2023年12月23日發(fā)(作者:屋檐的檐怎么組詞)

名詞單復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
名詞與可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
一、分類:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
1、可數(shù)名詞:一個(gè)一個(gè)數(shù)得出來的,有復(fù)數(shù)形式
apple --- two apples bus ---two bus chair --- two chairs
box --- two boxes
2、不可數(shù)名詞:無法一個(gè)個(gè)數(shù)出來的,無復(fù)數(shù)形式
1) 多數(shù)物質(zhì)名詞(無法分割,數(shù)不出)
water ice air paper(紙張)milk glass(玻璃)
2) 多數(shù)抽象名詞(虛無縹緲,數(shù)不出)
love friendship(友誼)fun(樂趣)luck music health(健康)
3) 太多太細(xì)(數(shù)不清)
sand salt hair grass(草)rice snow
4) 總稱類名詞(表全體,無法數(shù))
food(食物)waste(垃圾)furniture(家具)poetry(詩歌)
3、多數(shù)名詞既作可數(shù)又作不可數(shù)
apple
作可數(shù):I want to eat an apple.
作不可數(shù):I want to eat apple.
cake
作可數(shù):a cake 一個(gè)(整個(gè))蛋糕)
作不可數(shù):a piece of cake 一塊蛋糕
例子:I want to buy a cake. 我想買一個(gè)蛋糕。(可數(shù))
I want to eat cake. (不可數(shù))
I want to eat a piece of cake. (不可數(shù))
4、有些不可數(shù)名詞在特定情況下有復(fù)數(shù)形式
water--- waters(水體)wind --- winds(一陣一陣的風(fēng))
sand --- sands(沙灘)tea --- two teas(兩份茶水)
5、可數(shù)名詞通常不單獨(dú)使用,需在前面加限定詞(冠詞、代詞、
數(shù)詞、量詞等)或用復(fù)數(shù)形式,省略冠詞除外
There are five students in the classroom.(加數(shù)詞)
There are a lot of students in the classroom.(加量詞)
A hor is very uful.
This hor is very uful.
Hors are very uful.
Hor is very uful. (╳)
二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)讀音
1、大于一即算復(fù)數(shù),如one and a half hours 一個(gè)半小時(shí)
2、元音字母有五個(gè):a、e、i、o、u
3、元音字母中,u不一定都發(fā)元音音標(biāo)開頭
uncle(發(fā)元音音標(biāo)開頭)
usually(發(fā)輔音音標(biāo)開頭)
university(同上)
4、y雖為輔音字母,放詞尾常發(fā)元音
baby sky
5、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的讀音:清音后讀/s/,元音或濁音后讀/z/,“嘶”(/s/、/z/、/?/、/?/、/t ?
/、/d?/)音后讀/iz/
books / b?ks/(讀清音)brothers /'br?e?z/ (讀濁音)
beds /bedz/(讀濁音)oranges / '?r?nd?iz /(“嘶”音后,讀/ iz /)
三、規(guī)則變化
1、一般直接加-s
book --- books table --- tables orange --- oranges
2、輔音加y結(jié)尾的詞,把y改成i再加-es
baby --- babies city --- cities
lady --- ladies sky --- skies
注:元音加y結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-s
boys days
為什么要把y先改成i再加-es?
原因:
1)y是半元音,即有時(shí)發(fā)輔音,有時(shí)發(fā)元音,若不變i會被誤認(rèn)為發(fā)輔音
year(發(fā)輔音)yellow(發(fā)輔音)
baby(發(fā)元音)city(發(fā)元音)
babys(被誤以為y發(fā)輔音)
citys(被誤以為y發(fā)輔音)
2)如果不變成i會違反英語拼寫規(guī)則
英語拼寫規(guī)則:輔音字母寫在一起不能超過三個(gè),如school,spring,street
skys(四個(gè)輔音字母寫在一起)
3、以發(fā)“嘶”音的字母(s、x、sh、ch)結(jié)尾的詞,加-es,讀成/iz/
bus --- bus box --- boxes brush --- brushes watch ---
watches
注:stomach因?yàn)閏h不發(fā)“嘶”故直接加-s,即stomachs
為什么要加-es?
1)為了讓聽者能辨別是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)
boxs(聽不出是復(fù)數(shù))boxes(一聽就知道是復(fù)數(shù))
watchs(聽不出是復(fù)數(shù))watches(一聽就知道是復(fù)數(shù))
2)為了拼寫上不被誤認(rèn)為是雙寫s或違反拼寫規(guī)則
boss --- boss(bosss違反拼寫規(guī)則,同一個(gè)字母最多連寫兩個(gè),如apple)
bus若加-s,變成buss,會被誤以為buss是一個(gè)單詞
bus(一看就是bus的復(fù)數(shù))
4、輔音字母加o結(jié)尾,多數(shù)加-es,少數(shù)(特別是外來詞和縮略詞)加-s
加-es:tomatoes potatoes heroes
加-s:pianos(外來詞,來自意大利語
photos(photograph的縮寫)
注:元音加o結(jié)尾的,直接加-s
zoos radios
5、f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,多把f或fe改成v再加-es(特別是發(fā)長音的),少數(shù)直接加-s (多為發(fā)短音),極個(gè)別有兩種形式
加-es:knife --- knives wife --- wives
wolf --- wolves leaf --- leaves
加-s:roofs屋頂proofs證據(jù)
兩種形式均可:handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves手帕
為什么要把f或fe變v再加-es?
