昆明官渡古鎮景點介紹 中英對照

2024年2月9日發(作者：防走失)

Guandu Old Town

云南昆明官渡古鎮

Guandu Old Town is one of the historic and cultural towns in Kunming area. It is

situated in the southeast suburb of Kunming.

Originally called "Wodong", Guandu ud to be a fishing village by the Lake

Dian. In as early as the Tang Dynasty, Wodong rved as an ideal stop for officials of

the Nanzhao Kingdom (738-937) for sighteing around the Lake Dian. In the

onwards Song Dynasty, Mr. Gao Shengshi, who was the governor of Shanchan City

(name for Kunming in the Song Dynasty), paid frequent visits to Wodong and berthed

his boat on the shore. He later on named Wodong "Guandu" (official ferry) and

brought it under his control, tting up Guandu County and constructing a town.

Major sights of Guandu Old Town can be briefed as “six temples, ven

pavilions and eight shrines”, among which the earliest are Tuzhu Temple and Fading

Temple.

(1)-Tuzhu Temple (tǔ zhǔ miào)

Originally erected in the Nanzhao Kingdom Period (738-937), Tuzhu Temple

covers an area of more than 5,000 square meters and rves as the shrine for Deity

Mahakaya (Da Hei Tian Shen)-a protector of the Nanzhao Kingdom. Mahakaya was

in fact Siva in Brahmanism in Ancient India. After converting into Buddhism, he

became a Buddhist guardian. When Buddhism was introduced into the Nanzhao

Kingdom (Dali Area) from Tianzhu (Ancient India), he was enshrined as a “patron

god” (Tuzhu) by locals of Dali.

(2)-Fading Temple (fǎ dìnɡ sì)

Originally erected in the Nanzhao Kingdom Period (around 756), Fading Temple

underwent renovation in the 21st year of Guangxu Period of the Qing Dynasty. It

covers an area of about 2,500 square meters, consisting of the Main Hall, the Side

Halls, the Wing Rooms and the Gate etc. Being a column-and-tie wooden structure

(Chuan Dou Shi), the main hall ud to be the shrine of Mahakaya. The side halls and

wing rooms are shrines of Buddhist and Taoist deities such as Goddess of Mercy, God

of Fortune and Yuewang King (namely Mr. Yue Fei, a brave general in the Song

Dynasty).

(3)-Miaozhan Temple (miào zhàn sì)-the No. 1 of the six temples

Miaozhan Temple was first constructed in the 27th year (1290) of Zhiyuan

Period of the Yuan Dynasty but was damaged by floods. It was reconstructed and

shifted to the prent site in 1325. There ud to be two 13-storeyed den-eave and

solid pagodas of which the west one has been brought down by earthquake.

One can e a plaque inscribed with "Shao Lin Si" (Shaolin Temple). In 2008,

Guandu District of Kunming and Shaolin Temple bad in Songshan Mountain in

Henan Province signed an agreement, according to which the latter is entitled to take

over for 20 years Miaozhan Temple, Tuzhu Temple, Fa’ding Temple and Guanyin

Temple in Guandu Old Town. Master Shi Yongxin, the Buddhist Abbot of Shaolin

Temple, showed up to attend the opening ceremony of “Guandu Shaolin Temple”.

(4)-Jingang Pagoda (jīn ɡānɡ tǎ)-highlight of Guandu Old Town

Guandu Old Town is usually recognizable by Jingang Pagoda in front of

Miaozhan Temple. Sponsored by Luo Gui, a eunuch who garrisoned in Yunnan in the

Ming Dynasty, it was constructed in 1457. (“Jingang” is a kind of pagoda construction

style originating from India. Buddhist pagodas designed in this style usually compri

two parts: the pedestal and the major part. The pedestal surface appears rectangle or

square while the major part turns out to be a big pagoda surrounded by four small

ones)

The pagoda is said to be erected to vanquish a devastating devil locally called

“Luo Si Guai” (Devil Conch). As the core of the architecture complex of Guandu Old

Town, Jingang Pagoda appears to be the oldest of its kind in China.

Jingang Pagoda is compod of the pedestal and the major part. The surface of

the pedestal is 10.4 meters wide and long, and 4.7 meters high; its ba is hollow and

has four gates spacious enough for vehicles to pass through. The major part of the

pagoda is five pagodas the biggest of which is as tall as 16 meters and the small four

ones all measure 8.84 meters high.

坐落于昆明東南郊的官渡古鎮是一個集文化與歷史于一身的小鎮。

官渡古鎮原名“窩洞”，曾是滇池邊一個漁村。早在唐代，南詔國（公元738-937）官員

官渡作為風景旅游名勝區，成為達官貴人修建行宮別墅，名流賢達光顧流連的寶地。“多少行人此來往，馬蹄踏破五更霜”，“此地酒簾邀我醉，隔船笙鼓送我歸”，古老的官渡沉浸在一片絲竹管弦之聲中。

當然，最早在此駐足的，不僅有南詔、大理國的王公貴族及其侍從，還有與他們形影相隨的宗教文化。官渡建造時間最早的寺廟是始建于唐朝的供奉摩訶迦羅（大黑天神）的土主廟和宋代的法定寺。現在的土主廟大殿體量較大，前廊后廈，穿斗式七檀梁架結構，特別是大殿正面屋檐下的清式九踩四翹如意斗拱，規模宏麗，繁富華美。法定寺體量不大，但舉架較高。斗拱出45度翼形拱，富于裝飾。正面外檐裝飾華麗，明間檐下飾雙鳳朝陽透雕，檐柱頂端飾木雕麒麟，四角梁出頭刻成鳳形狀，造形生動，仍然保留了宋代建筑的風貌，具較高建筑藝術價值。它們都是省級文物保護單位。