
。
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狀語從句用法詳解
內容提要:
一、時間狀語從句
二、地點狀語從句
三、方式狀語從句
四、程度狀語從句
五、原因狀語從句
六、結果狀語從句
七、目的狀語從句
八、條件狀語從句
九、讓步狀語從句
十、比較狀語從句
一、時間狀語從句:
1、時間狀語從句通常用下列從屬連詞來引導:after,before,as,
once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now
(that),aslongas,assoonas。如:
Now(that)you’vegrownup,youmuststopthischildish
behaviour.
Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.
。
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Comeandeuswheneveryouhavetime.
Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloit.
2、有些詞,如immediately,directly,instantly等,當用于as
soonas意義時,也可以引導時間狀語從句,如:
IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.
Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.
Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.
I’lltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.
Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?
3.某些表示時間的名詞詞組,如the(very)moment(=assoon
as),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),
theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,next
time,thefirsttime等,也可以引導時間狀語從句,如:
I’lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.
IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.
Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.
EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.
I’mgoingtoehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.
。
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HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.
HehadimpresdmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.
IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.
I’lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.
4.有些關聯從屬連詞,如nosooner…than/hardly…when/
scarcely…when/barely…when等,也能引導時間狀語從句。
△如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首,它
所連帶的這部分就要倒裝,如:
Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.
=Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.
Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.
=Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.
Hehadscarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.
=Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.
。
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二、地點狀語從句:
1、地點狀語從句常用where,wherever來引導,如:
Wewillstaywhereyoustay.(where=intheplaceinwhich;
where既連接主句與從句,又在從句中作副詞修飾謂語stay。)
IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem.
Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimlfathome.
Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim.
Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhich)theylike(togo).
2、有時,-where構成的復合詞也可以引導地點狀語從句,如:
Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmly
welcomed.
We’llgoanywherethePartydirectsus.
。
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三、方式狀語從句:
1、方式狀語從句通常由as,asif,asthough來引導,如:
YoumustdotheexercisasIshowyou.
Pleadoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.
Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.
Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.
Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.
Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.
2、在非正式文體或口語中,也可用theway(that)(=as=inthe
wayinwhich),how,like等來引導,如:
Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.
SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.
Youcandothejobhowyoulike.
Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatches
amou.
Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?
。
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like作連詞的用法補充說明:
1).Conjunction(informal)(非正式):inthesamewaythat;as
同…一樣,如
Peoplewhochangecountriesliketheychangeclothes.
換國籍像換衣服一樣的人。
2).asthough;asif好像,如同
IfeltlikeI'dbeenkickedbyacamel.我覺得好像被駱駝踢了
似的。
四、程度狀語從句:
程度狀語從句可用tosuchanextentthat…/tosuchadegree
that…,tothedegree/extentthat,insofaras(“在…
的范圍內”)等來引導,如:
Thetemperaturerotosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadto
leavetheburningbuilding.
Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethatthewaterfroze.
試比較:
Thetemperaturerosohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavethe
。
精選資料,歡迎下載
burningbuilding.
Thetemperatureloweredsomuchthatthewaterfroze.
從以上例句可以看出,程度狀語從句往往也表示達到某種程度時所引
出的結果,所以程度狀語從句和結果狀語從句在意義上有相通之處。
Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethatthey
aretoday.那時政治家們并不像今天這樣為人所知曉。
I'llhelpyouinsofarasIcan.我會盡我所能幫助你。
五、原因狀語從句:
1、引導原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是becau,since,和as,所
引導的從句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。其中becau語
勢最強,since次之,as又次之。
△becau通常表示說話人認為這種理由或原因是聽話人所不知道
的,全句強調的重點在原因上,不在主句表示的結果上?;卮饂hy
提出的問題時,只能用becau;在強調句型中也只能用becau從
句,不能用since,as等,如:
BecauIcan’teverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.
。
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Itwasbecauhewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.
Itwasbecauhewasillthathedidn’tcome.
△since和as引導的句子,重點在主句的內容,其原因或理由在說
話人看來已很明顯,或已為聽話人所熟悉,since和as只是一種附
帶的說明原因,不是對原因進行強調,如:
Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.
Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeone
el.
As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.
Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.
Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.
△for是并列連詞,它引導的句子只能后置。表示因果關系時,可
以和becau換用;但當它用于對主句的內容加以解釋或推斷時,
不能用becau代替,如:
Hecouldn’thaveenme,becau/forIwasnothere.
