(完整版)現代農林英語課后翻譯

2024年2月29日發(作者：小學班級管理)

現代農林英語課后翻譯

Unit 1 Urban Agriculture

Urban forestry involves (refers to / is concerned with) forestry activities introduced from wildness

and countryside to populous cities where economy, culture, industry and business (commerce) are

aggregated (clustered). Most metropolitan cities are currently prosperous but noisy (clamorous) with deteriorating ecological environment. People living in such a crowded and narrow space suffer from a worning physical quality. To develop urban forestry can beautify living places, purify air,

reduce noi and adjust local climate (microclimate), so that the living quality of urban people can be improved. Generally, urban forestry has provided a new approach to the urban environmental problems.

社區的物質框架結構被稱為它的基礎設施。這些在城市里發揮作用的龐然大物可以被分為綠色和灰色兩種。綠色結構是為喬木、灌木、草地所覆蓋的區域，而灰色結構指建筑、道路、公用事業設備、停車場的所在。綠色結構是滲水的，土壤讓水滲進去，自然地過濾掉污染物，然后水進入河流?；疑Y構卻不能穿透，它迫使水走向地面，入河之前一定要經過處理和清潔。

作為城市綠色結構的樹木，它們的作用和灰色結構不同，但尚無充分文字記載。由于

樹木沒有量化的價值指標，因此沒有把它們考慮進預算程序之中。城市綠色結構的大小、

形態、方位可以被度量，它們在公用事業中發揮的作用可以進行準確計算。

盡管灰綠結構對一個城市都很重要，但利用土地盡力營造綠色結構的社區就能避免更

多污染物，使運營成本效力更高，因此更宜居住。不過對于地方政府管理者來說，平衡灰

色和綠色結構就成為一個很嚴重的挑戰。

Unit 2 Forestry Management

With the development of both economy and civilization in human society, people have greatly improved their knowledge and understanding about forests. They therefore have also dramatically changed their social demands for forestry. As a result, more world attention has been widely paid to the function that forests play to maintain and improve environment. In 1992, UN Conference on Environment and Development bestowed priority on forestry and it became a political promi of the

highest rank. In addition, it was particularly emphasized in the meeting that nothing has been more important than forestry among the problems that the world summit conferences will deal with. It is a distinct milestone in world civilization history to place forestry issues at such a high position.

有關全球熱帶森林遭到亂砍濫伐、令人痛心的報道層出不窮，但是痛陳現存林木狀況

的報道卻少之又少。事實上，聯合國分支機構——國際熱帶木材組織（ITTO）新近開展的一項研究，首次對熱帶森林管理現狀進行深入調查。其發現雖然令人沮喪，但從中我們

還是看到了一線希望。

ITTO 調查的對象是“永久性森林地產”，也就是被ITTO 所屬33 個成員國政府正式

劃作森林地域，從而受到某種形式的管理或保護的土地。它涉及國家森林公園和木材的

特許經營，包括國營和私營。地產總面積達8.14 億公頃，約占全球熱帶森林面積的三分

之二。

此項研究報告的作者之一鄧肯· 玻爾解釋說，這一概念意義重大，因為我們不可能，

也不值得對每一片瀕臨消失的小樹林都一直進行保護以避免其被農田或住宅侵占。相反，

政府應當集中精力養護好那些最具有商業和科學價值的森林。可是ITTO 的研究人員卻發

現，在“永久性森林地產”中，僅15% 有著相應的管理方案，而能堅持貫徹執行這一方

案的不到5%。報告中提到，自1988 年以來，森林管理取得了顯著的進展，因為這不足5%

的面積總共仍相當于一個德國的大小。當年一項粗略的早期調查發現，熱帶地區國家中只

有特立尼達和多巴哥對森林管理較為完善。但是，相對于同期已然消亡的森林而言，這片

管理得當的森林顯得無足輕重。

Unit 3 Biodiversity

China is one of the countries boasting the richest biodiversity and also one of the earliest adopting

the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Chine Government has highly valued the work of biodiversity conrvation by formulating and enforcing a ries of related laws and regulations, so that a legal system on the conrvation and biodiversity has fundamentally formed. In addition, it has established and consolidated the coordination mechanism on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as the scheme of Inter-ministerial Joint Meeting on biological species resources, laid down and issued the National Action Plan on the Conrvation of Biodiversity of China and other related plans in this regard, bad on which various relevant ctors have mapped out and executed their own action plans.

