2024屆高考一輪復習英語學案(人教版)選擇性必修第三冊:Adversity and

2023年12月24日發(作者：農村教師)

Ⅰ.認閱讀單詞

1．adversity n．困境；逆境

2．expedition n．探險；遠征；探險隊

3．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力

4．cupboard n．櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜

5．steward n．(輪船、飛機或火車上的)乘務員；服務員

6．crush vt.毀壞；壓壞；壓碎 n．擁擠的人群

7．stove n．爐具；廚房灶具

8．banjo n．班卓琴(樂器)

9．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行

10．navy n．海軍；海軍部隊

11．decent adj.相當不錯的；正派的；得體的

12．cosy adj.溫馨的；舒適的

13．crew n．(輪船、飛機等上面的)全體工作人員；專業團隊；一群人

14．rugby n．橄欖球運動

15．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社團的

16．navigator n．領航員；(飛機、船舶等上的)航行者

17．episode n．(人生的)一段經歷；(小說的)片段；插曲

18．motive n．動機；原因；目的

Ⅱ.記重點單詞

1．wage n．工資

2．bitter adj.嚴寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的

3．vigour(＝vigor) n．精力；力量；活力

4．sink vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉沒；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉沒

5．abandon vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；遺棄

6．blanket n．毯子

7．mirable adj.痛苦的；令人難受的

8．good/bad-tempered adj.脾氣好的/壞的

9．genuine adj.真正的；真誠的；可信賴的

10．thorough adj.深入的；徹底的；細致的

11．furniture n．家具

12．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫聲；厲聲質問

13．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板擊球；揮打；拍打

14．damp adj.潮濕的；濕氣重的

15．recreation n．娛樂；消遣；游戲

16．nephew n．侄子；外甥

17．rough adj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的

18．motor n．發動機；馬達 adj.有引擎的；機動車的

19．candidate n．候選人；應試者

Ⅲ.知拓展單詞

1．qualified adj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學歷等)→qualify v．(使)具有資格；(使)合格→qualification n．資格；資歷；資格證書

2．enthusiastic adj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiastically adv.熱情地→enthusiasm n．熱情；熱忱

3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)→board v．上船(或火車、飛機、公共汽車等)；寄宿 n．木板；董事會；伙食

4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任務；作業；分配

5．envy n．& vt.羨慕；妒忌→envious adj.忌妒的；羨慕的

6．belongings n．[pl.]財物；動產→belong vi.屬于；應在(某處)

7．lfish adj.自私的→lfishly adv.自私地→lfishness n．自私

8．perverance n．毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神→pervere vi.堅持；孜孜以求

9．resolve vi.& vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難) n．決心；堅定的信念→resolution n．決議；解決；堅定；決心

10．cruel adj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.殘忍地；殘酷地→cruelty n．殘忍；殘酷

11．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遺憾地→fortunately (反) adv.幸運地→fortune n．運氣；財產→fortunate adj.幸運的

12．guidance n．指導；引導；導航→guide n．導游；指南 vt.帶領；引導；為……領路

13．advertising n．廣告活動；廣告業→adverti vt.& vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→advertiment n．廣告；宣傳

14．loyal adj.忠誠的；忠實的→loyalty n．忠誠；忠實

15．commitment n．承諾；保證；奉獻→commit vt.犯(錯誤、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承擔義務；(使)作出保證→committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅定的

1．mess n．凌亂

2．midnight n．午夜

3．mild adj.溫和的；輕微的

4．mineral n．礦物質，礦物

5．minister n．部長；牧師

6．minority n．少數；少數民族

7．misleading adj.誤導性的

8．mixture n．混合；混合物

Ⅳ.背核心短語

1．turn sb down拒絕(某人)

2．make fire生火

3．give off放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)

4．dream of/about夢想

5．at the age of在……歲時

6．be enthusiastic about對……充滿熱情

7．become/be stuck in陷于

8．throw away扔掉

9．manage to do sth 設法做成某事

10．go from bad to wor每況愈下

Ⅴ.悟經典句式

1．Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.(全部倒裝)

以下是布萊克博羅的一些日記摘錄。

2．Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our

most esntial supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and

blankets.(before引導的時間狀語從句)

在我們棄船之前，沙克爾頓鎮定地把我們召集在一起，告訴我們要搶救最需要的供給品——小船、食物、爐子、蠟燭、衣服和毯子。

3．How could I become as lfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！(as...as...)

