淺談具象油畫與寫實油畫

2024年3月7日發(作者：123木頭人游戲規則)

什么是我們提出的“具象油畫”，它與“寫實油畫”的區別是什么？我主張用“具象油畫”（Reprentational Oil Painting）這一概念來替代“寫實油畫”（Realism Oil Painting），將寫實油畫納入具象油畫的范疇中加以重新認識。這是因為中國的寫實油畫已經分化為多樣化的形態，有許多作品已經遠離了“寫實油畫”的原意，許多人看到作品中的形象稍微細膩一些，就稱之為“寫實”。其實，寫實繪畫有兩個基本點，一是面對實物寫生，一是藝術家的想象力創造（即形象與形式的結構組織）。

我們有必要厘清寫實繪畫的本意，在英文中，“Reality”為真實、實在、實體之意，“Realism”有寫實主義和現實主義兩個含義，后者是1950年代受前蘇聯文藝思想影響所引入的，它來源于恩格斯致哈克奈斯的信，是一種特定的文藝創作方法（真實地再現典型環境中的典型人物）。“Realism”的本意應該是寫實主義，即庫爾貝所說的“從本質上來說，繪畫是具體的藝術，它只能描繪真實的、存在著的事物”，它強調的是以科學的方法真實地再現客觀實體。而“Reprent”則有表現、描繪、象征、代表之意，它包含了更廣泛的內涵，所有以形象的表象系統來表征、呈現客觀世界的藝術圖像，都可以納入具象繪畫的范疇。

我所理解的具象繪畫，定位于傳統寫實繪畫和當代抽象繪畫之間。相對于傳統寫實繪畫，當代具象繪畫更強調“呈現”而非“再現”，在寫實繪畫的基本矛盾中，當代具象繪畫更強調藝術家觀念的滲入與主體的創造。相對于抽象繪畫，具象繪畫保持了與自然、形象的視覺聯系，即具象繪畫的創作母題來源于自然對象，在其作品中保持了可視的（哪怕是依稀可辨的）形象，以此來保存寫實繪畫的精髓與奧秘，即寫實繪畫必須在視覺與想象的基礎上建立起與觀眾的基本聯系。具象繪畫與傳統寫實繪畫的差異，使它不再局限于統一的三度幻覺空間，而在二維平面上呈現出形象的多重組合、空間的自由切換、技法、風格的多樣探討，獲得更大的觀念與內心情感的空間。

與抽象繪畫的差異，使具象繪畫保留了現象學意義上的意象呈現，它使得藝術家有可能發揮創造性想象力，將個人對于自然物象的觀察體悟通過多種技法與媒介綜合組織、呈現于觀眾面前，使觀眾摒棄傳統寫實繪畫的“真實之鏡”，直面作品與形象，獲得個人化的獨特審美經驗。由此，具象油畫可以將表現性、敘事性、象征性的繪畫等都納入其中，在空間的組織、形象的變異、媒介的多樣化中，獲得更為廣泛的自由度。

具象油畫的核心概念應該是“形象”（Image）。這里的“形象”，不單是傳統寫實繪畫所描繪的再現對象（物象），也包括藝術家的想象力所創造的可視形象（心象），它意味著藝術家對當代視覺形象資源可以而且必須進行創造性的接受、加工與組合再創，從人類的全部文化傳統中獲得視覺的想象力，而不僅僅停留于眼前的可視之物，這決定了具象油畫的當代性和發展的可能性。

英語翻譯：What is the "figurative painting" that we put forward, it and the

"realist painting," what is the difference? I advocate using Realism Painting (Oil

Painting Reprentational) to replace the concept of "realist painting" (Oil), the

realistic oil painting into the category of figurative oil painting to be re recognized.

This is becau the Chine realistic oil painting has been divided into diversified

forms, there are many works have been far from the "realistic oil painting" the

original intention, many people e the image of the work a little bit more delicate, it

is called "realism" ". In fact, there are two basic points of realistic painting, one is to

face the kind of painting, one is the imagination of the artist to create (that is, the

image and the form of structural organization).

It is necessary for us to clarify the intention of realistic painting, in English,

"reality" is real, real, real meaning, "whom" is realism and realism meaning, which is

in the 1950s by former Soviet Union literary thought influence are introduced. It

comes to Engels by Hackney J letter is a particular literary and artistic creation

method (true reprentation of the typical character in the typical environment).

"Whom" the intention should be realistic, Courbet said, "from the nature, painting is

art concrete. It can only depict real, existing things". It emphasizes is to scientifically

true reproduction of the objective entity. While "Reprent" is a manifestation,

description, symbol, meaning, which contains a more extensive content, all images of

the image system to reprent the objective world, can be incorporated into the

category of figurative painting.

I understand the figurative painting, located in the traditional realistic painting

and Contemporary Abstract painting. Compared with the traditional realistic painting,

the contemporary figurative painting emphasizes the "prent" rather than

"reappearance". In the basic contradiction of realistic painting,

the contemporary figurative painting emphasizes the creation of the artist's idea and

the main body. With respect to the abstract painting, figurative painting to maintain

the natural, vivid and visual contact, namely concrete painting creation origin of

motif in natural objects, in his works maintained visual even vaguely discernible in

the image, so as to prerve the esnce and hidden crets of realistic painting,

realistic painting must establish contact with the audience on the basis of vision and

imagination. The difference between figurative painting and traditional realistic

painting makes it no longer limited to the three degree illusion space, while in the

two dimensional plane, it prents the multiple combinations of images, the space of

freedom, techniques and styles.

Differences and abstract painting, figurative painting retains the

phenomenological n images prented, it makes the artist has the potential to

play a creative imagination, personal obrvations about natural image

understanding through a variety of techniques and integrated media organization,

prented in front of an audience , and make audiences to

abandon the traditional realistic painting "the mirror of truth, face work and the

image, to obtain the personalization of the unique aesthetic experience. Thus,

figurative oil painting can be expresd, narrative, symbolic painting, etc., in the

space of the organization, the image of the variation, the diversity of media, access

to a more extensive degree of freedom.

The core concept of figurative oil painting should be "image" (Image). Here the

"image", not only is depicted in traditional realistic painting reproduction of the

object (object) , including the imagination of the artist to create a

visual image (as), it means artists of contemporary visual image resource can and

must carry out creative acceptance, processing and combined to create, from all

human culture traditional visual imagination, rather than stay in the immediate visual

objects, which determines the figurative paintings of contemporary and development

possibilities.