Thegroundiswet,for/becauitrainedlastnight.
Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.
△becau之前可以加上simply,only,just等強調詞,如:
。
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Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausomepeoplespeakillof
you.
2、復合連詞也可以引導原因狀語從句,這些連詞有:now(that),
eing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,by
reasonthat,forfearthat,that等,如:
Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.
Now(that)heisabnt,you’llhavetodotheworkbyyourlf.
Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let’sstart.
Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.
Shedidn’tgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost.
Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that)hehasnoexperience.
Ihaven’tfinishedwritingthereportyet,notthat(=not
becau)Idislikethework,butthat(=butbecau)Ihave
nottime.
Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquite
agoodjob.
3、在“主語+be+形容詞+that”句型中,主語通常是人,形容
詞通常為:glad,happy,plead,sorry等表示感情的形容詞,
這時that可以看作原因狀語從句,如:
。
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Wearegladthat(=becau)wehavereapedanotherbumper
harvest.
I’mglad(that)youareallright.
Wearesurethatourteamwillwin.
I’mpleadthatyouhavedecidedtocome.
六、結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句往往放在主句之后,通常主句是因,從句是果,這和原
因狀語從句剛好相反,例如:
Hewasill,sothathedidn’tcome.
Hedidn’tcomebecauhewasill.
1、結果狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導:so…that,such(a)…that,
suchthat,sothat,that等,例如:
Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.
ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginners
canunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.
Itwassuchabadaccidentthatveralpeoplegotinjured.
Hisdiligencewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.
。
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Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothathedidn’tfinishthework
intime.
Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.
WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?
2、應注意的幾個問題:
①在非正式文體中,由so…that,such(a)…that引導的結果狀
語從句,往往可以省略連詞that,這時,從句之前往往用逗號與主
句隔開,在口語中則用停頓表示省略。
Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystand.
Peterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybody.
Youwalksofast(that)Ican’tkeeppacewithyou.
Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.
Hewassorude(that)sherefudtospeaktohim.
②當so修飾動詞時,后面應稍停頓,如:
HisheartbeatsoΔthathecouldhardlybreathe.
SheworriedsoΔthatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.
③當so位于句首時,主句的語序應倒裝,如:
Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.
SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyeit.
。
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七、目的狀語從句
1、目的狀語從句通常使用的連詞有:sothat,inorderthat,that,
so。否定的句式常用lest,inca,forfearthat來引導。
△目的狀語從句中一般要有can,may,could,might,will,would,
should等情態動詞,如:
Bringitclor(so)thatImayeitbetter.
IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.
Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan/may
understandwell.
We’llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.(非正式或
口語)
。
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Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)
gowrongontheway.
PlearemindmeofitagaintomorrowincaIforget.
Takeanumbrellawithyou,inca(=forfearthat)itrains
/itmayrain/itshouldrain.
Heleftearlyincaheshouldmissthetrain.
2、sothat/so既可以引導目的狀語從句,又可以引導結果狀語從
句,其區別可以根據上下文的意義來判斷,也可以從其結構上來判斷。
①凡在講話時,sothat/so從句之前有停頓,在文字中sothat/
so從句之前有逗號,則為結果狀語從句,否則為目的狀語從句,如:
Weallarrivedateight,so(that)themeetingbeganpromptly.
(結果狀語從句)
We’llcomeateightso(that)themeetingcanbeginearly.(目
的狀語從句)
②有時,由sothat或so引導的結果狀語從句之前并沒有逗號,
這時,就要看從句中有沒有can,may,could,might,will,would,
should等情態動詞,如果有,多半是目的狀語從句,如果沒有,多
半是結果狀語從句,如:
。
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IamgoingtothelectureearlysothatI’llgetagoodat.
(目的狀語從句)
IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodat.(結果
狀語從句)
③目的狀語從句可以移至句首,而結果狀語從句不能前移,如:
Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethrougha
microphone.(目的狀語從句)
Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardinevery
room.(結果狀語從句)
八、條件狀語從句
1、條件狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導:if,unless,supposing(that)
(僅在問句中使用),suppo(that),inca,so/aslongas,
sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)等,例如:
Incahecomes,letmeknow.
Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromitobebackbefore
eleven.
Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)
Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)
Unlessyoutellhimyourlf,he’lllofaithinyou
completely.
。
精選資料,歡迎下載
We’llletyouutheroomonconditionthat/providedthat
youkeepitcleanandtidy.
