if引導(dǎo)地非真實性條件狀語從句即虛擬語氣

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if 引導(dǎo)的非真實性條件狀語從句 即 虛擬語氣

通過動詞形式的變化來表示說話人對發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)

所持的態(tài)度或看法的動詞形式稱為語氣。.英語中的語氣分三種：

陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話

不是事實，而是一種祝愿，建議，與事實相反的假設(shè)或?qū)嶋H可能

性不大的情況等（即非真實的假設(shè)）。

If 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句分為真實和非真實條件句（虛擬條件

句）。真實條件句表示在假設(shè)的條件下，有可能實現(xiàn)的情況。非

真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛

擬語氣。

If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真實條件

狀語)

If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真實條件狀

語）

If I were you, I would go at once.（非真實條件狀語從句）

If there was no air, people would die.（非真實條件狀語從

句）

1）非真實條件句中虛擬語氣的基本形式。

假設(shè)類型 條件從句的動詞 結(jié)果主句的動詞

與現(xiàn)在事實相反 動詞過去式（be只用were）

would/should/could/might + 動詞原形

與過去事實相反 had+過去分詞 would/should/could/might +

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have + 過去分詞

與將來事實相反 動詞過去式/(should/were to)+動詞原形

would/should/could/might + 動詞原形

①與現(xiàn)在事實相反

If I had time, I would go for a walk.

如果我有時間，我就會去散步。(實際情況：我現(xiàn)在沒有時間，

也不會去散步。)

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.

假如我是你的話，我會帶上雨傘。(事實上我不可能是你。)

I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.

假如有人請我當(dāng)電影演員，我會表示拒絕。(事實上現(xiàn)虛擬語氣

專項練習(xí)

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have

been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

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4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called

D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been

done by hand, __________all practical value by the time

they were finished.

A. could lo B. would have lost C. might lo

D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,

he ________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been

C. were D. would be

9. If you ________________Jerry Brown until recently,

you'd think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn't contact B. didn't contact

C. weren't to contact D. hadn't contacted

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10. ____________he English examination I would have gone

to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Becau of D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I

_____________your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed

D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,

he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been

C. were D. hadn't contacted

13. If the hor won today, it _____________ thirty races

in five years.

A. would have won B. won

C. must have won D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that the animals could

be frightened, _______a sudden loud noi.

A. being there B. should there be

C. there was D. there having been

17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it

been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole

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of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

18. I apologize if I __________ you, but I assure you it

was unintentional(無意的).

A. offend B. had offended

C. should have offended D. might have offended

19. If you hadn't taken such a long time to get dresd,

we'd______________ there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be

circling

20. The sun ris in the east and ts in the west, so it

ems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D . be

circling

21. I wish that I _______________ with you last night.

A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone

22. I wish I ___________ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.

A. could B. have attended

C. could have attended D. attended

24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish

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I_______________ to it.

A. had not gone B. have not gone

C. did not go D. can not have gone

25. "I wish you___________ me to put the things away,"

he said.

A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would

help

26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not

have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred

C. was not occurring D. be circling

27. I hadn't expected ________James to apologize but I had

hoped .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me

C. him to call me D. that he call me

28. George would certainly have attended the meeting,

____________________ .

A. if he didn't get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn't

happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened

itlf

29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________

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experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their

B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her

D. had written any compositions for his

30. He speaks Chine as fluently as if he ______________a

Chine.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great

success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he

______________ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as

elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. Lifted D. could

lift

34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himlf.

A. had en B. has en C. saw D. es

35. At that thought he shook himlf, as though he

_____________from an evil dream.

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A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________

anything about collecting claims until they investigate

the situation.

A. do B. don't C. didn't D. didn't do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know

who ______________their natural parents are, some who have

found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn't B. didn't have had C. hadn't had D. hadn't

have

38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your

registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must

confirm

39. without electronic computers, much of today's

___________advanced technology.

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

40. He speaks Chine as fluently as if he ____________a

Chine.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

41. It is time that the government ______________measures

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to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records,

insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from

elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must

have

43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwi he _____ to the

meeting.

