高物理中英文對照表

高一物理名詞概念規律集合（中英文對照）

mechanics

力學

力學

力

力是物體間的作用

力的圖示

力有大小和方向

牛頓

動力和阻力

重力

重量

彈簧秤

重心

質量分布均勻的物體

（勻質物體），重心的位

置只跟物體的形狀有關

彈力

拉力，壓力和支持力

形變

彈性限度

拉伸形變，壓縮形變，

彎曲形變，扭轉形變

壓力的方向垂直于支持

The direction of a pressure is perpendicular to the supporting surface

and points to the presd object, while the direction of a supporting

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elastic force

full, pressure and supporting force

deformation

elastic limit

stretched deformation, presd deformation, bending deformation,

twist deformation

force

Force is the interaction of objects.

force diagram

A force has both a magnitude and a direction.

Newton

motive force and resistance

gravitational force

weight

a spring balance

center of gravity or gravitational center

For a body with homogeneously distributed mass (homogeneous

body), the location of its gravitational center depends on its shape.

面指向被壓的物體，支

持力的方向垂直于支持

面指向被支持的物體

胡克定律

force is perpendicular to the supporting surface but points to the

supported object.

Hook’s law: The extension of a piece of wire is directly proportional

to the applied force providing the limit of proportionality is not

exceeded.

frictional force

sliding frictional force

The direction of the sliding frictional force is always tangential to the

surfaces in contact and is opposite to the direction of the relative

motion.

摩擦力

滑動摩擦力

滑動摩擦力的方向總是

跟接觸面相切，并且跟

物體相對運動的方向相

反

滑動摩擦力跟壓力成正

比

動摩擦因數

滾動摩擦

靜摩擦力

靜摩擦力的方向總是跟

接觸因相切，并且跟物

體相對運動趨勢的方向

相反

最大靜摩擦力

力的合成

The sliding frictional force is directly proportional to the pressure.

the dynamic friction factor

rolling friction

static frictional force

The direction of the static frictional force is always tangential to the

contacting surfaces and is in the opposite direction to the tendency of

the relative motion.

the maximum static frictional force

composition of forces

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合力

共點力

resultant (force)

concurrent forces: If a number of forces act on the same point of an

object, or their lines of application interct at a common point, the

forces are called the concurrent forces.

equivalent and substitution of force

the parallelogram rule

Vector and Scalar

resolution of force

component

mechanical motion

reference system

mass point

locus

rectilinear motion

curvilinear motion

moment and time interval

displacement and distance

uniform rectilinear motion: If an object is moving along a straight line

and travels an equal distance in an equal time intervals, this motion is

called uniform rectilinear motion.

distance-tine graph

variable straight-line motion

velocity and speed

Average velocity and instantaneous velocity

instantaneous speed or speed

力的等效替代

平行四邊行定則

矢量和標量

力的分解

分力

運動學

機械運動

參考系

質點

軌跡

直線運動

曲線運動

時刻和時間

位移和路程

勻速直線運動

位移-時間圖像

變速直線運動

速度和速率

平均速度和瞬時速度

速率

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速度-時間圖像

勻變速直線運動

velocity-time graph

uniform variable rectilinear motion: If the changes of the velocity are

equal in equal time in variable rectilinear motion, the motion is called

uniform variable rectilinear motion.

acceleration

initial velocity

final velocity

free-fall motion

free-fall acceleration or gravitational acceleration

加速度

初速度

末速度

自由落體運動

自由落體加速度，重力

加速度

牛頓運動定律

牛頓第一定律

Newton’s laws of motion

Newton’s first law of motion: All objects continue to be in its state of

uniform rectilinear motion or state of rest until being compelled to

change its states by some forces.

Newton’s cond law of motion: The acceleration of an object is in

direct proportion to the resultant force acting on it and in inver

proportion to the mass, the acceleration is in the same direction as

the resultant.

