高中英語人教版選修八unit4詞匯講解

高中英語人教版選修八unit4詞匯講解

betray[b??tre?]vt.泄露(秘密)；出賣，背叛

常見用法：

1．betray a cret to sb. 向某人泄露秘密

2．betray one’s trust 辜負某人的信任

3．betray onelf 暴露本來面目，原形畢露

例句：

But they betray themlves every time they open their

mouths.

但是，他們每次開口說話時都會暴露自己。

(朗文P168)There are people who are prepared to betray their

country for money.

有些人準備為錢財背叛祖國。

(牛津P174)For years they had been betraying state crets to

Russia.

他們多年來一直在向俄羅斯泄露國家機密。

(牛津P174)She felt betrayed when she found out the truth

about him.

她發現他的真實情況后，感到受了欺騙。

(牛津P174)She betrayed his trust over and over again.

她一次又一次地辜負了他的信任。

練習：完成句子

1.他偽裝得很好，可是一開口說話就原形畢露了。

He had a good disgui，but as soon as he spoke he________

_________.

2.他把朋友出賣給敵人，這使我們非常吃驚。

He________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，which

surprid us all.

答案：

ed himlf

ed his friends to the enemy

condemn [k?n'dem]vi. 譴責；使……注定

常見用法：

1. ～+名詞

condemn one's foolish behaviour 責備某人的愚蠢行為

condemn murder 譴責謀殺行為

condemn the policy of aggression 譴責侵略政策

2.～+副詞

condemn blindly 盲目譴責

condemn indignantly 憤怒地譴責

condemn indiscriminately 不分青紅皂白地責難

condemn mercilessly 無情地譴責

3.～+介詞

condemn as 把…譴責為,宣告(某人)犯有…罪

condemn as traitors 宣告犯有叛逆罪

condemn for 因…而宣告…有罪

condemn for stealing 因偷…被宣告有罪

例句：

(牛津P410)He was condemned to death for murder and later

hanged. 他因兇殺罪被判處死刑后被絞死。

(朗文P412)If you don’t learn from the past，you are

condemned to repeat its mistakes.

如果你不從過去吸取教訓的話，就注定要重復以前的錯誤。

(朗文P412)She knew that society will condemn her for

leaving her children.

她知道社會會因她離棄自己的孩子而譴責她。

練習：

1.英譯漢

Look at this girl with her terrible English：the English that will

condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.

2.

—The media strongly ________the drunken drivers for their

behaviors.

—He derved to be punished.

A．inspected B．condemned

C．calculated D．praid

答案：

1. 你瞧那個姑娘，英語說得那樣糟糕，命中注定要在貧民窟里呆

一輩子了。

2.選B。句意：“媒體強烈譴責醉酒司機的行為。”“他該受

罰。”condemn“譴責”，符合句意。inspect“檢查；視察”；

calculate“計算”；prai“表揚”。

三、

acquaintance [?'kweint?ns]n. 相識；了解；熟人

常見用法：

1．

動詞+～

cultivate sb's acquaintance 刻意結交某人

cut one's acquaintance 與某人絕交

drop one's acquaintance 與某人絕交

establish an acquaintance with sb 結識某人

2．

形容詞+～

adequate acquaintance 充分了解

agreeable acquaintance 令人愉快的相識bowing

acquaintance 點頭之交

casual acquaintance 泛泛之交

3．

名詞+～

business acquaintance 業務上的熟人

chance acquaintance 偶然結識的人

例句：

And I came to England to make your acquaintance!

我也正是到英國來找你的

(牛津P16)Claire has a wide circle of friends and

acquaintances.克萊爾交友很廣。(牛津P16)I am delighted to make

your acquaintance，.貝克太太，我很高興與你相識。

I have some acquaintance with French，but I do not know it

well.我懂得一點法語，但不精通。

My father has a nodding acquaintance with the professor.

我父親與這位教授有點頭之交。

練習：

1.英譯漢All our employees are fully acquainted with safety

precautions.

2.我很久以前一直盼望著與她結識。

I’d been looking forward to ________ ________ ________ for a

long time.

答案：

1.我們所有的雇員都非常熟悉安全預防措施。

her acquaintance

四、

hesitate英 ['hez?te?t] 美 ['hez?te?t] vi. 猶豫；躊躇

常見用法：

te to do

te for a moment

no hesitation in doing sth.

例句：

A gentleman (G)pass and hesitates for a moment.

這時有位先生(簡稱先)從這兒路過，他遲疑了片刻。

(牛津P959)Plea do not hesitate to contact me if you have

any queries.

如果有疑問請盡管和我聯系。

(牛津P959)I didn’t hesitate for a moment about taking the

job.

我毫不猶豫地接受了那份工作。

練習：

1.(2009年高考福建卷)We are at your ’t ________to

turn to us if you have any further problems.

A．beg B．hesitate

C．desire D．Seek

2.英譯漢I have no hesitation in recommending her for the

job.

