小升初英語閱讀理解題型過關技巧指導+練習題(答案解析)

部編小升初英語閱讀理解題型過關技巧指導

一、培養正確的閱讀習慣

有許多孩子在長期的學習中往往形成了各種閱讀習慣，如一個詞一個詞地讀，且常伴有一

些習慣動作：用手指、擺頭等，這就是速讀的障礙，并且可能影響到孩子一生的閱讀。有

些不良的習慣會影響到他們正常的閱讀，我們應注意糾正他們以下的不良方式：（1）用手

指或筆指詞閱讀；（2）逐詞閱讀；（3）復讀；（4）聲讀；（5）心譯。這些做法的結果

往往是降低閱讀速度，不利于把注意力集中在作者要表達的思想或傳遞的信息上。應當指

出，孩子在平常的閱讀中都會出現個別的、有意識的復視或回視，但過分的回視則會影響

閱讀的速度乃至對文章有效的理解。

二、加強按意群閱讀的訓練

按意群閱讀是一種科學的閱讀方法。它首先要求把所讀的句子盡可能分成意義較完整的組

群，目光要盡可能少地停頓。試比較：（1）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.（目光停

頓7次），（2）I usually / go to school / by bike.（目光停3次）。其中，（1）為逐詞讀，

（2） 為按意群讀。具體說來，讀的時候我們要指導學生，不要把目光停在某一個詞上，

而應該用兩眼余光看這個詞兩側的詞，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，這樣，映 入眼簾

的便是詞組而不是單個的詞；讀的時候要少眨眼、不擺頭，只要眼球來回轉動就可以了；

保持坐姿端正，書本應放到眼睛正前方，眼睛與書本距離大約一尺為 宜，這樣才能保證同

一適當距離、同一視角范圍內盡可能多地攝入文字信息，正確的讀書寫字姿勢，如下圖：

關鍵在于它既不是默讀（心讀）更不是朗讀，而是通過目光在外語與大腦之間建立直接的

聯系，即外語思維。這是一個簡捷快速的過程，非經過大量閱讀訓練的妙手豈能偶而得

之？因此，我們在平常可以教給學生試試以下兩個方法：1. 快速朗讀已經熟悉的課文等文

字材料（最好朗讀到能夠熟練背誦的程度）。通過這種練習，對什么是意群，怎樣區分意

群，如何把注意力放在一個意群的中心詞上，逐步就會有所實際地感受。

2. 把課文或閱讀過的材料按意群分行抄寫下來，再用目光掃讀，使眼睛習慣于一掃一段。

隨 著閱讀的深入，熟練的孩子在閱讀過程中能根據自己的閱讀目的、閱讀內容和文體調整

閱讀速度，并利用頭腦中已有的相關知識，借助盡可能少的文字信息進行選 擇、推測和推

理，必要時還能跳出文段客觀地判斷作者意圖。也就是說一些孩子能過渡到跳讀和略讀環

節。我們必須明確地告訴孩子，跳讀和略讀的關鍵是要抓住文 章的開頭和結尾以及各段的

關鍵詞和主題句。主題句可能在各段開頭也可能出現在結尾。

三、培養語言預測能力

所謂語言預測，就是根據詞語的搭配習慣以及語法知識（詞法和句法），憑借上文，猜測

出下文可能出現的內容，達到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用詞法的搭配習慣，在讀到I

go to school by ... 時，我們就能猜到下文要出現一個交通工具的單詞；利用句法知識，在我

們讀到Thank you for ... 時，我們就可以預知下文會出現一個動名詞，這樣就有助于我們在

整體理解全句。熟悉和體驗詞語的搭配關系也是預測能力的體現。例如讀到He likes

listening ... 時，就知道下面一定跟一個介詞to的結構；讀到Little Water Drop goes higher

and ... 時也會知道下面要跟的肯定是一個比較級的形式。

眼未到心先知，眼再到時得到證實一閃而過就行了，這樣讀起來，自然就會快多了。

四、避免翻譯

在開始的時候，逐句翻譯成中文來心譯理解是難以避免的一個現象。但如果總要依賴翻

譯，養成習慣了，勢必影響到閱讀速度。當然用英文直接思維，這不是一下子就可以完全

做到的，但可以循序漸進，例如我們學了apple這個單詞，我們在文章中見到它時，并不

是按照英語——中文——實物去理解，而是可以直接由英語到實物。再如讀到She was

flying a kite.時，我們就可以直接體會到“一個女孩子手中拿著線，天上風箏飄呀飄呀”的畫

面，避免了譯成中文“她正在放風箏”后，再到畫面的中間環節，那么就節省了時間。在 英

語的閱讀理解中，孩子往往會或多或少地遇到各種各樣的生詞，這是影響孩子閱讀速度的

最大障礙了。若把閱讀過程比作一條奔流的小溪，那么生詞便是頑石、溝 坎，使溪流不斷

回漩激起浪花；沖過去便漸入佳境，沖不過去便成為一潭死水。跨越生詞障礙可以通過猜

測詞義來解決。猜測詞義的方法有很多，有的時候不靠查字 典，的確很難猜出一個詞的真

正意義，其實這時只要孩子能看出它的詞性、在句中的作用，不影響閱讀就足夠了。例

如：PEP教材六上活動手冊第38頁第5題Read and answer中有這樣的句子：Her friend

Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesn't play any instruments. She doesn't like music.很明

顯，instruments沒學過，是生詞，但并不影響學生的閱讀，學生通過上文中的violin下文

中的music，能明白。這正如我們小的時候在看長篇小說或大部頭的書時，碰到不認識的

字詞，并不是用查字典的辦法去弄清楚它的讀音和意思，而是僅僅揣摩一下它的含義，不

求甚解。生詞問題解決了，就為以后的閱讀鋪平了道路。

閱讀理解猜詞六技巧介紹如下：

1.通過因果關系猜詞

通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章

借助關聯詞(如becau，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of cour，therefore等等)表

示前因后果。例如：

