研究生英語精讀教程(第三版_上)第6單元英文原文及翻譯和課后答案_百

2023年12月29日發(fā)(作者：種瓜得豆)

Unit Six

Two Truths to Live By

Hold fast, and let go:understand this paradox*, and you standat the

very gate of wisdom

Alexander M. Schindler

[ 1 ] The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a

paradox: it enjoins* us to cling to* its many gifts even while it ordains* their eventual

relinquishment*The rabbis* of old put it this way: "A man comes to this world with

his fist clenched*, but when he dies, his hand is open."

[1] 生活的秘訣在于懂得何時抓緊，何時放松。因為人生就是一對矛盾：它既令我們抓緊人生的多種賜與，同時它又要我們到頭來把這些賜與放棄。老一輩猶太學(xué)者是這樣說的：“ 一個人握緊拳頭來到這個世界，但他卻是松開手掌離開這世界的。”

[ 2 ] Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous*, and full of a beauty

that breaks through* every pore* of God's own earth. We know that this is so, but all

too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember

what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.

[2] 毫無疑問，我們應(yīng)該牢牢抓住生命，因為它奇妙，它有一種在上帝創(chuàng)造的世界里無孔不入、無處不在的美。我們大家都知道這一點。可我們卻常常是在回首往事想起它時，才能認識這一真理。此時我們會突然發(fā)覺它已不復(fù)存在了。

[ 3 ] We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned*. But we remember

with far greater pain that we did not e that beauty when it flowered, that we failed

to respond with love when it was tendered.

[3] 我們能記起已經(jīng)凋謝的美、已經(jīng)消逝的愛。可是，我們更痛苦的回憶是：我們沒有看見頂峰時的美，沒有在別人以愛對我之時也以愛回報。

[ 4 ] A recent experience re-taught me this truth.. I was hospitalized* following a

vere heart attack and had been in intensive care for veral days. It was not a

pleasant place.

[4] 最近一次經(jīng)歷又使我領(lǐng)悟到了這個真理。一場劇烈的心臟病發(fā)作后，我被送進醫(yī)院，接受了幾天精心護理。醫(yī)院可不是一個使人愉快的地方。

[ 5 ] One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines

were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled

across the courtyard on a gurney*.

[5] 一天上午，我得加做幾項檢查。我要用的醫(yī)療器械安裝在醫(yī)院另一端的大樓里。所以我只有坐輪椅穿過院子才能到達那里。

[ 6 ] As we emerged from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That's all there was to my

experience. Just the light of the sun. And yet how beautiful it was--how warming,

how sparkling*, how brilliant!

[6] 當我們走出病房時，陽光正照在我身上。就我實際的經(jīng)歷而言，當時也沒有什么別的。只不過就是陽光。而這時的陽光是多么美麗、多么溫暖、多么耀眼、多么輝煌!

[ 7 ] I looked to e whether anyone el relished* the sun's golden glow, but

everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the I

remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to* the grandeur* of each day,

too preoccupied* with petty* and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the

splendor* of it all

[7] 我打量著別人是否也在欣賞著這太陽的金色光芒。可是，人人都來去匆匆，大多數(shù)人的目光只盯在地上。這時我想到自己過去又何嘗不是往往對每天的壯觀景象視而不見，一頭埋在細小的，有時甚至是卑鄙、自私的事務(wù)中，而對日常的奇觀麻木不仁呢?

[ 8 ] The insight* gleaned* from that experience is really as commonplace* as was

the experience itlf: life's gifts are precious ----but we are too heedless* of them.

[8] 從這次經(jīng)歷所獲得的頓悟確如經(jīng)歷本身一樣的平凡。生命的賜予是寶貴的，可惜我們對它們太掉以輕心了。

[ 9 ] Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never too busy

for the wonder and the awe* of life. Be reverent* before each dawning day. Embrace

each hour. Seize each golden minute.

