
欠 交 1 0.. 季 。鴦麓 呈萎霸
第二屆國際河姆渡文化節將于5月下旬在余姚舉彳?。氨敬挝幕澮浴昂霌P河
姆渡文化,彰顯幸福城魅力”為主題,以凸顯“文獻名邦”“山水城市”特質為內
涵,包括文藝晚會、國際論壇、海峽兩岸百團萬人河姆渡尋根游、河姆渡非遺文化
嘉年華等一系列文化活動。本刊這期刊載的《余姚名人甲天下》《姚?。ㄍ蹶柮鳎?/span> 在臺灣》兩文就是從歷史名人、非遺文化姚劇的視角來觀照余姚“文獻名邦”特 質和顯示海峽兩岸情緣。 姚江名 方其軍 ——1rJ 1973年,位于余姚 的河姆渡遺址露出地面, 一 幅遠古文明的絢麗畫 卷在世人面前徐徐展_開。 余姚,河姆渡,7000年, 這一片神奇的土地上,流 傳著生生不息的精神歌 謠…?? 范仲淹在 送謝景 初廷評宰余姚))中云: “余姚二山下,東南最名 邑。煙水萬人家,熙熙自 翔集。”梁啟超在《中國 近三百年學術史 中說: “余姚以區區一邑,而自 明中葉迄清中葉二百年 間,碩儒輩出…??” 在第二屆國際河姆 渡文化節舉辦之際,我試 圖推介歷代余姚名人,以 撩揭那隱而有必然的牽 聯與傳承的帷幕。 余姚龍泉山上的子陵祠 AYan Ziling memorial on Longquan Hil lin Yuyao 墟說》一文,認為舜是余姚一帶人物, 姚境內確有“歷山”地名,當地小學 引起了學界震動。唐貞觀年問 括地 的校名取為“舜耕小學”?;蛟S,舜過 志》稱:“越州余姚縣,舜姓姚,故云 于久遠,而余姚人最熟悉與親近的先 姚舜遺風四大先賢 余姚”。之后,此類記載仍屢有出現。 賢是這么四位:嚴子陵、王陽明、朱舜 多年前,中國文史界泰斗史樹青 如此說來,舜是余姚有史可考的第一 水、黃宗羲。由舜耕歷山的勤儉賢德, 教授專門撰寫((河姆渡遺址為余姚 賢者。“舜耕歷山”是一個典故,而余 觀照余姚人的四大先賢,一種純正的 24 CuJtufa1 Dialogue 陽明,明代哲學 純。報仇雪恨的舉動震驚朝野。清軍 家、教育家、軍 入侵,黃宗羲組織“世忠營”抗清??? 事家、文學家 清失敗后,避居化安山,專為著書立 和書法家。早 說。清王朝多次召征“博學鴻儒”,皆 年因觸犯當權 拒。黃宗羲自云其一生有三變:“初錮 宦官劉瑾,受 之為黨人,繼指之為游俠,終廁之于 到廷杖,貶為龍 儒林?!?/span> 場驛丞。他潛心 悟道,史稱“龍 場悟道”,遂得 在寧波,有一句話:“一部寧波 姚江望族群英顯赫 “知行合一” 為精髓的心學 真諦。后又領兵 打仗,功勛卓 始遷祖為漢代的虞光、虞國兩兄弟。 著,可謂文武全 虞光官至零陵太守,虞國官至日南太 才 明史))評: “終明之世,文 臣用兵制勝,未 有如守仁者?!?/span> 虞光、虞國雖已為官,但使虞氏 留存在余姚的 王陽明遺跡有 瑞云樓、中天 閣、新建伯牌 日行千里,文懂易經,諳熟典籍。然而 坊等,供后人瞻 1【仃。 曾經有段 虞翻老,秋深宋玉悲?!庇莘膶O輩 時間,在余姚四 黃宗羲(黎洲)故里碑 This stone stele marks the home village of Huang Zongxi in Yuyao 先賢的排行中, 朱舜水排在黃 氣流是一以貫之的。 宗羲之后。后來,文史研究者發現,朱 和五年(330),他依據冬至日恒星的 范仲淹撰有 嚴先生祠堂記 , 舜水其實比黃宗羲早出生10年。朱舜 盛贊嚴子陵:“云山蒼蒼,江水泱泱。 水(1600-1682),名之瑜,字魯嶼。清 兩年的冬至問向西偏移原位。祖沖之 先生之風,山高水長。”山高水長由 兵入侵,他奔走各地,聯絡義軍抗清, 制 大明歷 開創中國天文學史新紀 此被引為形容一種高潔的風骨。嚴子 輾轉安南、交趾(均今越南)等地,歷 陵,東漢初人,與劉秀同游學。他抗 盡艱險。四次東渡日本借兵,以圖恢 余姚人最熟知的虞氏先賢恐怕 命王莽,不事劉秀,潔身全行,高風亮 復明室,均未成,最終流亡日本。1665 節,受后人推崇。佘姚有子陵祠、客星 年,因其才學出眾,被水戶藩主德川 氏家族的“絢爛之極”。虞世南的兄長 山、客星橋、客星庵、高風亭、“高風干 光國聘為賓師,為日本文明史添磚加 古”石牌坊、子陵亭等。傳說嚴子陵 瓦,影響深遠。有 朱舜水文集 行 奠 經漢帝劉秀再三邀請才人宮,是夜與 世,留于日本遺物今存水戶彰考館。 漢帝同榻而臥,嚴子陵以足置劉秀腹 家歷任秘書監、弘文館學士等。唐太 曾有權威機構評出中國十大 特別報道I∽PALS E I 上。次日清晨,史官奏稱“客星犯御座 思想家,從老子、孔子、孟子這一路 宗褒獎他:“世南一人,有出世之才, 甚急”。劉秀笑答,只是與老同學共枕 遂兼五絕。一日忠讜,二日友悌,三日 下來,中國歷代十個最重要的思想 而眠的緣故吧。 家中,余姚居然占了兩個。一個是 余姚四先賢中,首先在哲學領域 王陽明,另一個就是黃宗羲。黃宗羲 后,虞氏家族的香火歸于平淡。 探索而集大成者,當屬王陽明。暢銷書 (16l0-1695),字太沖,號南雷,稱 虞氏家族之外,佘姚還有王氏、 明朝那些事兒 里,作者給予王陽 梨洲先生。他是個民主主義啟蒙思 謝氏、黃氏、孫氏、邵氏、朱氏等名門 明極高評價:“明朝第一完人?!蓖蹶?想家。崇禎元年(1628)正月,懷疏袖 明(1472—1529),名守仁,字伯安,號 錐赴京為父訟冤,錐刺殺父仇人許顯 史,半部余姚志;一部佘姚志,半部虞 氏史?!笨梢娪菔霞易逶谟嘁v史上 舉足輕重的地位。相傳,余姚虞氏的 守。自虞光、虞國至晉代美食家虞驚, 計十一世。從虞光、嗅國至虞元長期 間,虞氏家族人才輩出、舉世聞名。 家族聲名鵲起的第—人則是虞光的玄 孫虞翻。虞翻(164—233),字仲翔,官 至三國東吳騎都尉。虞翻武能打仗, 性情疏直,冒犯孫權,先后被謫到丹 陽涇縣和交州等地。李白詩云:“地遠 虞喜,也著實是為虞氏家族大添異彩 之人。虞喜博學好古,擅天文歷算,有 ((尚書釋問))等10佘種著作傳世。成 中天觀測,發現“歲差”,認為太陽在 元,即應用“歲差”原理。 是虞世南了。的確,虞世南可謂是虞 虞世基是隋朝武將,隋朝史短,虞世 南其實也是隋朝遺民。虞世南(558— 638),這位唐初政治家、書法家、文學 博文,四日詞藻,五日書翰?!痹谔瞥? 望族。 王氏中,“陽明千古大師”自不 t: { i j{ , “ 25 交 I。 