You shouldn"t have blamed him for that，for it wasn"t his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原

因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。

2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不

認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義

詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of

spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets

就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉折關系的連詞或

副詞，如but，while，however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is

so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not handsome我們不難推測出

homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通過構詞法猜詞

在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對

文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法

知識，這些問題便不難解決了。

4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義

例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or

drought.

從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought，

由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或

釋義關系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。

5.通過句法功能來推測詞義

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm

areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它

們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關系，同

屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。

6.通過描述猜詞

描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內

在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of a bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and

walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例

句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生

活習性。

二、閱讀理解

2．閱讀理解A．閱讀短文，判斷下列句子與短文內容是否一致 It was Sunday yesterday.

The weather was fine. It was sunny and there were no clouds in the sky. Sandy and Sue got up

early in the morning. Now they were in the park. It is a big park and it's so beautiful. They saw

many people there. Some boys played football on the grass. Some girls danced under the tree. An

old man walked beside the lake. A young woman and her little son looked at the fish in the lake.

How happy they are!

（1）Yesterday was Sunday.

（2）The weather was cloudy.

（3）Sandy and Sue were in a small park.

（4）Some boys danced and some girls played football.

（5）There was an old man walking beside the lake.

（6）There were some fish in the lake.

（7）All the people in the park were happy.

【答案】（1）1

（2）0

（3）0

（4）0

（5）1

（6）1

（7）1

【解析】【分析】該短文主要星期天Sandy 和 Sue一起去公園看到的一些事情。

（1）細節閱讀，根據 It was Sunday yesterday. 得知昨天星期天，故答案為：正確。

（2）細節閱讀，根據It was sunny and there were no clouds in the sky. 得知天氣晴朗沒有云

彩，故答案為：錯誤。

（3）細節閱讀，根據 Now they were in the park. It is a big park and it's so beautiful. 得知她們