2、有時可以把祈使句作為條件從句,祈使句后面要搭配and,如:
Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.
(=Ifyoucometomorrow,Iwilltellyou.)
Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.
(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’lltakeamile.)
注:當表示否定的條件時,可用連詞or或otherwi,如:
Hurryup,or(el)you’llbelate.
Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.
Startatonce,or/otherwiyou’llmissthetrain.
(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)
(=Unlessyoustartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)
3、ifonly是if的強調式,通常表示說話人強烈的愿望,“但愿,真
希望”,如:
Ifonlyitclearsup,we’llgo.
Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus,wecouldhavewarnedyou.
如果有人告訴了我們,我們就會讓你提防的。
。
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注:ifonly引導的狀語從句有時可以不依附于主句而獨立存在,表
示說話人的希望、愿望或遺憾等心情,如:
Ifonlyhecomesintime.(=Ihopehewillcomeintime.)
Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast.(=Iwishhedidn’tdriveso
fast.)
IfonlyIhadn’tbeenlateforwork.
(=IwishIhadn’tbeenlateforwork.)
4、在真實條件句中,從句動詞通常用一般現在時表示將來時間,主
句通常帶有情態動詞,如:
Ifyoumove,I’llshootyou.
IfIpressthisbutton,whatwillhappen?
Ifyoucome,youcaneit.
Ifyoufinishearly,youmaygo.
注①當從句表示將來已經完成或正在進行的動作時,動詞用現在完
成時或現在進行時,如:
IwillreturnthebookonMondayifIhavereadit.
Thepolicewon’ttakeyourcarawayifyouaresittinginit.
注②如果從句表示現在的意圖、意愿、決心等,則可以用will/
。
精選資料,歡迎下載
shall,如:
Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’llletyouhaveit.
Ifyouwillhelpme,wecanfinishbysix.
Ifyouwillgiveupsmoking/drinking,yourhealthwill
improve.
5、有一種條件句,其從句動詞不管主語的人稱和數如何,一律用
“should+不定式”,主句動詞可根據意義需要采取不同形式,如:
Ifheshouldhearofyourmarriage,hewouldbesurprid.
Ifyoushouldhearthenews,plealetusknow.
Ifyoushouldbeinterested,I’lltellyouthewholestory.
Ifitshouldrain,wehadbetterstayindoors.
Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtellhimeverything.
注:在正式文體中,可用shouldI(we,youetc)代替IfI(we,
youetc.)should…,如:
ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome.
ShouldyoueMike,willyouaskhimtoringmeup?
Shouldyouemymother,tellherIamquitewell.
6、非真實條件句:
①當從句表示與現在事實相反的條件時,從句動詞用一般過去時或
were型虛擬式,主句動詞用would/should/could/might+不
。
精選資料,歡迎下載
定式,如:
IfIwereyou,Ishouldconsultadoctor.
IfIlivedinthetwenty-firstcentury,mylifemightbe
differentinanumberofways.
②當從句表示與過去事實相反的條件時,從句動詞用過去完成時,
主句動詞用would/should/could/might+不定式完成式,如:
Ifhehadtriedhardlastterm,hewouldhavesucceeded.
Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavedied.
③當從句表示將來不大可能實現的條件時,從句動詞用一般過去時
或were/wasto+不定式,主句動詞用would/should/could/
might+不定式,如:
Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow?
Hewouldn’tdoitunlessyouweretoorderhimto.
④在正式文體中可用“were+主語”等倒裝結構代替“if+主語+
were”等結構;“had+主語+ed分詞”代替“if+主語+had+ed
分詞”結構,如:
WereIinyourplace,Iwouldbeveryworried.
WereJohntogototheuniversity,hewouldhavetoworkhard.
Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavebeen
sunk.
。
精選資料,歡迎下載
Haditnotbeenfortheexpen,IshouldhavegonetoItaly.
7、unless與if…not的用法比較:
Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.
Unlessyoustartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.
unless在意義上相當于if…not,在有些場合兩者可以交替使
用,但在有些場合又不可以互換,以下是不可互換的情況:
①當if…not引導非真實條件狀語從句時,一般不可以改用unless,
例如:
Ifsheweren’tsosilly,shewouldunderstand.(事實上她很傻,
改成Unlesssheweresosilly…含義為她不傻)
IfIhadn’tstoppedher,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver.
