
直接引語變間接引語(賓語從句)之遲辟智美創作
一.直接引語和間接引語的界說.
直接引語:直接引用他人的話叫直接引語,
間接引語:用自己的話轉述他人的話叫間接引語.
直接引語前后加引號;間接引語不用加引號.
Hesaid,“I’mastudent.”(直接引語)→Hesaidthathewasastudent.
(間接引語)
主句從句主句從句
二.當直接引語為特殊疑問句變間接引語形成賓語從句時,首先要注意用特
殊疑問詞,
其后用陳說語序的句子,同時注意人稱、時態、時間狀語,連接詞,語
序的變動.
(一)人稱的變動規則:一隨主,二隨賓,第三人稱不更新.
一隨主引號內的第一人稱變間引后與主
句主語的人稱保持一致
Hesays,”Ilikemathverymuch.
→Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.
二隨賓引號內的第二人稱變間引后與
主句賓語的人稱保持一致
HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”
→HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly
三不用變引號內的第三人稱在變間引后去
人稱不變
Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”
→Shetoldmethattheywantedhelphim
★(二).時態變動
賓語從句時態變動規則:主現從不限;主過從四過(即4種過去的時態:
一般過去時;過去進行時;過去將來時;過去完成時);客觀真理,只用一
般現在時.
1.主句一般現在時,從句可用任意時態.
2.主句過去時,從句用相應的過去時態.即一般現在時改成一般過去時;現
在進行時改成過去進行時;一般將來時改成過去將來時;一般過去時、現
在完成時、過去完成時改成過去完成時.
3.主句過去時,從句是客觀真理時,只用一般現在時.
Teachertoldus:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth."
Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.
(三).時
間狀語
變動
直接引語間接引語
指示代詞this
the
that
tho
時間狀語now
today
tonight
thisweek
yesterday
lastweek
threedaysago
tomorrow
nextweek
then
thatday
thatnight
thatweek
thedaybefore
theweekbefore
threedaysbefore
thenextday/thefollowingday
thenextweek/thefollowingweek
地址狀語herethere
動詞come
bring
go
take
★(四).連接詞
1.從句為陳說句,常選擇連接詞that或將that省略,直接與主句相連.
2.從句為一般疑問句,常選擇連接詞if或whether.
3.從句為特殊疑問句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問
代、副詞作連接詞.
注意:當who為主語時,句式為:who+謂語+其他
直接引語連接詞例句注意事項
陳說句that
(常省略)
Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”
→Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..
1.連接詞:that
2.引述動詞said,saidtosb
主句的時態從句的時態例句
一般現在時
Hesays
所需的任何時態Hesays,”helikesmathverymuch.
→Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch
一般過去時
Hesaid
直接引語間接引語
一般現在時一般過去時Hesaid,“heisastudent.”→Hesaidthathewasastudent
現在進行時過去進行時Hesaid,“heisreading.”→Hesaidthathewasreading
一般將來時過去將來時Hesaid,“hewillgohome”→Hesaidthathewouldgohome
一般過去時過去完成時Hesaid,“hewenthome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome
現在完成時過去完成時Hesaid,“hehasgonehome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome
過去完成時過去完成時Hesaid,“hehadgonehome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome
toldsb,等
一般疑問句if/
whether.“是
否”
Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”
→Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.
1.改為“陳說語序”.
3.去失落Do,Does,Did
改變Are,Is,Will,Can位置
特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞:
what,who,
why,how,
which,when
Heaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?”
→Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.
Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?”
→HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.
1.改為“陳說語序”
2.去失落Do,Does,Did
改變Are,Is,Will,Can位置
祈使句肯
定
ask(tell)
dosth
Heshouted,“Lily,Clothedoor.”
→HetoldLilytoclothedoor.
1.不用連接詞
2.不改變時態.
3.無須考慮語序
否
定
ask(tell)sb.
nottodosth.
Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”
→Heaskedmenottobelate.
注意:
1.語序不變的有:What’thematterwithyou?What’swrongwithyou?
但What’sthetroublewithyou?的語序要變
1)從句中有or/ornot.例:sheaskswhetherhestayed.
2.只用whether2)與不定式todo連用.例:Ican’tdecidewhethertotellhim
thenews
3)在介詞后.例:theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanaffordthe
newhou
用法是有區另外,但當if/whether同時呈現在選項中的時候,我們要選
whether
★3.賓語從句語序:陳語述序,即:連接詞+主語+謂語+其它.
或連接詞(此時連接詞充任主語)+謂語+其它.