在一個大公園里，故答案為：錯誤。

（4）細節閱讀，根據Some boys played football on the grass. Some girls danced under the

tree. 得知男孩們踢足球，女孩們跳舞，故答案為：錯誤。

（5）細節閱讀，根據An old man walked beside the lake. 得知一位老年人在湖邊散步，故答

案為：正確。

（6）細節閱讀，根據A young woman and her little son looked at the fish in the lake. 得知湖里

有魚，故答案為：正確。

（7）細節閱讀，根據 How happy they are!得知所有的人都很開心，故答案為：正確。

【點評】此題目要求快速閱讀文章，把握內容、了解大意，然后細致閱讀，抓住主要內容

和細節，標出關鍵詞，然后做出選擇，完成題目。

3．閱讀理解閱讀短文，判斷正誤 Long, long ago there lived a king. He was very old and he

had no children. So he wanted to lect a new king in the country.

One day, the king asked his ministers to give all the children in the country some flower eds

and told them, "Who can plant the most beautiful flowers will be the king."

A child named David planted the eds and looked after them carefully. But day after day, no

flowers came out from the basin. He was very disappointed.

It was time to show the most beautiful flowers. The children from all over the country came

with their beautiful flowers.

The king walked in front of the children. When he saw the beautiful flowers, he was very

unhappy.

Suddenly, he saw a child carrying an empty basin. He was very glad and asked the boy, "Why

do you carry an empty basin?" The boy cried and told him the truth.

The king laughed, "You are an honest boy. You will be the future king." In fact, the eds had

been boiled.

（1）The king wanted a new king.

（2）The child with the most beautiful flowers will be the king.

（3）There were no flowers in David's basin.

（4）The eds from the king can grow flowers.

（5）David will be the future king.

【答案】（1）1

（2）0

（3）1

（4）0

（5）1

【解析】【分析】該短文主要老國王通過種花選拔新國王的故事。

（1）細節閱讀，根據So he wanted to lect a new king in the country.得知要選新國王，故答

案為：正確。

（2）細節閱讀，根據Who can plant the most beautiful flowers will be the king.得知種出最漂

亮的花的竟成為國王，故答案為：錯誤。

（3）細節閱讀，根據no flowers came out from the basin.得知David的盆里沒有花，故答案

為：正確。

（4）細節閱讀，根據In fact, the eds had been boiled.得知那都是些煮熟的種子，故答案

為：錯誤。

（5）細節閱讀，根據You are an honest boy. You will be the future king.得知David將成為國

王，故答案為：正確。

【點評】此題目要求快速閱讀文章，把握內容、了解大意，然后細致閱讀，抓住主要內容

和細節，標出關鍵詞，然后做出選擇，完成題目。

4．閱讀理解閱讀短文，根據短文填空 It is Saturday. The Browns are at home. Mrs. Brown is

in the kitchen. She is making lunch. Mr. Brown isn't in the living room. He is outside. He is

washing his car. The car is new and very beautiful. Jim is playing football with some boys. Where

is his sister, Sue? She's watching TV in her bedroom with her friend, Ann.

（1）There are ________people in Mr. Brown's family.

（2）Mrs. Brown is ________.

（3）Mr. Brown is ________his car.

（4）________is playing football.

（5）Sue and Ann are ________in Sue's bedroom.

【答案】（1）four

（2）making lunch

（3）washing

（4）Jim

（5）watching TV

【解析】【分析】通讀短文了解到，星期六布朗一家在家正在做什么，媽媽正在做飯，爸

爸正在洗車，吉姆正在和孩子們踢球，妹妹正在和她的朋友看電視。

（1）通讀短文知道，布朗一家有四口人，爸爸，媽媽，哥哥和妹妹。故答案為four.

（2）根據所給的短文，Mrs. Brown is in the kitchen. She is making lunch. 布朗太太在廚房

里。她正在做午飯。故答案為making lunch.

（3）根據所給的短文，Mr. Brown isn't in the living room. He is outside. He is washing his car.

布朗先生不在起居室里。他在外面。他正在洗車。故答案為washing.

（4）根據所給的短文，Jim is playing football with some boys.吉姆正在和一些男孩踢足球。

故答案為Jim.