原因:方便發(fā)音,以免斷氣
knifes(讀完沒氣了)knives(讀完肚子還有氣)
6、不規(guī)則變化
1)有man的單詞,把man變men
man --- men woman --- women(注意讀音)
policeman --- policemen Englishman --- Englishmen
注:German不屬于詞類,故直接加-s,即Germans
2)oo變ee(鵝用牙齒咬你腳)
goo --- gee鵝
tooth --- teeth牙齒
foot --- feet腳
3)公牛孩子和老鼠,復(fù)數(shù)最特殊
ox --- oxen公牛
child --- children 孩子
mou --- mice 老鼠
4)單復(fù)數(shù)同形
sheep綿羊fish魚deer鹿
-e結(jié)尾的表某國人的名詞:Chine,JapaneVietname(越南人)
3、有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)(多為由兩部分組成的名詞)
,
glass眼鏡(兩塊鏡片)trours褲子(兩個(gè)褲筒)
pajamas睡衣(連衣帶褲)
(四)不可數(shù)名詞
1、要表數(shù)量時(shí)需加量詞,表“幾個(gè)”含義,量詞需變復(fù)數(shù)
water
a bottle of water two cups of water
bread
a piece of bread two pieces of bread
paper
a piece of paper two pieces of paper
2、僅僅表示一些,可some、much、a lot of修飾(不可用many)
some water一些水much water 一些水 a lot of water很多水
3、有時(shí)不可數(shù)名詞也可以變復(fù)數(shù),表“多份”、“很多”
two beers兩份啤酒
two coffees 兩份咖啡
waters各種各樣的水
名詞單復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí):把下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)
coat _______ skirt _______ hou _______ car ________ brush
_______ box _________ toy _______ umbrella _________ ticket ________
class _________ classroom _______ teacher _________ son ___________
student _______ job _________ orange_________ class __________
monkey __________ piano _________ child ___________
country _________ family ___________ toy ____________ foot
___________
fox
Japane ___________
woman
radio ____________photo
___________
____________ tomato ____________
___________ _____________knife
sheep_____________
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
注:英語的時(shí)間要通過謂語動詞體現(xiàn)出來(形合句特點(diǎn)),中文
則不用(意合句)中文:我昨天去學(xué)校。
我今天去學(xué)校。
我明天去學(xué)校。
英語:I went to school yesterday.
I go to school today.
I will go to school tomorrow.
1、作用:表示一般性、經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài),偶爾表將來
I get up early every day.
She is my English teacher.
2、構(gòu)成:
1)be動詞:am、are、is
am用于第一人單數(shù):即I
I am a student. = I’m student.
I’m not a student.
are用于第二人稱及所有復(fù)數(shù):即you,we,they
You are late. = You’re late.
We are students. = We’re students.
They are not here. = They’re not here.
is用于第三人稱單數(shù):即he,she,it
He is a student.
She is a worker.
It is my book.
2)其他動詞:動詞原形(按字典的寫法)
We go to the park every week.
注:has用于第三人稱單數(shù),have第三人稱單數(shù)以外的情況
He has a new bike.
We have a new school.
3)第三人稱單數(shù):需在動詞后加s(同名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法)
He goes to the theatre every week.
She does morning exerci every day.
John plays the piano every night.
3、常用時(shí)間狀語(表習(xí)慣性)
always總是、often經(jīng)常、usually通常、every
morning/day/week每天早上/每天/每周、sometimes有時(shí)、from
time to time時(shí)不時(shí)、twice a week一周兩次、ldom
很少、never從不
4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的具體應(yīng)用:習(xí)慣真理和瞬間,書評將來也可用
1)表習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的事
He gets up at 7:00 every morning.
2)表示真理性、客觀性的事
Light goes faster than sound. 光比聲音傳播得快。
The moon moves round the earth. 月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量。
3)表瞬間發(fā)生的事
Tom pass the ball to John. John shoots. What a goal!
湯姆傳球給約翰。約翰射門。球進(jìn)了!
4)用寫書評、讀后感
I finished reading a book yesterday. It is about a little princess.
Her mother dies when she is young.
5)表示安排好的將來一定發(fā)生的事(詳見一般將來時(shí)專題)
Now it’s 8:00. The train leaves at 10:00.
The final exam is in next week.
一般現(xiàn)在是練習(xí):用所給詞的正確形式填空
1. We often___________(play) on the playground.
2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.
4. What_________ (do) he usually _____(do) after school?
5. Danny ________(study) English, Chine, Maths, Science and
Art at school.
6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she ________(watch) TV with his parents.
8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
9. How many lessons _________ your classmate__________(have)
on Monday?
10. What time ________his mother_________(do) the houwork?
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