(事實上我阻止了她,改成UnlessIhadstoppedher…含義為我沒
有阻止她。)
②unless表示除外的唯一條件,因此通常不能用and連接兩個
unless從句,而if…not則不受此限,如:
Shewon’tloweightifshedoesnotkeepadietandifshe
doesnottakeexerciveryday.
Shewon’tloweightunlessshekeepsadietandtakexercis
。
精選資料,歡迎下載
everyday.
(不說:unlessshekeepsadietandunlessshetakexercis
everyday.)
③unless從句中可用否定詞,而if…not從句中不可再加否定
詞,因此在unless引導的否定從句中,不可用if…not代替
unless,如:
Iwillgounlessnooneeldoes.
Iwillgoifnooneeldoesn’t.×
Don’taskmetoexplainunlessyoureallydon’tunderstand.
Don’taskmetoexplainifyoureallynotdon’tunderstand.×
④在if…not從句中通常用非肯定詞,而在unless引導的肯定形
式的條件從句中,通常用肯定詞,而不用非肯定詞,如:
Iwillbeveryangryifyouhaven’tspokentoheryet.
Iwillbeveryangryunlessyouhavealreadyspokentoher.
九、讓步狀語從句
1.引導讓步狀語從句的主要連詞有although,though,as,even
though/if等。
Heisunhappythoughhehasalotofmoney.
雖然他很有錢,但他不快樂。
。
精選資料,歡迎下載
Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoufail.
即使你沒成功,他們也會支持你。
注意:although/though不可與but連用,但可與yet,still等連
用。例如。
Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.
雖然雨下得很大,但他們仍然繼續踢足球。
引導讓步狀語從句時,需倒裝,從句中的表語和狀語或動詞原
形要置于句首;though引導時,倒裝或不倒裝皆可。如表語是名詞,
不可加冠詞;若動詞原形前置,從句要有may或might。例如:
Childasheis,heknowsalot.盡管是個孩子,他卻懂得很多。
Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.
不管怎么努力,他還是找不到工作。
和while也可引導讓步狀語從句,意為“雖然”。例如:
Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idonotknowthemwell.
雖然他們是我的鄰居,但我并不很熟悉他們。
r…or…可引導讓步狀語從句,意為:不管是……還是……,
不論是否……。例如:
。
精選資料,歡迎下載
Youwillhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryouarefreeor
busy.不管你忙不忙,你都要參加這個典禮。
er,whoever,whichever,however,when-ever,wherever
等與nomatterwhat/who/which…等也可引導讓步狀語從句,意為
“不管……,不論……”。
Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay,hewillnotbelieveyou.
不論你說什么,他都不會相信你。
5)其它引導短語:granted/grantingthat,admitting(that),in
spiteof/despitethefactthat
Granted(假定;就算)thathehanoughmoneytobuythehou,
itdoesn’tmeanhe’sgoingtodoso.
Hewentoutinspiteofthefactthathehadabadcold.
十、比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句一般由從屬連詞as或than來引導,這種從句常采用省
略句的句型,如:
Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker.
Theprojectwascompletedearlierthanwehadexpected.
。
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Heisasyoungasyou(areyoung).
Pleacomeassoonas(itis)possible.
區別:Weknowyoubetterthanhe(knowsyou).
Weknowyoubetterthan(weknow)him.
注①在否定句中,用as…as或so…as均可,但后者語氣更強調,
如:
Heisnotas/soyoungasyou.
注②the…the…句型也是比較狀語從句的一種,例如:
Theharderwework,thebetterweshallrvethepeople.
其中the為連接副詞,既起連接作用,又修飾后面的副詞。
注意省略:
Thesoonerhecomes,thebetter(itwillbe).
Thehighertheground(is),thecoolertheair(willbe).
十一、asfaras或sofaras可以引導狀語從句,
有些語法書將其稱之為“限制狀語從句”。
asfaras/Sofaras表示“在……的范圍內”,引導限制狀語從句。
多用于下列結構:asfaras/sofarasIknow(據我所知),
asfaras/sofarasIcane,
。
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asfaras/sofarasI’mconcerned(依我看)。
例如:
Asfaras/SofarasIknow,thecouplehavebeenabroadfor
aboutfiveyears.據我所知,這對夫婦已經出國約五年了。
There’sonlyonethingtobedonenow,asfarasIcane.
依我看?,F在只有一件事情要做。
Asfaras/SofarasIcane,thisisathorny(棘手的)problem.
。
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