A. would come B. Came C. would have come D. had come

44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn't be

surprid if he___________ acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up

C. have taken up D. would have taken up

45. If I had en the movie, I ______________ you all about

it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would

have told

46. I hadn't expected ______Henry to apologize but I had

hoped .

A. him to call me up B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

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47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but

he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she

wasn't good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes

49. I'd rather you ___________ anything about it for the

time being.

A. do B. didn't do C. don't D. didn't

50. I'd just as soon_______ rudely to her.

A. that you won't speak B. you not speaking

C. you not speak D. you didn't speak

51. It's high time they____________ this road.

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend

52. It's about time people______ notice of what women did

during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

53. Everybody has arrived. It's time we___________ the

class.

A. shall start B. would start C. had started D.

start

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54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone

to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Becau of D. As for

55. Mary ___my letter; otherwi she would have replied

before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received

56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwi he

_______to e his classmates off.

A. came B. would come

C. would have come D. should be coming

57. He's working hard for fear that he_____________ .

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention

might____________ for a century.

A. have been postponed B. has been postponed

C. postpone D. be postponed

59. In the past men generally preferred that their

wives_______________ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more

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mature one, it requires that the child

_____psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

61. Tom's father, as well as his mother,_______________ in

New York for a few days more.

A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay

C. asks he stays D. asks he stay

62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is

reasonable.

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she

waited

64. It was esntial that we lea before the end of the

month.

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing

65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study

of the results of the Apollo mission.

A. devotes to B. devoted to

C. is devoted to D. be devoted to

答案與詳解

1．A．條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬。 2．B．條件句表示

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與過去事實的虛擬。

3．A．條件句表示與未來事實的虛擬。 4．B．條件句表示與未

來事實的相反。

5．C．條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬。 6．D．條件句表示與現(xiàn)

在事實的虛擬。

7．B．這個句子中含有一個省略if，把助動詞提前到主語they

之前的虛擬條件句，該條件句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中

by the time they were finished 表明主句也應(yīng)該是對過去發(fā)

生的情況的假設(shè)，因而應(yīng)該選（B）would have lost為正確答

案。

8．（D）這道題目是一個混合虛擬語氣的句子。條件句省略了

if，把助詞had提前到主語前面，表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主

句中now表明了對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)選would(should,

could, might)+動詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個選項中只有（D）

是正確表達(dá)形式，故為正確答案。

9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正確答案，而主句是隱

含的對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，該句是一個混合虛擬條件句。

10．（B）假設(shè)的情況有時不是用一個條件句表示，而是隱含在

一個由介詞如but for、but that、without, 由連詞but、副詞

otherwi 、比較級、形容詞、獨(dú)立主格等表示的上下文中。本

句主句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，但事實上由于英語考試而沒有去

成，即若不是因為英語考試，我本可以去聽音樂會，所以應(yīng)選

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But for為正確答案。

11．（C）題目中的第一句話表示的是現(xiàn)在真實的情況，而第二

句話中所要表達(dá)的是應(yīng)該做但事實上沒有做的事，這種情況導(dǎo)致

第一句話中真實情況的發(fā)生，故If only條件句假設(shè)的是過去一

種情況，因此應(yīng)該用had +過去分詞，所以正確答案是（C）。

12．D．注意主句now表示現(xiàn)在的時間狀語，所以主句是對現(xiàn)在

虛擬，從句是對過去虛擬。

13．A．從句對過去的虛擬。

14．B．從句表示虛擬，而主句是事實。

17．（D）本道題目的前半句話是對過去情況的一種假設(shè)，但事

實上并沒有發(fā)生，而事實上沒有發(fā)生的真實原因是句子的后半部

分由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實。因而but所引導(dǎo)的句子中

應(yīng)該用表示志過去事實相符合的表陳述的時態(tài)，即一般過去時。

18．（B）此題要求在if從句中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式，以主句中

的動詞apologize(抱歉)來看，if從句中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是過去

做的事，因此可以排除（A），因為（A）是現(xiàn)在時。（C）中

should+have+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來應(yīng)該做卻沒有做的事，在此