在今年舉辦生物多樣性國際日紀念活動，適逢今年是2011 國際森林年。聯合國大會

宣布今年為2011 國際森林年，是為了讓全球社會了解森林的價值以及失去森林將產生的

極端社會、經濟和環境成本。

森林的益處久遠綿長。森林聚水蓄水，穩定土壤，涵養多種生物，并對調節氣候以及

造成氣候變化的溫室氣體做出重要貢獻。森林為國際生意創造利潤，為全世界數以億計最

貧窮的人民提供必不可少的收入和資源。我們取之于森林者可謂多矣。然而，盡管我們對

這一點的理解和重視日益增加，森林仍然在以驚人的速度消失。今年的生物多樣性國際日則專門強調采取緊急行動的必要性。

Unit 4 Wetlands

There are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important

wetlands. The Chine Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu

Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The world’s largest milu

deer nature rerve is located in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not

many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can e some in the Red-Crowned

Cranes Nature Rerve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands. The temperature in the wetlands is usually

neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places

for wildlife.

濕地并非荒蕪之地

濕地曾被當作荒蕪之地。在過去的大約一百年中，人們把濕地的水抽干填平，然后在

上面建筑房屋，興建城市，修建道路。幾千畝的濕地被抽干，改造成了農田。濕地的另一

威脅來自化學、農藥等的污染?？茖W家推測，自1900 年以來，大約喪失了50% 的濕地，

而僅存的濕地也將或正在惡化。

Unit 5 Agricultural Technology

Agriculture still has the responsibility to feed the world in spite of the rious challenge of climate change. Agriculture needs to produce more food, waste less, and make it easier for farmers to get

their produce to consumers. Besides, agriculture has to find ways/approaches/methods to reduce negative impacts resulted from environmental change - including lowering greenhou gas emissions, planning/managing food curity and rural development as a whole, etc. Only through the development of agricultural high technology can the above be realized/All the are only possible through the development of agricultural high technology.

無土栽培或水培法是一種在營養液（含有營養物質的水）中栽培植物的技術，它可以

使用或不使用人工基質（如沙、礫石、蛭石、巖棉、珍珠巖或鋸末）為植物提供支持。水

培法一詞源于希臘詞匯hydro（水）和ponos（勞作）的結合。

水培園藝如日常園藝一樣容易操作。兩者都需要有充足的光照、水分供應和適宜的溫

濕度。但是水培法不使用土壤。自然條件下，土壤充當著儲存礦物營養的角色，但土壤本

身對植物生長來說并不是必不可少的。當土壤中的礦物營養物溶解于水時，植物根莖才得

以吸收。若植物所需的礦物營養物由人工添加入其水分供應中，土壤就不再是植物茁壯生

長所必需的條件了。幾乎所有的陸生植物都能用水培法來栽種。這種技術還具有產量高、

節水省地、保護環境的特點。

Unit 6 Low-Carbon Agriculture

Chine agriculture has to undergo a low-carbon development with characteristics of being resources-saving, production-clean, environment-friendly and quality-efficiency-oriented. Therefore, in terms of technology, great efforts must be made to develop a ries of key technologies and promote/polarize/generalize/spread their practical application. For example, resources-saving technology

including energy-saving, soil-saving, water-saving, fertilizer-saving, incticides-saving, eds-saving, materials-saving and labor-saving techniques, and so on, technology of reducing the u of agricultural chemicals and developing their substitutes, technology of cultivating new plant species

with a high light absorption and carbon questration, technology of questratrating soil carbon, technology of developing clean energies, clean environment-friendly production technology, technology of nuisance-free proposal and reclamation of wastes, and so on.