（5）根據所給的短文，Where is his sister, Sue? She's watching TV in her bedroom with her

friend, Ann.蘇，他的妹妹在哪里？她正在臥室和她的朋友安安一起看電視。故答案為

watching TV.【點評】閱讀的關鍵在看懂短文，然后根據題目要求作答，注意盡量使用的短

文中詞語填寫答案。

5．閱讀理解讀短文并按要求完成相應任務

Today was the first day of the summer holiday．My friends and I went out together．We went

swimming in the swimming pool．We swam for an hour．I did not swim well，but I enjoyed it

very much．We had lunch in a fast—food restaurant．I had a sandwich and some orange

juice．Alice had a hamburger．Jack had a lot of French fries and some cola．We went shopping

in a supermarket．I bought a pink dress．Alice bought a pretty hat．Jack did not buy anything．

We went home at 3 o'clock in the afternoon．We 、were tired，but we were happy．

（1）寫出短文中6個動詞的一般過去式。

________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________

（2） The children went to：________

①the swimming pool ②the cinema

③a fast—food restaurant ④a supermarket

（3）They：________

①had breakfast together ②swam for an hour

③had lunch together ④picked apples

⑤bought some fruit ⑥went shopping

【答案】（1）was；went；swam；did；enjoyed；had

（2）①③④

（3）②③⑥

【解析】【分析】本文主要介紹了暑假第一天，主人公和朋友一起出去玩的事情。

（1）從文章中找出was、went、swam、did、enjoyed、had， bought、were根據句子結構

即可找出，選出六個即可。

（2）根據We went swimming in the swimming pool．We had lunch in a fast—food

restaurant．和We went shopping in a supermarket．看出他們去的三個地方，故答案為：①③

④。

（3）根據We went swimming in the swimming pool．We had lunch in a fast—food

restaurant．和We went shopping in a supermarket．找到他們所干的事情，故答案為：②③

⑥。

【點評】此題主要考查學生的閱讀理解能力，第一題考察對動詞一般過去式的掌握，第二

題，第三題考察對短文的理解程度，都能在文中找到對應的短語或句子，此類題目對的答

案，一定要在文章中尋找，文章中一定會有依據。

6．閱讀理解

Dear Tom,

Mum and I arrived in Nanjing happily. The trip(旅途)was only about four hours, It was very

nice to take a train. We will go to Aunt Linda's home later. Aunt Linda wants us to stay with her

for a week in Nanjing. She is going to take us to some interesting places in Nanjing. I will call you

when we get back to Shanghai Train Station. We want Dad to meet us. Plea tell him. Thank you.

See you soon.

Love

Danny

根據短文，選擇正確答案

（1）Danny went to Nanjing with his .

A. mother B. aunt C. brother D. father

（2）They went to Nanjing by .

A. car B. train C. bus D. plane

（3）Aunt Linda lives in .

A. Nanjing B. Gulling C. Shanghai D. Beijing

（4）How long will Danny stay in Nanjing?

A. 1 day. B. 4 hours. C. A week. D. A month.

（5）Tom is Danny's .

A. friend B. father C. sister D. brother

【答案】 （1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

（5）D

【解析】【分析】這是一封給Tom介紹作者旅程以及活動安排的信。

（1）根據短文句子 Mum and I arrived in Nanjing happily. 可知是和媽媽，A選項正確。故

答案為：A。

（2）根據短文句子 It was very nice to take a train. 可知是乘火車，B選項正確。故答案為：

B。

（3）根據短文句子 Mum and I arrived in Nanjing happily. 和 We will go to Aunt Linda's

home later. 可知琳達嬸嬸住在南京。A選項正確。故答案為：A。

（4）根據短文句子 Aunt Linda wants us to stay with her for a week in Nanjing. 可知待一周時

間。C選項正確。故答案為：C。

（5）根據短文句子 We want Dad to meet us. Plea tell him. 可知湯姆是丹尼的哥哥。D選

項正確。故答案為：D。

【點評】這是考查閱讀理解的題目。首先仔細閱讀短文，然后根據短文的相關敘述來完成

各題目。