陳說語序中:be動詞、助動詞、情態動詞不能提到主語前.
例:1)canyoutellmewhereisthehospital(錯)
canyoutellmewherethehospitalis.(對)
2)Idon’tknowwhetherdoeshespeakChine(錯)
Idon’tknowwhetherhespeaksChine(對)
3)Iamnotsurewhatcanhedo(錯)
Iamnotsurewhathecando(對)
中考考點:時態、語序、連接詞
練習題
一、填空,每空一詞:
1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.
Hesaidthat_____________havingsupper.
2.“I’veenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.
Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.
3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.
Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.
chersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.
5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.
Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.
6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.
HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.
7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.
Shesaidthatshe_______boughtthecomputertwoweeks_______.
8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?”hesaid.
He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______.
,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere
d,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”
Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthedays?”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.
12“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.
Heasked______________knewwhereshe_______.
13.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.
He_______thechildren______________quiet.
14.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.
Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.
15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.
He______________Iwasinterestedin_______.
二、選擇:
cheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.
g
chertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.
g
3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?
ouknow
nowwhy
oupleatellme_____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?
w
skedhersister____totherailwaystationtoeheroff.
o
ilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.
emoonwent
rthemoonwent
____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.
;;;;totake
edhim____.
ictionarythatwas
ictionarythatis
’smotheraskedher_____.
ethershehadfinishedherhomework
asfinishedherhomework
adfinishedherhomework
shehadfinishedherhomework
now____?
doing
eshedonow
’tknow____tolearnEnglish.
began
begins
dme____.
ldtheweatherbeliketomorrow
eweatherwouldbelikethenextday
weatherwouldbeliketomorrow
uldtheweatherbelikethenextday
’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheniceSpringFestivalprents.
itedwerethey
rehowexcited
dmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.
enoff
noff
ememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?
ebeen
guess____?
tmanis
hatman
dmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.
ortanttheforeignlanguageare
foreignlanguageisimportant
ortanttheforeignlanguageis
ortantistheforeignlanguage
tesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.
;;;;havehad
saskedhiscretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.
;;r;r;not
rhowmuch_____.
pendonhiscar
tinhiscar
謎底
一、填空
,was.在直接引語釀成間接引語時,代詞I要釀成he;主句為過去時態,賓語從句通常
要將時態往后推一個,即現在進行時amhaving釀成過去進行時washaving.
,had,en.直接引語中的saidtosb在釀成間接引語時應改為toldsb;現在完成
時haveen改為過去完成時haden.
,had,gone.直接引語釀成間接引語時,人稱代詞I應釀成she;一般過去時went改
為過去完成時hadgone.
.直接引語釀成間接引語時,若直接引語為客觀真理,則釀成間接引語時時態不變.
,before.直接引語是一般過去時met,釀成間接引語時應改為過去完成時hadmet;時
間狀語yesterday應改為thedaybefore
,there.如直接引語中的謂語動詞含有情態動詞must,釀成間接引語時用hadto;地
址狀語here相應地改為there.
,before.直接引語是一般過去時bought,釀成間接引語時應改為過去完成時had
bought;時間狀語twoweeksago應改為twoweeksbefore.
,if(whether),before.當直接引語是一般疑問句,釀成間接引語時said應改為
asked,然后加上連接詞if或whether;時間狀語lastweek改為theweekbefore.
,could.根據句意第一空應用動詞told;直接引語中含有情態動詞can,釀成間接引
語時應改為could.
,she,had.如果直接引語是特殊疑問句,釀成間接引語時仍用how引導,疑問句語序
改為陳說句語序,一般過去時改為過去將來時.
,I,had,tho.直接引語是特殊疑問句,釀成間接引語時仍用where引導,疑問
句語序改為陳說句語序,現在完成時改為過去完成時,指示代詞the相應地釀成tho.
(whether),I,lived.直接引語是一般疑問句,釀成間接引語時應用if或whether引
導,人稱you和動詞時態lives也相應地釀成I和lived
,to,keep.如直接引語為肯定的祈使句時,在釀成間接引語時,可使用ask[tell,
order]sbtodosth這一結構進行轉換.
,to,look.如直接引語為否定的祈使句時,在釀成間接引語時,可使用ask[tell,order]
sbnottodosth這一結構進行轉換.
,if(whether),that.根據所給的句子,直接引語是一般疑問句,釀成間接引語時,
主句謂語動詞應用asked;再用if或whether引導賓語從句,批示代詞this相應地釀成that.
二、選擇謎底
1—5DBDAB;6—10CDBCC;11—15BBAAD;16—20BCACC
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