英語翻譯之合譯法

2024年2月29日發(作者：操場作文)

Chapter 5 Combination（合譯法）

Objectives:

＊To be aware of the major differences between Chine ntence structures and English ones

＊To know about a translating strategy- Combination

＊To learn how to achieve good combination

＊To practice using combination while translating

Main Contents

＊Part I Warm-up Exerci

＊Part II Introduction

Translating Skill: Combination

＊Part III Combination in E-C Translation

A. Words

B. Phras

C. Idioms and Slangs

D. Simple Sentences

E. Compound Sentences

F. Complex Sentences

＊Part IV Combination in C-E Translation

＊Part V Exercis

Part I Warm-up Exerci

Directions: Read the following ntences and try to put them into Chine.

1. In designing advertiments for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.

2. He was very clean. His mind was open.

3. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was riously ill.

4. It smelled a sweet, inten smell of fruit.

5. Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?

Part II Introduction

English and Chine differ greatly in ntence structure. If we follow the original ntence

structure in translation, we may find it hard to reproduce the original thought. In addition to other

ways to deal with this ca, we may rearrange the ntence structure by integrating two words,

phras, or ntences into a single expression or a simple ntence.

Combination is a technique employed to achieve conciness and contractedness in

translation. In combination , we have to determine what to combine, how to combine, what the

subject or the predicate of the new clau or ntence should be, and how to rearrange various

parts of the original ntence.

Part II Combination in E-C Translation （合譯法在英譯漢中的應用）

A. Words （詞的合譯）

This technique is ud to integrate two words of clo meaning into one expression.

Examples:

1. You will supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn’t that fair and square?

譯文：你們出錢，我們出人，這難道還不公平嗎？

2. His father is a man who forgives and forgets.

譯文：他的父親非常寬容。

3. Her son was wi and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish.

譯文：她的兒子非常聰明，可女兒卻很笨。

4. He suffered aches and pains.

譯文：他遭受百般疼痛。

5. He is a man of culture and learning.

譯文：他是個很有學問的人。

Try to translate:

1. He was kindly, generous and obliging.

2. He was jealous and envious of his brother. He rented that his younger brother was so

successful.

B. Phras (固定詞組的合譯)

Examples:

1. All the ones we have en here have four-star abilities with five-star ambitions.

譯文：我們在此看到的所有人都是些眼高手低之輩。

2. He threw on a coat and left home in a hurry.

譯文：他套上一件衣服，匆匆忙忙地離開了家里。

3. I was examined and re-examined.

譯文：我受到再三詰問。

4. Kino hurrying towards his hou, felt a surge of exhilaration.

譯文：基洛加快步伐，興致勃勃地朝自己家走去。

5. The sooner he changes his mind，the better for him.

譯文：還是越早叫他回心轉意越好些。

Try to translate:

1. He likes to make lengthy speech.

2. It’s obvious that she is the one who stands out from the rest.

C. Idioms and slangs（習語、諺語和俚語的合譯）

Examples:

1. To be mindful of personal gains and loss

譯文：患得患失

2. To be on thin ice

譯文：如履薄冰

3. To be wild with joy

譯文：欣喜若狂

4. Beyond cure

譯文：不可救藥

5. To blow one’s own horn

譯文：自吹自擂

Try to translate:

1. To call white black

2. As easy as turning over one’s hand

3. To fish in troubled waters

D．Simple Sentences （簡單句的合譯）

Examples:

1. He has been ill for many years. He died in loneliness finally.

譯文：他病了很多年。他最終在孤獨中死去。

（√） 他生病多年后孤獨的死去。

2. The river is very wide. One cannot e the opposite bank.

譯文：那條河很寬。一個人看不到對岸。

（√） 河寬得看不到對岸。

3. He came back to his hometown. He has left it for quite many years.

譯文：他回到了他的故鄉。他離開它已經很多年了。

（√）他回到了闊別已久的故鄉。

4. He was very stupid. He even didn’t know how to do the simple counting.

譯文：他很笨。他甚至不懂做簡單的算數。

（√）他笨得連簡單的算數都不會。

5. There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South.

譯文：這里這些人都是從全國各地來的。他們當中很多人是從南方來的。

（√）從全國各地來的這些人中有很多是南方人。

Try to translate:

1. He took out a match and lit the candle. A light lit up the darkness.

2. She wasn’t really listening. She was thinking about something el.

3. We are all alike. We all have families.

D. Compound Sentences （并列復合句的合譯）

Examples:

1. In 1844 Engles met Marx, and they became friends.

譯文：1844年恩格斯遇見馬克思，然后他們成為了朋友。

（√） 1844年恩格斯與馬克思相遇并成了朋友。

2. The river ran down to Pisa from Florence, and then it reached the a.

譯文：那條河從佛羅倫薩流到比薩，然后到達大海。

（√）那條河從佛羅倫薩流經比薩入海。

3. It was in mid-August, and the repair ction operated under the blazing sun.

譯文：時間是八月中旬，維修人員在烈日下工作。

（√）八月中旬，維修人員在烈日下工作。

4. Mark wasn’t able to escape from the fire. Neither were the children.

譯文：馬克沒能從火里逃生。孩子們也沒能逃生。

（√）馬克和孩子都沒能從火里逃生。

5. The Post Office was helpful, and Marconi applied in June, 1896, for the world’s first radio

patent.