籬 一 呈參磊 王陽明雕像 A statue ofWangYangming 朱舜水像 A portrait of Zhu Shunshu 必說,其父王華即是明朝狀元,官至 理論家,中國共產黨早期黨員之一。 有明代大學士謝遷以及兒子謝丕等, 陳布雷捎話:“對你的道德文章,我們 南京吏部尚書,可見家族基業。謝氏 1921年,被商務印書館聘為 學生雜 共產黨人是欽佩的,但希望你的筆不 志 主編,任職6年,參與了五卅運動 要為一個人服務,要為全中國四萬萬 頗有聲望。黃氏,宗羲之父尊素是明 和上海三次工人武裝起義的組織工 人服務?!标惒祭椎牡艿荜愑柎仍? 末高官、著名東林黨人,弟弟宗炎、宗 作。大革命失敗后,他轉移到日本,在 浙江省立圖書館館長,另一個弟弟陳 會,以及兒子百家等,也多有建樹,聲 日本邊進行革命活動邊從事社會科學 訓念曾任“中央社”總編輯、“中央日 報社”社長。 名遠播。孫氏有“橫河孫家境,紗帽 和教育科學的研究及翻譯工作。1 929 歷史的微妙在于,陳布雷的女兒 八百頂”的美譽,明代孫燧歷任刑部 年他秘密回國,繼續從事革命斗爭。于 陳璉、女婿袁永熙卻是赤誠的共產黨 主事、江西巡撫,又有孫如游官至大 1931年病逝,年儀36歲。 學士,孫嘉績任職南京工部主事。邵 再列舉一位很早就投身革命的 人。在西南聯大,陳璉找到了共產黨 氏有清代史學家邵廷采、邵晉涵祖孫 余姚人——樓適夷。這是一一位堅定的 的秘密組織,而她的上級就是后來成 等,至現當代,還有“新月派”詩人、 共產主義戰士。早年參加太陽社,曾 為她丈夫的袁永熙。陳布雷曾請人幫 留學日本,1931年回國,從事左聯和文 忙查一查這個未來的女婿是什么人, 翻譯家、編輯家邵洵美。 余姚朱氏在朱舜水外,又花開別 部的黨團工作,歷任新華日報社副刊 得知“外交部次長”葉公超教授是他 枝。據光緒 余姚縣志 ,清朝朱姓者 編輯,中華全國文藝界抗敵協會理事, 的姐夫,吳晗教授是他的好朋友,朱 有朱文治、朱蘭、朱迪然、朱定基等, 抗戰文藝 及 文藝陣地 編輯、代 自清教授對他十分賞識…..1947年夏 為祖孫四代。 天,陳璉與袁永熙舉行了婚禮。但蜜 理主編,新四軍浙東根據地浙東行署 文教處副處長,出版總署編審局副處 廟堂江湖名賢遍布 不說南宋狀元方山京,不說“海 民文學出皈社副社長、副總編輯、顧問 南夫子”趙考古,不說元末明初醫學 等。作為我國新文學運動的一員驍將, 有必要一提的是,這里說到的 家滑壽,也不說“青詞宰相”袁煒、明 代閣老呂本、明代工部侍郎龔輝,因 而在另一一個陣營中,也有不少余 月剛過,兩人就被國民黨當局逮捕。 長,東北軍區后勤政治部宣傳部長,人 過了幾個月,陳布雷和葉公超將兩人 保了出來。 “外交部次長”葉公超也是余姚人。 他的身后留下了一串閃光的足跡。 在那些顯赫的余姚人中還有曾擔任北 京大學校長的蔣夢麟、著名農學家沈 姚人。最顯著的,恐怕要算陳布雷了。 單,那么,現在,我們把目光聚焦到現 陳布雷(1890—1948),才華出眾,20 宗翰等。蔣夢麟、沈宗翰等人后來都 當代。在現當代,余姚名人依然光芒 多歲就存報界享有盛譽,他是國民黨 遷赴臺灣地區。沈宗翰之子沈君山是 與連震東之子連戰、 “臺灣四君子”( 璀璨,在各個領域星羅棋布。 的“領袖文膽”和“總裁智囊”,素有 在紅色革命歷史中,有一個佘姚 錢思亮之子錢復、陳誠之子陳覆安 國民黨“第一支筆”之稱。他是中國近 人是不可忘卻的,他就是楊賢江。楊 現代歷史上一位很受關注而頗有爭議 并稱“臺灣四君子”)之一,1993年至 賢江(1895—1931),馬克思主義教育 的人物。1941年,周恩來在重慶托人給 1997年,任臺灣“清華大學”校長??? 為古代的余姚人物還能列出一長串名 26 CL ∞?。模?/span> tie Qijun and even Japan eratlon after another for his self-imposed during a period of abstention from power,fame and wealth. 200yearsfromthe Yuyao boasts a 5(an Ziling Memorial Tem— mid—Ming f 1 368— pie as well as some architectural structures 1 644)to mid—Qing and hills that have names in honor of the (1644—1911). ancestor. History records Wang Yangming is a philosopher,edu— say Shun the cator,military general,man of letters and Great,one of the calligrapher.While in exile in Longchang three legendary in remote Guizhou Province,he dedicated emperors of early himself to philosophical thinking.He em— China,was from phasized the inseparability of knowledge Yuyao.Shi Shu— and action.The theory plays a big part in qing,a modern the history of Chinese ideology and has scholar of history influenced many scholars since then.He and archaeol— won many military campaigns.The His— ogy,wrote a pa— tory of the Ming Dynasty says no civil per claiming that ofifcials throughout the Ming achieved Hemudu was the more military exploits than Wang.There relics of Yuyao are three architectures in Yuyao in honor Kingdom where ofWang Yangming. Shun