Newton’s third law of motion: The action and reaction forces of two

bodies are always equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and

acting on the same straight line.

inertia: The inertia of a body only depends on its mass.

hypothetical experiments

kinematics

dynamics

air cushion guide

fundamental units and derived units

overweight and weightlessness，complete weightlessness

牛頓第二定律

牛頓第三定律

慣性

理想實驗

運動學

動力學

氣墊導軌

基本單位和導出單位

超重和失重，完全失重

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共點力作用下物體的平

衡

力的平衡

the condition for a body to be in curvilinear motion: When the

direction of the net force a body experiences and the direction of the

velocity of the body do not fall in the same straight line, the body is in

curvilinear motion.

圓周運動

equilibrium of an object acted on by concurrent forces

equilibrium of the forces

物體做曲線運動的條件

運動的合成與分解

分運動與合運動

合位移與分位移

合速度與分速度

平拋運動

平拋運動

composition and resolution of motion

component motions and resultant motion

resultant displacement and component displacement

resultant velocity and component velocity

motion of horizontally projected objects

projectile motion: If you throw an object horizontally with a certain

initial velocity, neglecting air resistance, the body will move with only

the force of gravity acting on it. Such motion is called projectile

motion.

An projectile motion

can be resolved into a

horizontal uniform

rectilinear motion and

a vertical free-fall

motion.

勻速圓周運動

uniform circular motion: If a particle, moving along a circle, pass

an equal arc in equal time, this motion is called uniform circular

motion.

linear velocity, angular velocity, period and frequency

線速度，角速度，周期

和頻率

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轉速

向心力

向心加速度

切向加速度

離心現象

離心運動

the law of universal gravitation: Every particle of matter in the

萬有引力定律

univer attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional

to the product of their mass and inverly proportional to the

squared distance between them.

天一運動

引力常量

天體 celestial body

人造衛星

宇宙速度

work and energy

功和能

功和能

機械能

焦耳

正功和負功

功率

瓦特

平均功率與瞬時功率

動能與勢能

動能定理

重力勢能

rotational speed (its unit is revolutions per cond)

centripetal force

centripetal acceleration

tangential acceleration

centrifugal phenomenon

centrifugal motion

gravitational constant

artificial satellite

（the first/ cond/ third）cosmic velocity

mechanical energy

joule

positive work and negative work

power

watt

average power and instantaneous power

kinetic energy and potential energy

theorem of kinetic energy: The work done by the resultant force on a

body is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the body.

gravitational potential energy

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參考平面

彈性勢能

位能

機械能守恒定律

reference level

elastic potential energy

energy of position

the law of conrvation of mechanical energy: When only the

gravitational force does work, the kinetic and the gravitational

potential energy can be converted form one to another and the total

mechanical energy remains conrved.

mechanical vibration

spring oscillator

restoring force

amplitude, period and frequency

inherent frequency

vibration graph

Simple pendulum

damped vibration

simple harmonic motion

forced vibration

When a body undergoes a forced vibration, its steady vibration

frequency equals the frequency of the driving force and it is

independent of its inherent frequency.

機械振動

機械振動

彈簧振子

回復力

振幅、周期和頻率

固有頻率

振動圖像

單擺

阻尼振動

簡諧運動

受迫振動

物體做受迫振動時，振

動穩定后的頻率等于驅

動力的頻率，跟物體的

固有頻率無關。

共振 resonance

The amplitude of the forced vibration increas when the frequency of

the driving force is clo to the inherent frequency of the object. Such

a phenomenon is called resonance.

driving force

驅動力

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共鳴

機械波

波

無線電波

機械波

電磁波

聲波

地震波

波的形成和傳播

橫波和縱波

波峰和波谷

密部和疏部

介質

波的圖像或波形圖、波

形曲線

簡諧波

波長

頻率

波速

sound resonance

wave

radio waves

mechanical waves

electromagnetic waves

sound waves

Seismic waves

the formation and transmission of waves

transver waves and longitudinal waves

crest and trough

compression part and rarefaction part

media

the graph of a wave or waveform graph/curve

a simple harmonic wave

wavelength

frequency

wave velocity

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