譯文：郵局提供了幫助，馬可尼于1896年6月獲得了世界上第一項無線電專利。

（√）在郵局的幫助下，馬可尼于1896年6月獲得了世界上第一項無線電專利

。

Try to translate:

1. Neither has Mary wanted to rent a hou，nor does her husband．

2. Overwork may cau physical decline，and then insomnia may result.

3. The time was half past ten, and the traffic on the street was light.

E. Complex Sentences （復雜句及主從復合句的合譯）

Examples:

1. He is not the one who will give up easily.

譯文：他不是一個輕易服輸的人。

2. Our two countries are neighbors who friendship is of long standing.

譯文：我們兩國是友誼長存的友好鄰邦。

3. When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.

譯文：我在談判時總是有些緊張，而我緊張時，就想吃東西。

4. It was my liver that was out of order.

譯文：我的肝臟出了毛病。

5. When we prai the Chine leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.

譯文：我們對中國領導人和中國人民的贊揚不僅僅是出于禮貌。

Try to translate:

1. There many people who want to e the film.

2. I was wandering when I saw a notice outside a Sunday School.

3. The judge said it was difficult to comprehend why the police acted so in this matter.

Part IV Combination in C-E Translation

A. 漢語短句譯為英語復合句

Examples:

1. 對長輩們不能沒大沒小的。祖父是一家之主，尤其要尊敬。

譯文：Show respect to your elders, particularly to your grandpa, head of the family.

2. 戰士們無所畏懼地奮勇向前。他們的腳步很堅定。

譯文：Fighters march forward fearlessly，with firm steps.

3. 我愛北京。我特別愛黎明前的北京。

譯文：I love Beijing, especially predawn Beijing.

4. 男同學在打籃球。女同學在打乒乓球。

譯文：The boys are playing basketball, while the girls are playing ping pang.

5. 湖中有十來枝荷花。荷花上清水滴滴，荷葉上水珠滾來滾去。

譯文：Crystal drops were dripping from a dozen lotus buds in the lake, while beads of water rolled

about the leaves.

B. 漢語復句譯為英語單句

Examples:

1. 這位中國女學生說了一聲“我是中國人”，就悄悄走開了。

譯文：After saying “I am from China”, the Chine girl student went away quietly.

2. 我還年輕，我還要活下去，我還要征服生活。

譯文：Being still young, I want to live on and conquer life.

3. 我家里生活苦，父親做小買賣，媽媽是家庭婦女。

譯文：My family was hard up, with Father a peddler, Mother a houwife.

4. 他父親是二戰中的一個殺人兇手，竟當上了這個城市的市長。

譯文：Her father, a murderer in the Second World War , became the mayor of the city.

Try to translate:

1. 踢足球的，踢足球去了，打籃球的，打籃球去了。

2. 這個方案富于創造性，獨出心裁，很有魄力，他們都很喜歡。

3. 中國是個大國，百分之八十的人口從事農業，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為

山脈、森林、城鎮和其他用地。

Part V Exercis

A. Translate the following ntences into Chine.（詞的合譯）

1. Is it really and truly?

2. She was surprid and taken aback.

3. The room is cozy and comfortable.

4. We must reach our goals and aims.

5. It’s right and proper to do this.

6. He was safe and sound in the earthquake.

7. There is a hard and fast rule against smoking here.

8. He is dead and gone.

9. I am tired and exhausted.

10. We should be open and straight with each other.

11. He shook and trembled with fear.

12. They all agreed that it was fair and square to do so.

13. The are ways and means of propaganda.

14. The food is enough and to spare.

15. I hate all the hustle and bustle.

B. Translate the following ntences into English.（詞組、習語的合譯）

1. 他的房間總是亂七八糟。

3. 他決心洗心革面。

3. 那時候很多人忍饑挨餓。

4 他突然說出些驚心動魄的話來。

5. 他的報告只不過是些陳詞濫調。

6. 別把這當靈丹妙藥。

7 你沒必要低三下四。

8. 他是個粗心大意的家伙。

9. 這不過是癡心妄想。

10. 她說話總是輕聲細語。

11. 那幅畫令人心動神怡。

12. 我并沒有叫你去為非作歹。

13 你怎么能忘恩負義呢？

14. 這里發生了翻天覆地的變化。

15. 他歡天喜地的回家去了。

C. Translate the following ntences into Chine. （句子的合譯）

1. He would miss many things and many people. He would miss Mary.

2. The young man was very mirable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been

stolen.

3. The door was unlocked. Jenny went inside and sat down. She was near collap, barely able to

move her swollen feet.

4. She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and to do the kitchen work.

5. This novel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler.

6. July and August are the months when the weather is hot.

7. While I came to the summit, I became very excited.

8. Confucius was a believer in moral action and in what we today call human development. He

advocated the establishment of harmony within the social order.

9. Young people don’t hesitate to attempt one thing after another. Eager to experiment, they

welcome new ideas. They are restless and alive and never satisfied. They ek perfection.

10. I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as

being irreverent and too familiar. So I put my knees together and let my hands rest looly on

them.

D. Translate the following ntences into English. （漢譯英中的合譯）

1. 方才落了一陣雨，天氣還是悶熱難堪。人們心里還是熱燥燥的，期望著再來一次暴雨。

2. 被觀眾鼓了幾聲掌就飄飄然，就忘乎所以，就成了歌星，就坐飛機，就灌唱片，這簡直是胡鬧。

3. 我在學堂里坐著，心里也悶，不如給他家放牛，倒快活些。

4. 秋天，無論在什么地方的秋天，總是好的；可是啊，北國的秋天，卻特別地來得清，來得靜，來得悲涼。（郁達夫：《故都的秋》）

5. 他停住腳步，轉過身來定眼一看，是個中年婦女，身材高挑，仍然一副好模樣，雖然受了時間的折磨而有點憔悴。