中國傳統文化英語翻譯

2023年12月29日發(作者：你永遠不懂我的心)

1.香囊(scented sachet)，古代也稱“香袋”，通常是用布縫制或彩色絲線編織的 袋子，里面塞滿香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用來吸汗、驅蟲和避邪。香囊不僅 有用，而且可作裝飾品。它們的形狀和大小各異，有圓形、橢圓形和其他形狀。它 們通常配有精致的圖案，每個圖案都象征著特別的含義。例如，雙魚或成對蝴蝶 圖案象征男女之愛;蓮花或牡丹花(peony flower)等圖案象征女性;松樹和仙鶴 圖案象征長壽;石榴(guava)圖案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不僅是裝飾品，而且 含有豐富的文化和歷史內涵。

翻譯：Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually

wed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs.

The fragrant bags were originally ud for absorbing sweat, repelling incts and warding

off evils. Scented sachets are not only uful, but also ornamental. They come in different

shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated

with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special instance,a

double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a

woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns

symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented

sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical

richness.

2.中國民間藝術與中國哲學統一于“陰陽(yin-yang)生萬物”這一理念。這一理念源于中國原始社會，是對人類的人生感悟的哲學注解。中國人祖先的哲學論斷是“近看自己，遠觀他人”。要理解中華民族民間藝術的原始藝術，這一結論必不 可少。人類的本能欲望是生存并通過繁衍(propagation)繼續存在。人生來的首要 本能是求生，然后是長壽。從原始社會到今天，陰陽和永生的觀念始終貫穿中國的社會生活和民族文化。中國民間藝術反映了社會的所有基本哲學理念。

翻譯：Chine folk art and Chine philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang

produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chine primitive society, this was the

philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chine ancestors philosophical

conclusion was to “look at onelf up clo and other creatures from afar”，which is

esntial to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To live and to

continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a

person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the

prent day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social

life and the national culture of Chine e folk art reflects all of the basic

philosophical concepts.

3.象棋(Chine chess)兩人玩的棋盤游戲，源于春秋戰國時期的軍事戰略。 早期的象棋由三部分組成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盤。現代象棋沒有骰子,它在棋子和棋盤方面與古代不同。棋盤有9行寬、10行長，共90個交叉點，構成方形網格 (grid)。棋子在交叉點上落子或移動。對弈者在棋盤進行象征性的軍很戰爭，部署馬匹、戰車，根據自己對棋局和游戲規則的理解組織軍隊。目前，中國象棋已傳至全世界，進一步傳承、發揚中國傳統文化。

翻譯：Chine chess is a two-player board game sprang from military strategies in the

Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods. The early-stage Chine chess

consisted of three components:chess pieces，dice and board. There’s no dice in modem

Chine chess. And tiie game is dififerrait from its ancient counteipart in tenns of pieces

and board is 9 lines wide by 10 lines long, with a total of 90 crossing

grids formed are square. The pieces are placed and moved on the crossing points. The

two players conduct a reprentational military battle on the board by deploying hors

and chariots and organizing troops bad on tbeir understanding of the layout of die game

and the playing rules. Currently, Chine chess has been introduced to the whole worid,

giving a boost to the effort to carry on and develop traditional Chine culture.

4.圍棋是兩位對弈者之間戰略性的棋盤游戲(board game)。圍棋已有 3000多年的歷史，可以說是所有古代棋類游戲的起源。圍棋的規則很簡單，但是有數不盡的策略。這就是圍棋的魅力所在。下一盤圍棋的時間短至15分鐘，長至數天。但是多數情況下，下一盤圍棋需要一或兩個小時。圍棋是綜合科學、藝術和競賽的游戲。圍棋對于智力發展、性格培養和靈活的策略學習非常有益。難怪圍棋已經流行了幾千年，并逐漸成為一項國際文化游戲。

翻譯：Weiqi is a strategic board game between two players. With a history of over

3,000 years, the game can be regarded as the originator of all ancient chess

rules of Weiqi are very simple but there are countless variations of is

where the beauty of the game lies. The time for one round of weiqi can be as short as 15

minutes or as long as a few days. In most cas, though, it takes one or two hours to finish

one round. Weiqi is a game that combines science, art and competition. It's beneficial for

intelligence development, personality cultivation and flexible strategy learning. It's no

wonder the game having been popular for thousands of years and is gradually becoming

an international cultural game.