ruled. ChronO1ogica11y,Zhu Shunshui used The ancient to be placed behind Huang Zongxi.After emperor might much research.it is now confirmed that be a legend,but Zhu Shunshui was born ten years before 念碑 people in Yuyao Huang.When the Ming Dynasty collapsed, ment jn honor of Zhu Shunshu pride themselves Zhu Shunshui went to Japan four times in 【county—level city in great on having four great scholars as their four vain to enlist Japanese military support astem Zhejiang,put itself on major ancestral sages:Yan Ziling(birth and in order to restore the Ming.He exiled the world in 1 973 when the death years unknown),Wang Yangming himself to Japan.In 1 665,he was invited emudu relicsinYuyao revealed(1472—1529),Zhu Shunshui(1600—1682) to Mito by Tokugawa Mitsukuni.Zhu sperity ofthe Chinese civiliza— and Huang Zongxi r1610-1695). 特別報道_ taught Confucianism and helped rewrite ears ago? Yan Ziling and Liu Xiu(6BC一57AD) a book of Japanese history.His legacy is 3wever,has been extensively went on a study tour in their early years . influential in Japan.A museum in Mito, mg Chinese scholars since After Liu Xiu founded the Eastem Han Japan has his relics. of the Ming Dynasty.Liang Dynasty(25—220AD) the emperor sent An authoritative instimtion once came ’3-1929),a scholar ofthe late forYanZiling,hopinghisoldfriendwould up with a list oftop ten Chinese ideologists. Y and early Republic ofChina,help urle the country . Yan turned down the Yuyao is proud that Wang Yangming and “A History of Scholarship in royal request repeatedly and retired to lead Huang Zongxi ranked among the top ten. Years of China”that scholars a reclusive life . In the history ofChina.Yan Huang is now considered a pioneer ofChi— had influenced all of China Ziling was admired by scholars one gen— nese democratic thought.In 1 628,he went (i ̄tlnⅢ“ i0㈣ 。27 I l ∽ _口 廠廠] (.) ●__●__—— ∽ 交杭一0 荔. 呈簧翕 ordinary after the Tlan2. As a matter offact,Yuyao boasts six other prominent families that produced many celebrated figures n Chinese his— tory.The six major prominent families in Yuyao are surnamed Wang,Xie,Huang, Sun.Shao and Zhu. In the first half of the 20th century, Yuyao also produced many a well known personage.In the two major rival camps of the Communists and KM Yuyao had a fair share.Yang Xianjiang(1895—1931) was a Marxist theorist and member of the 王陽明《矯亭說》手跡 Some pages fr。m Wang Yangming s manusc ripts Chinese Communist Party.In 1 92 1 he all the way to Beijing and assassinated Xu in the Han Dynasty(202BC一220AD).The Xianchun.who had killed Huang’s father. two brothers were omcials of the Han Dynasty and ten uninterrupted genera— was employed by Commercial Press as editor.in—chief of Students,a magazine The revenge shocked Beijing.When the ized a resistance group.After the failure, published by the press。