我怎么能變得像托馬斯·奧德利斯一樣自私和脾氣暴躁呢！

4．It will eventually lead to success as long as you pervere.(as long as 只要)

只要你堅持，最終就會成功。

5．If it weren’t for a animals，we would all starve.(if引導的虛擬條件句)

要是沒有海洋生物，我們都得挨餓。

請先從表格中選用本單元所學詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。

qualified，resolve，aboard，fortunate，sink，enthusiastic

Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that

he hardly meets with cruel has been dreaming of an adventure since he was

18，Jack ed to join an expedition advertid in the newspaper，but the leader

turned him down becau he thought Jack was not of vigour，Jack never

abandoned his dream for he was so iastic about a great 19，he joined the navy

and was assigned to be a steward with low a bitter cold day，the crew went a

massive ship bound for Atlantic was genuine，good-tempered and loyal and he

wasn’t lfish， often played the banjo for tho who were on the ship all

liked unately，one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge

the ship sank，their hearts also that time，the calm captain made a

commitment to save them and commanded them to throw away their belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of y，they were ate enough to

escape the was their endurance，resolution and perverance that helped them

the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，which gave off a smelly smell and

then he cooked a month later，they were saved by a passing summary，it has

been a mirable but unforgettable episode in Jack’s life.

提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯

enthusiastic adj.熱情的；熱心的(enthusiastically adv.熱情地；熱心地 enthusiasm n．熱情；熱忱)

?be enthusiastic about(doing)sth 對(做)某事熱情

?lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充滿熱情

with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)熱情地

(1)He is lfish and bad-tempered and thus，he will never be enthusiastic about helping tho in

trouble.

(2)我不僅充滿熱情而且容易相處，這使得我能勝任報紙上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申請信之個人優勢)

I am not only full of enthusiasm but also easy to get along/on with，which makes me qualified for

the voluntary work advertid in the newspaper.

(3)盡管失敗了幾次，伯納德和約翰仍然熱情地做爆米花。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續寫)

Bernard and John still made popcorn enthusiastically/with enthusiasm in spite of veral failures.

aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)[board vt.& vi.上船(或火車、飛機、公共汽車等) n．木板；董事會；伙食 broad adj.寬闊的；廣闊的 abroad adv.在/到國外；在/到海外]

?go aboard上船(飛機、火車等)

?on board 在船(火車、飛機等)上

?go abroad出國

(1)他身材高大，肩膀寬闊，留著胡子，總是滿面笑容。(讀后續寫之外貌描寫)

He is tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wears a broad smile.

(2)得知你將去國外深造，我寫信告知你一些必要的注意事項。(應用文寫作之告知信)

Learning that you will go abroad for further study，I’m writing to inform you of some necessary

do’s and don’ts.

(3)這對年輕夫婦一上船，他們就吃東西、說話、大笑，好像他們是這世界上僅存的人。

①The instant the young couple went aboard the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly

as if they were the only people in the world.(aboard)

②The instant the young couple boarded the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as

if they were the only people in the world.(board)

envy n．& vt.羨慕；妒忌(envious adj.忌妒的；羨慕的)

?with envy羨慕地；忌妒地

green with envy忌妒地眼紅；十分羨慕/忌妒

?envy sb (doing) sth 羨慕/妒忌某人(做)某事

?be envious of羨慕；妒忌

(1)He said with envy，“I am envious(envy) of you，becau you are leading such a cosy and

decent life.”

(2)老實說，我真羨慕你獲得了優秀畢業生的稱號，我應該向你學習。

Honestly speaking，I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow

your example.

(3)李明不僅學得快，而且善于用邏輯思維解決難題，我十分羨慕。

Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving tough problems with logical

mind.I am green with envy.

abandon vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄 n．放任；放縱(abandoned adj.被遺棄的；放縱的)

?abandon onelf to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事；縱情于(做)某事

abandon doing sth 放棄做某事

?be abandoned to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事

(1)He abandoned asking(ask) for his guidance，which was beyond our expectations.