不合題意。（D）選項中的might+have+過去分詞表示對過去發(fā)

生的事情很不肯定的猜測，它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容還不能成為事實，所以

藉此道歉真是不知從何說起，因此此處也不合題意。（B）had

offended表示當(dāng)時已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動作。這是復(fù)雜條件句：

apologize 是現(xiàn)在，而條件句是表示對過去假設(shè)的條件句。

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19．（A）該句也是一個復(fù)雜條件句（或稱作混合虛擬條件句）。

條件句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，

但事實上卻與此相反，所以正確答案應(yīng)該是（A）。

20．（A）as if引導(dǎo)的從句要求用虛擬語氣，表示同時或?qū)?/span>

的情況，動詞要用過去式（be動詞用were）或would(could等)+

動詞原形，本句話中指的是當(dāng)時的情況，所以要用過去式，故（A）

是正確答案。

21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D．

26．（B）had not occurred表示對過去的虛擬，條件句中要用

過去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+動詞

原形的過去分詞。

27．（B）had hoped是常見的要求其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣

的句型,虛擬語氣would+動詞原形。

28．（C）表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，主句動詞形式為would(should,

could, might)+have+過去分詞，條件句為過去完成式，if可以

省略，但要把had提前主語前面。（B），（D）的表達(dá)不符合英

語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，所以（C）是正確答案。

29．（A）suggest后面的從句要用虛擬語氣形式，其形式為should

（可以省略）+動詞原形。

30．A．表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬。

31．A．as though引導(dǎo)的與過去相反的虛擬。

32．D．felt是過去式，所以該句是由as though引導(dǎo)的與過去

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相反的虛擬。

33．D．as if引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬。

34．A．as if引導(dǎo)的與過去相反的虛擬。

35．C．

36．（D）would rather后接從句要求用虛擬語氣，形式為過去

式，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O(shè)，或為過去完成式表示對過去的情

況的假設(shè)。

37．（C）who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作業(yè)已發(fā)

生，所以主句中表示的虛擬是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的行為，所以應(yīng)該

用過去完成式表示對過去的虛擬。

38．（B）

39．（C）這是一人含蓄虛擬條件句，通過介詞短語without,表

示潛在的一種假設(shè)，而主句中的情況也早已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以是對過

去情況的一種假設(shè)，因此用would not have been achieved這

一形式。

40．（D）連so that引導(dǎo)的從句中要求用虛擬語氣，表示一種

假設(shè)，形式為might+動詞原形。

41．（B）It is time that是一種要求從句用虛擬語氣的常見

句型。虛擬語氣形式為動詞的過去式。

42．（C）

43．（C）otherwi用來表示一種含蓄的虛擬假設(shè)，因為是對

過去(yesterday)的情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)該用would have come

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形式。

44．（B）所給的四個選項中沒有一個表示對未來的情況的虛擬

的形式should+動詞原形，或是were to do，因此可以斷定if

引導(dǎo)的條件句在這里最真實的條件句，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將

來時，故（B）是正確答案。

45．（A）這是一個混合虛擬語氣的句子，if條件句表示的是對

過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句是對現(xiàn)在（now）的情況的假設(shè)，故用

would tell形式。

46．C． 47．C． 48．C． 49．B．would rather引導(dǎo)的虛擬語

氣其謂語用過去式。

50．D．would as soon引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞也用過去

式. 51．B． 52．B． 53．B． 54．B．

55．C．注意單詞otherwi引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣。 56．C．同上。 57．A．注

意詞組for fear that

58．A．注意without 59．C． 60．C． 61．D． 62．B． 64．A． 65．D．

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