He worked in this position for six years.He was one ofthe organizers ofthe May 30th Movement and ons of their descendents followed thair ti Qing invaded from the north,Huang organ— footprints.Though Yu Guang and Yu Guo were founding fathers of the family in he retired to Hua’an Mountain and buried himself in scholarship.He wrote many Armed Uprisings of Shanghai Workers. After the revalution failed,he lfed to Japan. Yuyao,it was their grandson Yu Fan(164— was a genera1 of the Wu Kingdom during influential books.The Qing Dynasty of- 233)who ifrst claimed historical afme.He fered to appoint him to important scholastic In 1 929 he returned to China secretly and continued to unde ̄ake secret revolution— positions,which he turned down. It goes without saying that Yuyao has a lot ofmore preeminent ancestors to boast. A local saying says it all:halfa history of the Three Kingdoms years(220—280).He was exiled after he offended the king.Li Bai,presumably the greatest poet of the ary activities.He died of illness in 1 93 1 at the age of36. LouShiyif1905—2001)wasacommunist and man of 1etters.After his studies in Ja— pan he came back to work for the Federa, Tang Dynasty r6】8-907).deplored his misfortune in a poem,thus making him a Ningbo is about Yuyao;half a history of Yuyao is about the Yu family.The legend has it that the Yu family in Yuyao began long——lasting literary metaphor.More de?- scendents of the family made their names in history.But the family became quiet and tion ofLeft—Wing Writers.He was thrown jnto jall in l 933 for his anti-government with Yu Guang and Yu Guo,two brothers activities.After he was released in l 937. he worked as a ioumalist.Atier the found. ing of New China,he served in various important positions.Of these important positions,he worked as vice chairman of People’s Literature Press and vice editor in—chief of the literary month. In the other camp,Chen Bulei(1 890一 l948)from Yuyao is the most famous.A talented iournalist,he made his name in his early 20s.As the number one writer or f KMT,he served as secretary for Chiang Kai—sbek for years.His younger brother Chen Xunci served as director ofZhejiang Provincial Library and another younger brother Chen Xunyu worked as editor— in—chief of the CentraJ News Agency and chairman of Central Dally News.Ironi— cally,Chen Bulei’s daughter Chen Lian was “文獻名邦”石刻揭示了余姚人文歷史的特質。 This stone carving marks Yuyeo as a land of literal and historical data a communist and her husband was also a communist.口 28( im “ a;t tic

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