5.雜技(acrobatics)是展現高超的平衡技巧和動作協調能力的表演。雜技常和廣 泛使用體操技能的活動相聯系，比如馬戲(circus)、體操，但許多其他運動，如武術、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用雜技元素。吳橋是中國眾所周知的雜技之鄉。據說吳橋的所有居民，從學步孩童到白發老人，都多少會點雜技。年輕人在工作間隙練習雜技。許多家庭都有獨特的技藝代代相傳。中國乃至世界都有很多來自吳橋的雜技演員。中國雜技界有句話叫做:沒有吳橋人不成雜技班。

翻譯：Acrobatics is the performance that shows excellent skills of balance and action

coordination. Acrobatics is most often associated with activities that make extensiye u

of gymnastic skills, such as circus and gymnastics, but many other activities，such as

wushu,ballet and diving may also adopt elements of is well known as

the hometown of acrobatics in China. It is said that all residents in Wuqiao, from kids

learning to walk to the old with grey some acrobatics. Young people practice the art during

the breaks from families have their unique skills handed down through

generations. There are acrobats from Wuqiao Aroughout China, even the a

Chine acrobatics field, if you don't have an acrobat from Wuqiao, you can't have an

acrobatics troupe.

1.中國菜舉世聞名，而菜名更是詼諧有趣，妙趣橫生，充滿中國人的智慧。很多菜名用字典雅瑰麗，充滿吉祥喜慶之氣，諸如把豆苗(bean edling)比作“龍須”，雞蛋美名“芙蓉(Confederate ro)”或“鳳凰”，雞爪稱“鳳爪”，豆腐(tofu)叫成“白玉”，等。不少菜名豪華氣派，美不可言，有種湯叫“珍珠瑪瑙(agate)翡翠湯”，只是豆腐、番茄加青菜。一些含有祝賀或象征吉祥的菜名，如竹筍炒排骨是 “步步高升”。有些菜名采用的是成語，蘿卜絲上放根紅辣椒表示“踏雪尋梅”。

翻譯：Chine dishes are world-famous, and the dish names are humorous,

interesting and full of wits, fully embodying the wisdom of Chine people. Many dishes

are named with elegant and magnificent characters and are full of auspicious and festive

atmosphere. For example, the bean edling is called “dragon beard”， egg is called

“Confederate ro” or “phoenix”，chicken claw is called “phoenix talon”，tofu is called“white

jade” and so dish names are in luxurious style and their beauty is beyond words.

For example，there is a soup called “soup of pearl, agate and jade”，but its ingredients are

only tofu, tomatoes and vegetables. Some dish names express congratulation or

symbolize auspiciousness, such as pork ribs fried with bamboo shoots is called “higher

and higher' Some dish names are idioms，such as turnip strips with a red pepper is called

“looking for plum flowers while treading on the snow”.

2.景德鎮(Jingdezhen)位于江西省東北部，以瓷器而聞名，歷來被譽為中國的 “千年瓷都”。在景德鎮出產的各類瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最為突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛時期，景德鎮青花瓷以其燒造精致而獨占鰲頭。新中國成立后，在景德鎮設立了人民瓷廠(People's Porcelain Factory)專門生產青花瓷。景德鎮青花瓷造型優美，色彩絢麗，裝飾精美，是景德鎮四大傳統名瓷之一，素有“永不凋謝的青花”之稱。青花瓷遠銷世界各地，受到世界人民的喜愛。

翻譯：Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province，is famous for porcelain

and is honored as “home of porcelain for thousands of years” in China. Among different

types of porcelain produced in Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the most renowned.

Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing and white porcelain

from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production. After new China was founded,

People's Porcelain Factory was t up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelain

specially. Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color and

delicately decorated. It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in

Jingdezhen, and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and

white porcelain has been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by people around

the world.