答案：

1.選B。句意：我們愿意為你效勞。如果你還有什么問題盡管找我

們。beg祈求；desire希望得到(某物)，想要；ek to do sth.努力做

某事。hesitate to do sth. 不情愿做某事。

2.我毫不猶豫地推薦她做這項工作。

五、

compromi ['k?mpr?maiz]ni. & vi. 妥協；折衷

常見用法：

1．

動詞+～

arrange a compromi 準備妥協

agree on〔reject〕a compromi 同意〔拒絕〕妥協

come to a compromi 取得妥協

work out a compromi 制定一個折中方案

2．

形容詞+～

acceptable〔reasonable〕compromi 可以接受〔合理〕的妥

協方案weak〔satisfactory〕compromi 不穩固〔圓滿〕的和解

3．

～+名詞

compromi agreement 折中協議

例句：

(朗文P406)Talks are continuing in the hope that the two sides

will reach a compromi.

為了雙方達成妥協，談判在繼續進行。

(江蘇高考)Most important of all，it is always wi to make

decisions by compromi and agreement.

最重要的是，通過相互妥協相互協商來作決定總是明智的。In my

view，it’s wi of you to compromi with her.

以我看來，你和她妥協是明智之舉。

練習：

1.為了和諧地生活，有時你需要做出讓步。

In order to live in harmony，sometimes you need to ________

________. 2.英譯漢

We are not prepared to compromi on safety standards.

答案：

compromis

2.我們不愿在安全標準問題上妥協。

六、

fortune英 ['f??t?u?n] 美 ['f??rt??n] n．財產，大筆的錢；機會；

運氣常見用法：

1．

動詞+～

affect one's fortune 影響命運

enjoy good fortune 交好運

leave one's fortune with Heaven 聽天由命

share each other's fortune 同甘共苦

2．

形容詞+～

bad fortune 不幸的命運,厄運

changing fortune 多變的命運

good fortune 好運氣

ill fortune 厄運,不幸的命運

3．

介詞+～

by fortune 由于運氣

child of fortune 幸運兒

例句：

(牛津P803)That ring must be worth a fortune.

那枚戒指肯定要值很多錢。

(遼寧高考)But if you don’t work hard，no fortune will come.

但是如果你不努力，機遇是不會來的。

When he was young，he would dream of making a fortune.

當他小時，他常常夢想發大財。

(牛津P803)I was fortunate in having a good teacher.

我很幸運，有位好老師。

練習：

1.英譯漢

Fortunately，his stepmother was very kind to him.

millionaire pasd away, leaving his children with a

large________. A．fortune B．luck

C．money D．amount

答案：

1.幸運的是，他的繼母對他非常好。

2.選A。考查名詞辨析。句意：這位百萬富翁去世了，留給他的孩

子們一大筆財產。a large fortune龐大的財富。money不能和a

large 搭配。

七、

generally

英 ['d?enr?li] 美 ['d?enr?li] adv.一般地；通常；普遍地常見用法：

1．generally speaking一般來說

2．generally labeling一般標記

3．generally accepted普遍承認的

例句：

Generally speaking，people are more polite to tho who

they think are of a higher social class(H)and less polite to tho

they consider are members of a lower class(L)．一般而言，人們對

他們認為是高層社會的人更有禮貌，對于他們認為是低層社會的成員

不太禮貌。

(朗文P860)Generally speaking，older people are less able to

speak up for their rights.

一般說來，年紀大一些的人維護自己權利的能力弱一些。

Honestly speaking，I don’t agree wi th you.

誠實地說，我不贊成你。

It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.

吸煙有害健康，這是大家公認的。

練習：

1.英譯漢Generally speaking，tho who pay attention to

physical exerci are in good health.

2.________，the more expensive the camera，the better its

quality.

A．General speaking B．Speaking general

C．Generally speaking

D．Speaking generally

答案：

1.一般來說，那些注意體育鍛煉的人身體健康狀況良好。

2.選C。本題考查插入語。generally speaking表示“一般來說”。

八、

term

英 [t??m] 美 [t??rm]

n.學期；術語；條件；條款；期限；名詞vt.把... 稱為

常見用法：

1．

動詞+～

accept terms 接受條件

analyze a term 分析一個術語

avoid a term 避免使用術語

carry out terms 履行條件

2．

介詞+～

in terms of 用…的話,以…的措辭,在…方面,從…方面(來說),以…表

示,根據,按照

in any term 無論如何

in clear term 明確地

3．

名詞+～

autumn term 秋季學期

fall term 秋季學期

prison term 服刑期

spring term 春季學期

例句：

Correct all the ntences in terms of grammar，spelling，

etc.，so that she can u them properly.

從語法、拼寫等方面改正這些句子，好讓她使用恰當。

In terms of natural resources，it is one of the poorest

countries in Western Europe.

從自然資源來看，它是西歐最窮的國家之一。

In terms of money I’m quite rich，but not in terms of

happiness.金錢，我富有；幸福，我缺乏。

(牛津P2084)Such a development ems unlikely，at least in

the short term.

發生這樣的情況看來可能性不大，起碼短期之內應當如此。

練習：英譯漢

each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices.

2.I think I am probably quite different from I think

we’re both quite rerved________how much we show our

feelings.

A．in terms of B．in need of

C．in place of D．in spite of

答案：

1.讓每一個孩子根據自己的興趣愛好選擇書籍閱讀。

2.選A。考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我認為我可能與Harry 有很大

的不同。但我認為我們在克制情感的表達這一點上倒有幾分相似。in

terms of 意為“就……來說，從……角度”。in need of 需要；in

place of 代替，頂替；in spite of 盡管，雖然。