農業在食物生產、能源生產、自然資源管理及土地使用各環節中的重要作用使得它在

向低碳經濟轉型的過程中占據了中心位置，因此，測量不同農產品和各種農業活動中產生

的溫室氣體是非常重要的。通過一種從“搖籃到墳墓”的生命周期分析可計算出環境（生

態）腳印。在這一分析系統中，通過量化和評估某一產品生命周期各個階段（從資源的開

發、原材料的使用和生產到該產品的生產、使用、重復使用直至其最終處理）所消耗的資

源和在環境中的碳排放量可以評估該產品所有的潛在環境影響。農業生態腳印也是以這種

方式計算得出的。

Unit 7 Urban Planning

The enactment of the 1989 City Planning Act is a major milestone that tries to re-establish and formalize the urban planning system in China. But, there are still many deficiencies of the urban planning system in dealing with the rapidly changing socio-economic environment. Some of the deficiencies can be traced to the legacies of past planning practice and some are deficiencies of the City Planning Act. Experiments are taking place in Chine cities which aim to provide better guidance to urban planning and development control from a centrally-planned to transitional economy.

自然是一個無處不在且環擁城市的整體。這一理念對城市的建造和維護以及每個居民

的健康、安全和福利都有相當大的意義。不幸的是傳統一直將城市和自然對立起來。城市

是脫離自然的實體，甚至與自然格格不入，這樣的觀念主導著人們對城市的認識并繼續影

響城市的建設，由此惡化甚至帶來許多城市環境問題，例如：空氣和水受到污染；資源枯

竭無法挽回；破壞力大的洪水頻發；能源需求和建設維護成本都高于城市化之前；此外，

許多城市遍布著丑陋景象。除了污染程度、新污染物的毒性和持久性以及地球城市化范圍 等方面，那些困擾著古代城市的問題與現代都市的問題從本質上講沒什么不同。隨著城市

增長，這些問題變得更加緊迫，然而，它們仍被當作是獨立的現象而與人類活動無關，對

自然過程的忽視更加劇了城市問題。

Unit 8 Network Management

Currently, we could hardly live a single day without eing a celebrity spokesperson promoting a product or a social campaign on TV, net or other media. There is no doubt that the celebrity spokespeople could boost the sale of a product. A host of celebrity spokespersons , however, have emerged as the a marketing tool of some companies, even companies producing and lling fake and inferior items. This kind of behavior has produced negative impacts on consumers and whole society which should be verely criticized and penalized. Of cour, as is known to all, everything has both bright and dark sides. Some stars' endorment of social activities and public campaigns rais public awareness, giving ri to changes in public behavior. In this ca, they rve as positive role models of the general public. To name only one ca: Pu CX, a houhold figure, acting as the celebrity spokesman of the China AIDS Foundation, contributes greatly to the cau of AIDS prevention and cure in China.

在任何行業用以獲取信息知識和幫助決策的系統，都應及時或準時地提供準確、完整、

簡潔的信息。系統提供的信息必須具有如下特性：形式對用戶友好、易于查詢、經濟適用，

而且必須防止未經授權的訪問。

信息與通信技術（ICT）包含三種主要技術：計算機技術、通信技術、信息管理技術。

因此能在支持信息的上述特性上發揮重要作用。這些技術用于處理、交換、管理數據、信

息和知識。ICT 提供的工具能夠：

- 以數據格式記錄文本、圖畫、照片、音頻、視頻、過程描寫以及其他信息；

- 以顯著低廉的成本制作上述信息的精確副本；

- 通過通信網絡快速遠程傳送信息和知識；

- 相對快速地開發針對大量信息的標準化計算法；

- 在溝通、評價、制造、分享有用信息和知識方面達到更高的互動性。

Unit 9 Landscape Gardens

Famed for Oriental Venice, Suzhou tops all other cities in both the number and the artistry of gardens. Tracing back to the Spring and Autumn period, the earliest gardens in Suzhou belongs to the