(2)I abandoned mylf to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term

examination.

①Abandoning mylf to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term

examination.(用現在分詞短語作狀語改寫)

②Abandoned to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)

resolve vi.& vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難) n．決心；堅定的信念(resolution n．決議；解決；堅定)

resolve to do sth 決定做某事

(1)The steward made a resolution(resolve) to visit his relatives more often.

(2)文化遺產代表我們祖先的智慧，因此我們國家已經決定不遺余力地保護它們。(話題寫作之文化遺產與保護)

Cultural relics reprent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country has resolved to spare no effort

to protect them.

(3)為了解決沖突，我們應該學會多溝通，設身處地為他人著想。(話題寫作之人際溝通)

To resolve conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourlves in others’ place.

as...as... How could I become as lfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！我怎么能變得像托馬斯·奧德利斯一樣自私和脾氣暴躁呢！

as...as...意為“和……一樣……”，表示同級比較。其中第一個as為副詞，第二個as為連詞或介詞。其基本用法為：as＋adj./adv.＋as...，還有如下用法：

?否定式：not as/so＋adj./adv.＋as...

?倍數＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...

?as much/many＋名詞＋as...

(1)他和我一樣勤奮，因此，他已取得了和我一樣多的進步。

He is as hard-working as me，so he has made as much progress as me.

(2)我們投入的時間和精力是其他同學的兩倍，所以我深信老師們會高度評價我們的項目。

(2022·浙江1月，讀后續寫)

We devoted twice as much time and energy as other students did，so I was greatly convinced that

our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.

(3)在我看來，這本書沒有你認為的那么有趣。

As far as I am concerned，the book is not as/so interesting as you think.

if引導的虛擬條件句If it weren’t for a animals，we would all starve.要是沒有海洋生物，我們都得挨餓。

本句為if引導的虛擬條件句，敘述與現在事實相反的假設。虛擬語氣在if虛擬條件句中的運用如下：

?與現在事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞一般用were)，主句謂語動詞用“would/could/should/might＋動詞原形”。

?與過去事實相反，從句謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”，主句謂語動詞用“would/could/should/might＋have＋過去分詞”。

?與將來事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去式、were to do或should do，主句謂語動詞用“would/could/should/might＋動詞原形”。

(1)受邀在這里發表演講我倍感榮幸。今天我的演講主題是“如果我是一名環衛工人”。如果我是一名環衛工人，我會讓我們的城市更干凈，讓街上沒有任何垃圾。(應用文寫作之演講稿)

I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a the topic of my speech is “If I were a

dustman”．If I were a dustman，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street.

(2)如果他們開車多走幾公里，就有可能找到一個更好的賓館。

They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.

(3)如果我明天看到他，我就會告訴他我在昨天舉行的比賽中獲得了第一名的好消息。

If I saw/were to e/should e him tomorrow，I would inform him of the good news that I ranked

first in the competition held yesterday.

1．The cond group did high-intensity aerobic exerci under the guidance of a trainer for four or

more days a week.(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)

第二組在教練的指導下每周進行4天或更多的高強度有氧運動。

2．Fortunately for tho in midlife，Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an

enthusiastic exercir，getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.

(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)

萊文發現，對于那些中年人士來說，幸運的是，即使你不是一個熱情的運動愛好者，現在保持體型可能有助于改善你老化的心臟。

3．The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel

abandoned.(2022·全國乙)

在新環境中的人應該同情你的朋友可能感到被拋棄的事實。

4．Our findings suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it is not a result

of egocentrism.(2022·全國乙)

我們的研究結果表明，當一個孩子用毯子蓋住她的頭來“隱藏”時，這不是自我中心主義的結果。

5．The adorable female calf is the cond black rhino born this year at the rerve，but it is too early

to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the

wild.(2021·全國甲)

這只可愛的雌性小犀牛是今年在該保護區出生的第二只黑犀牛，但現在判斷這些小犀牛是否會被送回野生保護區還為時過早。

提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯

Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙

1．rough

A.洶涌的；風浪很大的 B.崎嶇的 C.粗略的 D.艱難的 E.粗魯的

(1)I can’t tolerate sailing in rough a. A

(2)According to a rough estimate，about fifty als starve to death annually. C

(3)I don’t know how to relea the pressure in such a rough time. D

(4)The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now. B

(5)He is such a rough child that he doesn’t behave himlf. E

2．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思

(1)To my sadness，my son was abandoned to smoking and drinking.沉湎于

(2)She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make up for her former mistakes.真誠的

(3)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.洗滌槽，水槽

Ⅱ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識

1．My heart sank/sunk(sink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in failure.