3.臉譜(facial makeup)是指中國傳統戲劇—京劇里男演員臉部的彩色化妝。 它在色彩、形式和類型上有一定的格式。臉譜運用紅色、黃色、白色、黑色、紫色、綠色和銀色代表不同的人物性格。各角色的臉譜由油漆、粉和油彩畫成，基 本形式是整臉、三塊瓦臉(San Kuai

Wa Lian)和碎臉。這些臉譜類型被廣泛用于代 表將軍、官員、英雄、神靈和鬼魅。通過眼睛和鼻子周圍形狀各異的白色小塊, 可以辨別出丑角(Chou actors)。有時這些小塊以黑色勾勒，常稱小花臉。

翻譯：Facial makeup refers to the colorful painting on the face of the actors in Peking

Opera, which is a traditional Chine opera. It has certain format in terms of color,design

and type. Red，yellow，white，black，purple，green and silver are the main colors ud

for facial makeup to reprent different characters. The facial designs for the roles are

made by painting, powdering and coloring in the basic forms of Zheng Lzan(keeping the

basic face pattern)，San Kuai Wa Lian(three-ction face) and Sui Lian(fragmentary

face).The types are widely ud to reprent generals,officials，heroes, gods and

ghosts. The Chou (clown) actors can be recognized by the patch of white in various

shapes painted around the eyes and no. Sometimes the patches are outlined in black,

often called Xiao Hua Lian(partly painted face).

4.唐朝時期，人們就在昌南建造窯坊(kiln),燒制出一種青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。青白瓷色彩晶瑩，有“人造玉器”的美稱，因而遠近聞名，并大量出口歐洲。當時，歐洲人還不會制造瓷器，因此中國特別是昌南鎮的瓷器很受歡迎。 在歐洲，昌南鎮瓷器是備受珍愛的貴重物品，人們以能獲得一件昌南鎮瓷器為榮。因此，歐洲人就以“昌南”作為瓷器和生產瓷器的“中國”的代稱。久而久之，歐洲人就把昌南的本意忘卻了，只記得它是“瓷器”，即“中國”了。

翻譯：In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish white porcelain

in Changnan. The bluish white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial

jade, so it became famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amount.

At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain,so porcelain from China，especially from Changnan，was warmly welcomed. In Europe，porcelain from Changnan

was luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would

make people feel very proud. In this way，Europeans ud Changnan as the code name

for china (porcelain) and the place of its production，China. Gradually, Europeans forgot

the original meaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely“China”.

5.刺繡(embroidery)是中國藝術中一顆璀燦的明珠。從華麗的龍袍到今日的時裝，刺繡為我們的文化和生活增添了許多樂趣。中國記載的最古老的刺繡可追溯至商朝。在當時，刺繡象征著社會地位。隨著國民經濟的發展，刺繡走進普通人的生活。對于足不出戶的女子來說，刺繡是一種優雅的工作。想象一下，一位美麗的年輕女子在家刺繡:一針一線，她為愛人繡一對鴛鴦(mandarin duck)。寒冷的冬日，屋子里充滿香氣。多么美麗動人的畫面啊!

翻譯：Embroidery is a brilliant pearl in Chine art. From the magnificent dragon

robes worn by emperors to today's fashions, embroidery adds a great deal of pleasure to

our culture and life. The oldest embroidery on record in China dates from the Shang

Dynasty. Embroidery in this period symbolized social status. As the national economy

developed, embroidery entered the life of the common deiy was an elegant

task for ladies who were forbidden to go out of their homes. Imagine a beautiful young

lady embroidering at home:stitch by stitch, she ;embroiders a pair of mandarin ducks for

her lover. It is a cold winter day and the room is filled with sweet smell. What a touching

and beautiful picture!

1.中國是茶的故鄉。唐代以前，中國茶葉通過陸路和水路出口，先是出口到日本和朝鮮，之后出口到印度和中亞。明清時期，出口到了阿拉伯半島 (Arabian Peninsula)。17世紀早期，中國茶葉出口到歐洲，自此，歐洲的上層階級開始飲茶。 中國文化滲透著茶的精神，全國有很多種茶葉、茶館、茶的傳說、茶工藝品和飲茶習俗。杭州西湖以產上等綠茶著稱;在云南等中國西南省份，少數民族受外國文化影響較小，原始茶產地仍然保留著飲茶儀式和習俗。

翻譯：China is the hometown of tea. Before the Tang Dynasty, Chine tea was

exported by land and a，first to Japan and Korea, then to India and Central Asia,and in

the Ming and Qing Dynasties, to the Arabian Peninsula. In the early period of the 17th

century, Chine tea was exported to Europe，where the upper class started to drink tea.

