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電阻爐的溫度控制系統設計
摘要
電阻爐在冶金工業中的運用相當廣泛,其溫度參數在生產過程中的自動控制系統也隨著微機單片機可控硅技術在工業控制領域的推廣、應用,正朝著高精度、高穩定性、高智能化的方向發展。電阻加熱爐是典型的工業過程控制對象。其溫度控制具有升溫單向性、大慣性、大滯后、時變性等特點，且其升溫、保溫是依靠電阻絲加熱，降溫則是依靠環境自然冷卻。
溫度是工業對象中主要的被控參數之一。尤其是在冶金、化工、機械各類工業中，廣泛使用各種加熱爐、熱處理爐、反應爐等。由于爐子的種類不同，所采用的加熱方法及燃料也不相同，如煤氣、天然氣等。但就控制系統本身的動態特性而言，均屬于一階純滯后環節，在控制算法上基本相同，可采用PID控制或其他純滯后補償算法。但對于電阻加熱爐來說，當其溫度一旦超調就無法用控制手段使其降溫，因而很難用數學方法建立精確模型和確定參數。而傳統PID控制是一種建立在經典控制理論基礎上的控制策略，其設計依賴于被控對象的數學模型，因此對于加熱爐這類控制對象采用傳統PID的控制方案很難達到理想的控制效果。
為了保證生產過程正常安全地進行，提高產品的質量和數量，以及減輕工人的勞動強度，節約能源，對加熱用的各種電爐要求在一定條件下保持恒溫，不能隨電源電壓波動或爐內物體而變化，或者有的電爐的爐溫根據工藝要求按照某個指定的升溫或保溫規律而變化，等等。
因此，在工農業生產或科學實驗中常常對溫度不僅要不斷地測量，而且要進行控
制。在電阻爐溫度控制系統的設計中，應盡量考慮到如何有效地避免各種干擾因素而采用一個較好的控制方案，選擇合適芯片及控制算法是非常有必要的本設計要用單片機設計一個電阻爐溫度控制系統。
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關鍵詞：恒溫；熱處理；控溫系統
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Design for Temperature Control System of Resistance Furnace
Abstract
The resistance furnace in metallurgical industry is widely application, its temperature parameters in the production process of automatic control system with single-chip microcomputer control technology in the field of industrial silicon, the popularization and application in high precision, high stability, high intelligent direction. Resistance furnace is typical of industrial process control object. The temperature control with temperature mono-direction and large inertia, the lag and time-varying characteristics, such as temperature, heat prervation and heat resistance wire depend on environment, cooling is natural cooling.
Temperature is the main objects of accud of parameters. Especially in metallurgy, chemical, machinery, widely ud in various industries of heating furnace, heat treatment furnace, reactors. Becau of the different kinds of heating method is adopted, and the fuel is not identical also, such as coal gas, natural gas etc. But control system dynamic characteristics of itlf, all belong to a first-order lagging pure, in the same basic control al
gorithm, PID control or other pure lag compensation algorithm. But for resistance furnace, when the temperature once overshoot cannot u control means that the cooling, so it is difficult to u mathematical method to establish preci model and parameters. While the traditional PID control is an established in classical control theory, the control strategy bad on its design depend on mathematical model of the controlled objects, so this kind of control for furnace adopts the traditional PID control object to achieve the ideal control scheme.