2．When I submitted the regulations I designed to my boss，he turned me down immediately.

of workers are qualified(qualify) for their jobs in the international firm.

4．Our monitor is enthusiastic about creating a harmonious campus and he often launches some

campaigns to promote it.

5．The policies will be abandoned(abandon) becau of financial problems next year.

6．We have resolved to reduce(reduce) our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon

dioxide our lifestyles produce.

7．Fortunately(fortunate)，I succeeded in izing this precious chance to be a volunteer in the

activity.

8．I promi that I will be loyal to the enterpri and I will never quit my job.

9．Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conrvation becau they won’t give off waste

gas.

10．The enterpris have thoroughly(thorough) implemented what they have promid to the public.

Ⅰ.單句寫作——應用文增分練

話題寫作之人際交往

1．以下是我最近一直在經歷的事情。(全部倒裝)

Below is what I have been experiencing recently.

2．我一直和我的同學相處得不好，我不知道如何和他們一樣熱情地交流。(as...as...)

I have been getting on/along badly with my classmates and I don’t know how to communicate as

enthusiastically as they do.

3．在我的老師們幫助我之前，我一直茫然失措。(before引導的時間狀語從句)

Before my teachers helped me，I had been at a loss.

4．我親愛的老師們一直告訴我：“只要你足夠自信，抓住每個和別人聊天的機會，你就可以改變這種情況。”(as long as)

My dear teachers kept telling me，“As long as you are confident enough and grasp every chance to

chat with others，you can transform the situation.”

5．如果老師們沒有幫助我，我就不會和我的同學們做朋友。(if引導的虛擬條件句)

If the teachers hadn’t given me a hand，I wouldn’t have made friends with my classmates.

Ⅱ.微型寫作——續寫提能練

教材續寫語料

1．情感描寫

cosy adj.溫馨的；舒適的

mirable adj.痛苦的；令人難受的→mirably adv.痛苦地

good/bad-tempered adj.脾氣好的/壞的

genuine adj.真正的；真誠的；可信賴的

bitter adj.嚴寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→bitterly adv.傷心地；憤恨地；極其

enthusiastic adj.熱情的；熱心的

envy n．& vt.羨慕；妒忌→envious adj.忌妒的；羨慕的

lfish adj.自私的

cruel adj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的

loyal adj.忠誠的；忠實的

commitment n．承諾；保證；奉獻→committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅定的

2．動作描寫

sink vi.沉沒；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉沒

abandon vt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；遺棄

bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫聲；厲聲質問

resolve vi.& vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)

續寫語料運用

請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯，完成以下語段。然后核對答案并背誦該語段。

得知兒子湯姆沉溺于電腦游戲，媽媽的心一沉，接著傷心地哭了起來。接著，她勃然大怒，厲聲質問湯姆，“你一直都是一個如此好脾氣、真誠、熱情、忠誠的孩子，其他人都羨慕你?！睖吠纯嗟爻槠溃骸拔也恢廊绾谓鉀Q上次考試完全失敗的問題。”聽到這里，媽媽沖向湯姆，把他攬入懷中，拍著他的后背，喃喃細語道：“只要你致力于學習你會取得更大進步的。”

Learning that her son，Tom，was abandoned to computer games，the mother’s heart sank and

then wept ，she exploded with anger and barked questions at Tom，“You are always

such a good-tempered，genuine，enthusiastic and loyal boy that others envy you.” Tom sobbed

mirably，“I don’t know how to resolve the complete failure in the last exam.” Hearing this，the mother hurried to Tom，gathered him into her arms and patted him on the back，murmuring，“As long as you are committed to your study，you can make much more progress.”