Tea spirit permeates Chine culture, and throughout the country there are many kinds of

tea，teahous, tea legends, tea artifacts and tea customs. The West Lake in Hangzhou is

famous for its excellent green tea; and provinces in southwest China like Yunnan where

flie ethnic groups were less affected by foreign cultures still keep tea ceremonies and

customs in original tea-growing areas.

2.漢字(Chine characters)是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是使用者最多的文 字。漢字多達6萬個，但常用的基本漢字只有6000個左右。據權威專家估計，漢字有5000多年的歷史，最初源于記錄事情的圖片。從古至今，從甲骨文 (Jiaguwen) 到我們今天書寫用的楷體(Kaiti)，漢字的形式和結構發生了很大改變。歷史上， 漢字被朝鮮、日本、越南等國借鑒，因此也促進了國際交流。在現代，中國人民用 各種方法將漢字輸人電腦，進行信息處理。事實證明，漢字充滿了生機與活力。

翻譯：The Chine characters are one of the oldest characters in the world, and are

ud by the most urs. Chine characters are up to 60,000, but only about 6,000 basic

ones are often ud. As authorities estimate, Chine characters have a history of over

5,000 years, and they originate from pictures for keeping records. From ancient to modern

times, the forms and structures of Chine characters have changed much, evolving from

Jiaguwen (oracle bone script), to Kaiti(regular script) we u now. In history, Chine

characters were borrowed by Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, thereby improving international

communication. In modern times, Chine people have by many means solved the

problem of inputting Chine characters into computers to rve information processing. It

has been borne out that Chine characters are full of vigor and vitality.

3.曲藝是指民謠、說書和相聲等民間說唱藝術形式。作為中國古代的表演藝術，曲藝是不同表演類型的統稱，表現形式為說、唱或二者兼有。作為獨立的藝術，曲藝興起于唐朝中期，繁榮于宋朝。曲藝深植于中國，分為三大類型、 400個曲種。三大類型是:說書、說唱藝術、笑話。說書既可以只用語言，也可以配樂。北方最典型的無伴奏類型是評書(Pingshu)。笑話最重要的形式是相聲。說唱藝術似乎聽眾最多。在口音或音樂方面，每種類型都有強烈的地方色彩。

翻譯：Quyi refers to folk vocal art forms such as ballad singing, story-telling and

crosstalk. As an ancient performing art in China, quyi is a general term that covers veral

different types of performances in which speech, singing or both are ud. As an

independent art, it was formed in the middle Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song

Dynasty. Deeply taking root in China, the art is divided into three styles and subdivided

into 400 parts. The three major styles are story-telling, story-singing, and joke-telling.

Story-telling can be either words only, or words with music. One of the most

reprentative non-music styles in the North is called Pingshu. The most important form of

joke-telling is crosstalk. Story-singing ems to have the largest audience. Each style has

a strong local flavor in either its accent or music.

4.24節氣(24 solar terms)是統稱，包括 12節氣(12 major solar terms)和 12中氣 (12

minor solar terms),它們彼此之間相互關聯。24節氣反映了天氣變化，指導農 業耕作，也影響著人們的生活。春秋戰國時期，人們開始使用節氣作為補充歷法 (calendar)。公元前104年，24節氣最終確立。眾所周知，中國是個有著悠久農業發 展史的國家。農業生產受自然規律影響極大。在古代，農民根據太陽的運動安排 農業生產活動。24節氣考慮到了太陽的位置，這就是我們重視它的原因。

翻譯：The 24 solar terms is a whole name of the system that consists of 12 major

solar terms and 12 minor solar teims linked with each other. It reflects the climate change,

guides agriculture arrangements and also affects people's life. In the Spring and Autumn

Period and the Warring States Period, people began to u solar terms as the

supplementary calendar. It was in 104 B,C. that the 24 solar terms were finally t down.

As we all know, China is a country with a long history of agriculture. