivendriving駕駛
drawdrewdrawn~畫畫.繪制.拖拽
eatateeaten~吃
fallfellfallen~落下.跌倒
forbidforbadeforbiddenforbidding禁止.不許
foreeforesawforeen~預見,預知,預料
forgiveforgaveforgivenforgiving原諒,饒恕
givegavegivengiving給.提供.授予
growgrewgrown~生長.種植
knowknewknown~知道
mistakemistookmistakenmistaking弄錯;誤解,
overeatoverateovereaten~(使)吃過量
taketooktakentaking拿.獲得.接受
throwthrewthrown~拋.扔.擲
rirorinrising上升
rideroderiddenriding騎.乘車
esawen~看見.了解、領會
wwedwn/wed~縫制.縫合
showshowedshowed/shown~展示.出示.說明
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shakeshookshakenshaking搖動.震動
springsprangsprung
跳,躍,蹦,突然
猛烈地移動
writewrotewrittenwriting寫
rewriterewroterewrittenwriting重寫,改寫
(2)原形→過去式→過去式+(e)n
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
breakbrokebroken~打破.打碎
choochochonchoosing選擇
getgotgot/gottengetting得到
hidehidhiddenhiding隱藏
forgetforgotforgottenforgetting忘記.忽略
freezefrozefrozenfreezing冷凍.結冰
speakspokespoken~說話.談話.演講
stealstolestolen~偷竊.竊取.偷盜
(3)變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a”(過去式)和“u”(過去分詞)[i→a→u]
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
beginbeganbegunbeginning開始
drinkdrankdrunk~喝
singsangsung~唱
sinksanksunk~下沉,沉沒
swimswamswumswimming游泳
ringrangrung~戒指.環(huán)圍住
(4)其它
動詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義
be(am,is,are)was/werebeen~是
cancould/能
bearboreborne~負擔,忍受
divedived/dovediveddiving猛沖,(頭朝下)跳入水中
dodiddone~做
undoundidundone~解開,取消,打開,拆開
flyflewflown~飛行
gowentgone~去
lielaylainlying躺.位于(說謊)
mustmust//必須
shallshould//將,要,會,就
picnicpicnickedpicnickedpicnicking野餐
wearworeworn~穿
bitebitbittenbiting咬.刺痛
teartoretorn~流淚.撕破.猛沖
注:“~”表示在動詞原形后直接加ing
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