[9] 這就是人生向我們提出的矛盾要求的第一個方面：不要因為太忙就忽視了生活中令人驚奇、令人敬畏的東西。每天黎明開始就要恭謹從事。抓緊每個小時，捉住寶貴的每一分鐘。

[ 10 ] Hold fast to life ... but not so fast that you cannot let go. This is the cond

side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our loss, and

learn how to let go.

[10] 緊緊抓住生活——可不要緊得使你不能松手。這就是生活的另一面——矛盾的另一方：我們必須接受損失，學(xué)會放松。

[ 11 ] This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think

that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our

passionate* being can, nay, will, be ours. But then life moves along to confront* us

with realities, and slowly but surely this cond truth dawns upon* us.

[11] 這并不是容易學(xué)到手的一課。特別是當我們年輕時，認為世界是由我們掌握的。只要我們自己滿腔熱情、全力以赴地去渴求，不管什么東西都能夠——不，一定會——得到。但是，隨著生活繼續(xù)前進，我們不斷地面臨各種現(xiàn)實，慢慢地但也是肯定地使我們明白了第二條真理。

[ 12 ] At every stage of life we sustain loss -- and grow in the process. We begin

our independent lives only when we emerge from the womb* and lo its protective

shelter. We enter a progression* of schools, then we leave our mothers and fathers

and our childhood homes. We get married and have children and then have to let

them confront the death of our parents and our spous*. We face the

gradual or not so gradual waning of our own strength. And ultimately, as the

parable* of the open and clod hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of

our own demi*, losing ourlves, as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.

[12] 在生命的每個階段上，我們都要蒙受損失——但也是在這個過程中得到成長。我們只有在脫離娘胎、失去它的庇護時，才能開始獨立生活。我們要進各級學(xué)校，繼而告別父母，告別童年的家。我們要結(jié)婚生育，繼而送走子女。我們要經(jīng)受父母、配偶喪亡的痛苦。我們要面臨體力或快或慢的逐漸消退。最終正如松手與握拳的比喻那樣：我們自己也得走向不可抗拒的死亡，可以說失去原有的自身，失去我們擁有的或夢想過的一切。

[ 13 ] But why should we be reconciled* to life's contradictory* demands? Why

fashion things of beauty when beauty is evanescent*? Why give our heart in love

when tho we love will ultimately be torn from our grasp?

[13] 但是，為什么我們甘愿順從于這些生活的矛盾需求呢? 既然美轉(zhuǎn)眼就會消逝，那為什么我們還要去創(chuàng)造那些美的東西呢? 既然我們所愛的終歸要被奪走，為什么我們還要傾心相愛呢?

[ 14 ] In order to resolve this paradox, we must ek a wider perspective, viewing

our lives as through windows that open on eternity*. Once we do that, we realize

that though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern.

[14] 為了要解決這個矛盾，我們必須尋找一個較為廣闊的視角，透過通向永恒的窗口來觀看我們的生命。做到了這一點，我們會發(fā)覺，雖然我們的生命是有限的，但是我們在地球上的行為卻在編織著一個沒有時間限制的圖案。

[ 15 ] Life is never just being. It is a becoming, a relentless* flowing parents

live on through us, and we will live on through our children. The institutions we

build endure, and we will endure through them. The beauty we fashion cannot be

dimmed by death. Our flesh may perish*, our hands will wither*, but that which they

create in beauty and goodness and truth lives on for all time to come.

[15] 生命絕不只是存在。它是變動不止的，無情地流逝不息的。父母的生命在我們身上延續(xù)，而我們的生命又將在我們的子女身上延續(xù)。我們建立的習俗制度會持續(xù)下去，而我們的生命就活在其中。我們創(chuàng)造的美好的東西不會因為我們的死亡而暗淡無光。我們的肉體會消亡，我們的雙手也會枯萎，但它們在真善美中所創(chuàng)造的一切將在日后長存!

[ 16 ] Don't spend and waste your lives accumulating objects that will only turn to

dust and ashes. Pursue not so much the material as the ideal, for ideals alone invest

life with meaning and are of enduring worth.

[16] 不要為了積聚那些只會變成塵土、化作灰燼的東西耗盡你的精力、你的生命。與其追求物質(zhì)不如追求理想，因為只有理想才能使生命有意義，才有長存的價值。

[ 17 ] Add love to a hou and you have a home. Add righteousness* to a city and

you have a community. Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school. Add

religion to the humblest of edifices* and you have a sanctuary*.Add justice to the

far-flung* round of human endeavor* and you have civilization. Put them all together,

exalt* them above their prent imperfections, add to them the vision of humankind

redeemed*, forever free of need and strife* and you have a future lighted with the

radiant* colors of hope.

[17] 一所房屋加上愛心，你就有了一個家；一個城市加上正直守法，你就有了一個社區(qū)；在一堆紅磚上加上真理，你就有了一所學(xué)校；哪怕是最卑微簡陋的建筑，只要有宗教，你就有了一所圣殿；把公正加在長期的人生努力奮斗中，你就有了文明教養(yǎng)。把這一切聚合起來，加以提高，使之超越于現(xiàn)存的缺點，還要有人類得到拯救的憧憬，永遠無求無爭，那么你將會有一個閃耀著希望的絢麗光彩的未來。

Key to the Exercis

Exerci A

Ⅰ. Comprehension

A. 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. B

B. 1. It is to know when to hold fast and when to let go.

2. To hold fast to life, we should enjoy life with abandon.

3. To let go, we should learn to deal with the loss we suffer in our life.

4. To make our life worth living, we should own our life and know how

to treasure it.

Ⅱ. Vocabulary

A. 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A

B. 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. A

Ⅲ. Cloze

1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D

Ⅳ. Translation

A. 我們必須猛回頭來尋求人民的智慧，這日子已經(jīng)不遠了。那一天，我們將不得不找出世上未受過教育的人，即頭腦還沒有被學(xué)問弄糊涂的人，來更新我們的頭腦。為了學(xué)習，我們將不得不忘掉許多東西。而這只有在我們獲得了那種智慧之后，我們才會知道怎樣來利用我們已獲得的知識。一盎司智慧抵得上百萬噸書本，應(yīng)該讓那些學(xué)問欠缺而懂得怎樣生活，怎樣維持健康，保養(yǎng)精力的人有機會教我們怎樣利用更多的、能夠利用的知識而不至感到知識缺乏。讓我們從未受過教育的人的智慧中尋求公正、美麗、寬容和對自然規(guī)律的理解吧。

Notes:

文中Para. [2]：They who have known ... starving ... 這句中：

(1) 該句為“more ... than, less ... than” 句型的一種特殊句法結(jié)構(gòu)，即

在more than 或less than 等詞后面的分句中不用主語。

例如：

①

More is meant than meets the ear. ( 話里有話。)

②

She fulfilled her quota, as always, in less time than was allotted.

( 像經(jīng)常一樣，她沒到限定的時間就完成了定額。)

③

They make light of keeping people waiting longer than is necessary.

( 他們對不必要地使人久等滿不在乎。)

(2) 這里的to live on less 是比喻用法，less 指less learning 而言。

B. 1. The reality we are confronted with is that we enjoy not so much life’s

rewards as life’s process.

2. It slowly dawned on me that the love, the joy as well as the sufferings

were so precious, for they marked the existence of life.

3. Don’t be indifferent to something in life that is too wondrous for

description.

4. He is too preoccupied with personal affairs to live happily.

5. Ideals are of enduring worth, and worthy of pursuance.

6. He es things in their right perspective.

7. The enemies will never be reconciled to their defeat.

8. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure ofwonder, the

unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joyof the game of living. In

the center of your heart and my heart thereis a wireless station: so long as it

receives messages of beauty, hope,cheer, courage and power from men and from the

Infinite (or God),so long are you young.

Ⅴ. Writing

Suggested passage:

What I Have Learned from the Lesson

The author’s “truths to live by” is something that he has gleaned from his life

experience. Inspired by his deep understanding of the nature of life, I’m determined

to begin my life anew. Life is full of wonder and beauty. We must enjoy ourlves

with abandon and in time. And we should never be too busy for it. See the beauty

before it fades, respond with love before it wanes. Besides, look on tho appearing

commonplace as something that does not easily come by and you’ll treasure them all

the more. Life’s gifts are precious. Owning life and understanding how to treasure

it are all there is to a happy and beautiful life.

Just as every coin has two sides, so does life. We sustain more or less

loss all our lives while we enjoy love, beauty and everything splendid. We

must let go of them and don’t let them bother us, for they are after all part

of life, which still signifies the existence of life. The most important thing is

to make best u of life for our benefit for our health and well-being, and

our lofty ideal.

Exerci B

Ⅰ. 1. charcoal 2. chamber 3. Casual 4. broom 5. corrupt 6. Circulation 7. bald 8.

Dam 9. Counl 10. bearing 11. circus, clowns 12. correspondence

13. currency 14. courteous 15. beggars

Ⅱ. 1. who 2. becau, of 3. that 4. with, until 5. who, in 6. What, respon7. Though,

through 8. After 9. which, which, against 10. that, for 11. that, when 12. when

13. of, if 14. which, no matter how 15. that, into

Ⅲ. 1. was, bearing 2. to conceive of 3. bids, to pay 4. Counl 5. to avenge, punish

6. Craned 7. darkened, heard 8. Clamp 9. diverge, come 10. to array 11. diminishing

12. Daring 13. ascertain 14. denouncing, whaling 15. exists, originate, radiated

Exerci C

Ⅰ. 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C

5. telephone: an instrument that reproduces sound that comes from far

away (tele: far; phon: sound)

telegram: a written message nt far away (tele: far; gram: written)

television: an instrument that produces a picture of something that is far

away (tele: far; vision: ability to e)

6. When he or she wants to take a picture of something far away

7. Interstate commerce is business between different states. Intrastate

commerce is business within one state.

8. Word analysis indicates that “conspirators” means ones who breathe together

(con: together; spir: breathe; ors: ones who). According to the dictionary,

conspirators are people who join in a cret agreement, especially in order to commit

an unlawful act. The meanings of the word parts have become general; “breathing

together” is related to the idea of “planning and working together quietly or in

cret”.

Ⅱ. 1. C 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. D 6. H 7. I 8. F 9. G 10. J

?Supplementary Reading

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D

16. It is difficult for them to feel happy without money.

17. Happiness does not depend on money.

18. They like themlves.

19. They are positive thinkers.

20. They are easygoing and friendly.

Part Ⅱ Vocabulary

21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. B 34.

D 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. D 40. B

Part Ⅲ Cloze Test

41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. B

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension

51. D 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. C

61. B 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. A 66. A 67. A 68. C 69. B 70. B

71. A 72. B 73. B 74. B 75. D 76. B 77. B 78. A 79. A 80. A

Part Ⅴ Translation

Section A

聰明的人懂得整個人生布局中的一切事物各歸其位。他懂得金錢和財富是手

段卻不是目的。他知道一時的歡愉有別于持久的滿足，偉大有別于成名，敬虔有

別于迷信，文學(xué)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域乃至整個人生的實力有別于做秀。他知道人生命運躲不

過邪惡，人生必有所失，死亡、疾病和衰老必會臨到我們。聰明的人以平和的心

面對這一切。

Section B

A day without hope would be unimaginably pale [dull] . There must be

something to look forward to each day to keep it out of shadows. To a person

cherishing hopes every morning ris a new sun. Deprived of water, soil turns

into dert. Deprived of hope, What is left to a man? A small hope sustains you

for a day, a great one for a lifetime.

Part Ⅵ Writing

略。