king of Wu. Recorded as the earliest private garden, Pingjiang hou dates 4th century Eastern Jin Dynasties. Following that, Suzhou's art of gardening has undergone a history of 1500 years. Originated from the desire to feel the charm of mountains, forest and springs without going out

of the noisy surrounding of the town, Suzhou gardens are the harmonious combination of nature and constructions. During the prosperous Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of gardens in city increas a great deal, mounting to 200 odd. Dozens of them have survived to the prent and are in a good state of prervation. Among them, the most famous ones are the Surging Waves Pavilion,

the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator Garden and the Lingering Garden, reprenting

the different styles of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties respectively.

盡管中國的園林藝術是精細的，但植物通常都沒有人工加工的痕跡。你找不到裁減得

筆直的樹籬，也找不到幾何圖案的花叢。 歐洲景觀建筑師對植物的濫用，中國建筑師都

給了園林里的房子。自然不經修飾，最突出的特點就是沒有草坪。宏偉的柏樹的林蔭大道，

黃楊的裁減成形，噴泉，所有這些都太折騰自然了。盡管這樣，西方園林都沒有擺脫荒涼

的景象。中國造園的目的是陶醉與欣喜，基本上是智慧的藝術。

Unit10 Ecological Literature

In the northern ocean there is a fish, called the kun, I do not know how many thousand li in

size. This kun changes into a bird, called the peng. Its back is I do not know how many thousand

li in breadth. When it is moved, it flies, its wings obscuring the sky like clouds.

When on a voyage, this bird prepares to start for the Southern Ocean, the Celestial Lake.

And in the Records of Marvels we read that when the peng flies southwards, the water is smitten

for a space of three thousand li around, while the bird itlf mounts upon a great wind to a height

of ninety thousand li, for a flight of six months’ duration.

There mounting aloft, the bird saw the moving white mists of spring, the dust-clouds, and the

living things blowing their breaths among them. It wondered whether the blue of the sky was its

real color, or only the result of distance without end, and saw that the things on earth appeared the

same to it.

If there is not sufficient depth, water will not float large ships. Upt a cupful into a hole in

the yard, and a mustard-ed will be your boat. Try to float the cup, and it will be grounded, due

to the disproportion between water and vesl. So with air. If there is not sufficient a depth, it

cannot support large wings. And for this bird, a depth of ninety thousand li is necessary to bear it

up. Then, gliding upon the wind, with nothing save the clear sky above, and no obstacles in the

way, it starts upon its journey to the south.

當土地上一部分已沒有了積雪，幾個溫暖的日子一過，就把它的表面曬得相當干燥了。

這時的賞心悅目之事，是用這新生之年的嬰兒期中各種初生的柔和的現象，來同那些熬過

了冬天的一些蒼老的植物的高尚的美相比較。長生草、黃色紫苑、針刺草和別種高雅的野

草，往往在這時比它們在夏季里更加鮮明，更加有味，好像它們的美非得熬過了冬才到達

成熟時期似的。甚至棉花草、貓尾草、毛蕊花、狗尾草、繡線草、草原細草，以及其他有

強壯草莖的植物，都是早春的飛鳥無窮的谷倉。至少是像像樣樣的雜草，它們是大自然過

冬的點綴。我尤其被羊毛草穹隆形的禾束似的頂部所吸引；它把夏天帶到冬日我們的記憶

中，那種形態，也是藝術家喜歡描繪的，而且在植物王國中，它的形式和人心理的類型的

關系正如星相學與人的心智的關系一樣。它是比希臘語或者埃及語更古老的一種古典風格。

許多冬天的現象偏偏暗示了無法形容的柔和、脆弱的精致。我們常聽人把冬天描寫成一個

粗莽狂烈的暴君，其實它正用情人似的輕巧的手腳給夏天裝飾著卷發呢。