火星旅行

2019學年度外研版選修八Module5Section1IntroductionandReading閱讀學案設計

閱讀理解

A

Astronomers(天文學家)saytheyareonthepointoffindingplanetslikeEarthorbitingother

stars,whichisakeystepindeterminingifwearealoneintheuniver.

AtopNASAofficialandotherleadingscientistssaythatwithinfourorfiveyearstheyshould

discoverthefirstEarth-likeplanetwherelifecoulddevelop,tcloto

thesizeofEarthcouldevenbefoundsometimethisyear.

AttheannualAmericanAstronomicalSocietyconferencethisweek,eachdiscovery

involvingso-called“exoplanets”—thooutsideoursolarsystem—pointedtothesame

conclusion:QuietplanetslikeEarthwherelifecoulddevelopprobablyareplentiful.

NASA'snewKeplertelescopeandalotofnewrearchfromthesuddenlyhotand

istsaretalkingabout

beingat“anincrediblespecialplaceinhistory”andclortoansweringaquestionthathasdogged

humanitysincethebeginningofcivilization.“Arewealone?Forthefirsttime,there'san

optimismthatsometimeinourlifetimeswe'regoingtoget_to_the_bottom_ofthat，”saidSimon

Worden,anastronomerwhoheadsNASA'sAmesRearchCenter.“IfIwereabettingman,

whichIam,Iwouldbetwe'renotalone.”

“Thearebigquestionsthatreflectuponthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniver，”

thedirectoroftheVaticanObrvatory,nes,saidonWednesdayinaninterviewat

thisweek'sconference.

WordentoldTheAssociatedPress:“Iwouldcertainlyexpectinthenextfourorfiveyears

we'dhaveanEarthsizedplanetinthehabitable(可居住的)zone.”

efirsttwoparagraphswecanlearn________.

omershasfoundplanetslikeEarthorbitingotherstars

gotherstarsisakeystepindeterminingifwearealone

'spossiblethataplanetlikeEarthwillbefoundthisyear

istssaythatlifehavedevelopedonthefirstEarth-likeplanet

ingtothepassageanexoplanetisaplanet________.

rth

eoursolarsystem

ngthesun

ifehavedeveloped

erlinedwords“gettothebottomof”inParagraph4probablymean“________”.

lluof

rearchon

epassagewecanlearn________.

h-likeplanethasbeenfound

'sbeenprovedwearenotaloneintheuniver

neshasfoundthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniver

coveryofanEarth-likeplanetcouldhappeninthenearfuture

B

ElonMusksaysSpaceXisdevelopingaplanfortripstoMars(火星)thatwilleventually

costjust$500,undedSpaceX10yearsagoandspacetravelhasalwaysbeen

ailswereprovidedabouttheMartianvoyage,butMusk

didsaywecanexpecttohearmoreabouttheplaninlessthanayear.

ThepriceforatriptoMarsalsohighlights(突出)Musk'smaineffortbehindSpaceX,to

terviewwiththeBBC,Musk

admittedthatthefirstatswon'tbellingfor$500,takeawhiletogetdowntothat

ksaysthehalf-milliondollarticketcouldhappenadecadeaftertripsbegin.“Land

onMars,aroundtripticket—edone，”hetoldtheBBC.

Muskdidsaythatoneofthekeystolow-costtripstotheredplanetwouldbetheabilityto

notonlyfuelthere,BCinterview

Musksaidbyreusingthespaceship,

comparedittoflyingtodaywherea747isn'

theairplane,thecostofthespaceshipcouldbespreadoutovermanyflightsratherthanjusta

$500,000priceisaroundonepercentofthecostNASAisnowpayingtonda

persontothespacestationonaRussianrocket.

ThetalkofMartiantravelcamewithSpaceX'smostrecentdevelopmentnewsofitsDragon

aliforniacompanypreparestondaDragontotheInternationalSpaceStation

nextmonth,ntgaveNASAastronautsa

chancetotestoutthe7-atcapsulethatisbeingdevelopedtocarryhumanpasngersaswellas

goods.

ingtothepassage,ElonMusk________.

toMarsatthecostof$500,000

eaderoftheSpaceXcompany

ericanastronautfromNASA

ndpeopletoMarsinlessthanayear

kesthetriptoMarsatsuchalowcostpossible?

enoughfuel.

gthespaceship.

heairplaneagain.

ngthespacestation.

epassagewecaninfer________.

goncapsulehastakenthefirstpasngerstoMars

ys$5,000,000forRussiatotakeoneastronautintospace

goncapsuleisaspaceshipmadebyNASAastronauts

willuaDragoncapsuleforpasngerstomakeatriptoMars

nideaofthepassageis________.

kettoMarswillcostjust$500,000

isworkingtogetherwithNASA

goncapsuleisacheapspaceship

veltoMarsisbecomingpopular

C

240BC:Greekastronomer,geographer,mathematicianandlibrarianEratosthenesworked

outtheEarth'scircumference(thedistancearoundit).Hisdatawasrough,buthewasn'tfaroff.

oplethencalledhimPentathalos,achampion

hknowledgemadehimanaturalforthepostoflibrarianofthelibraryof

Alexandria,Egypt,thegreatestrepositoryofclassicalknowledge.

Eratosthenesknewthatatnoononthedayofthesummersolstice,thesunwasobrvedtobe

directlyoverheadatSyene(modern-dayAswan):Youcouldeitfromthebottomofadeepwell,

andasundial(日晷),tothenorthatAlexandria,asundialleftashadoweven

atthesolsticemidday,ore,theEarthmust

beround—alreadyfirmlybelievedbytheastronomersofhisday.

What'smore,ifonesuppodthesuntobefarawayenoughtobendingparallel(平行的)

raysatSyeneandAlexandria,itwouldbepossibletofigureouttheEarth'

cour,on'tknowtodaytheexactsizeofthe

measurementunitEratostheneswasusingwhenhecameupwiththefinalfigureof252,000stades.

Sohowbigis252,000stades?It'ssomewherebetween24,663and27,epted

figureforcircumferencetodayis24,goodforaguywithoutmodern

measurementtools.

Eratostheneswentfurtherandworkedouttheextensionoftheyearas3651/

4

suggestedthatcalendarsshouldhavealeapdayeveryfourthyear,anideatakenuptwocenturies

laterbyJuliusCaesar.

It

sonisthat

Eratosthenes'ownlibraryofAlexandriahadbeendestroyed,andtherewasnocompletebackupof

itsdata.

somepeoplecallhimPentathalos?

ehewasanastronomerandmathematician.

eheworkedouttheEarth'scircumference.

ehewasanexpertinmanyskills.

ehehadrichknowledgeasalibrarian.

ouldthesunbeenfromthebottomofadeepwellatnoon?

e.

andria.

orthofAswan.

orthofAlexandria.

efourthparagraphwecanlearn________.

surementsoftheEarth'scircumferencewereveryexact

arethemeasurementunitthatEratostheneswasusing

urefortheEarth'scircumferencewas24,902miles

somemodernmeasurementtoolstodrawaconclusion

fthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

theneswasthemostfamousGreekastronomerinEgypt.

thenesandJuliusCaesarlivedatthesameage.

usknewtheEarthwasroundlongbeforeEratosthenes.

'sapitythatEratosthenes'conclusionwasnotwidelyknownthen.

答案：

語篇解讀：天文學家說，他們即將在其他恒星周圍找到類似地球的行星，在那里生命可

以形成，或者可能已經形成。到那時候就可以回答人類在宇宙中是否孤單這一問題了。

1.解析：選C細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句話可知，一顆類似地球的行星可能

在今年的某個時候被發現。故答案為C。

2.解析：選B細節理解題。根據第三段“‘exoplanets’—thooutsideoursolar

system”可得出答案。

3.解析：選A詞義猜測題。gettothebottomof“弄清真相，徹底弄明白”。句意：

我們第一次有了樂觀的看法，在我們的有生之年，我們將能弄清這個問題的真相。

4.解析：選D推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，天文學家們認為在不久的將來，他們將

在其他恒星周圍找到類似地球的行星，證明人類在宇宙中并不孤單。

語篇解讀：“SpaceX”公司宣稱，火星旅行開始后的十年內，一張往返票僅需50萬美

元。火星游客所乘坐的“龍”式太空艙現在正在研發和試驗中。

5.解析：選B細節理解題。根據第一段可知，馬斯克于十年前成立了“SpaceX”公司。

故答案為B。

6.解析：選B細節理解題。根據第三段可知，通過反復使用飛船，它們就能像飛機

一樣，宇宙飛船的成本不是由單次飛行承擔，而可以通過多次飛行被平攤。故答案為B。

7.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知，“SpaceX”公司與NASA(美國國家航

空航天局)合作完成了首次機組試驗，這一事件為NASA宇航員提供了試驗七座式太空艙的

機會，這種七座式飛船仍處于研發中，以實現運送旅客和貨物的目的。故答案為D。

8.解析：選A主旨大意題。本文第一段第一句就點明了文章的主旨：馬斯克稱“Space

X”公司正在開發火星旅行計劃，每個座位最終會僅售50萬美元。后面內容是對這一主旨的

詳細說明。故答案為A。

語篇解讀：公元前240年，希臘天文學家、地理學家、數學家以及圖書管理員埃拉托色

尼測出了地球的周長。雖然他的數據只是近似，但也沒差多少。但他的成就并不為大多數人

所知。其中一個原因是他所工作的圖書館被摧毀，而他的計算數據也沒有備份。

9.解析：選C細節理解題。根據第二段可知，埃拉托色尼是個全面發展的人，當時

一些人稱他為“Pentathalos”，意思是“在很多技能上都是第一的人”。解答此題的關鍵是對

Pentathalos后的同位語“achampionofmanyskills”的正確理解。故答案為C。

10.解析：選A細節理解題。根據第三段可知，他知道在夏至的中午，西奈城(現在

的阿斯旺)的太陽處在正上方：也就是說你可以從一口深井的底部看到太陽，日晷也不會有

影子。故答案為A。

11.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據第四段可知，我們現在也不知道他當時用的是什么

計量單位，只知道他最后得出的數字是“252,000stades”。由此可判斷出“stades”是他當時使

用的計量單位。共他選項與第四段內容不相符。故答案為B。

12.解析：選D判斷正誤題。根據最后一段可知，埃拉托色尼早在哥倫布之前就知道

了地球是圓的。但在15世紀的歐洲，他的成就并不為大多數人所知。其中一個原因是他所

工作的圖書館被摧毀，而他的計算數據也沒有備份。由此可判斷出答案為D。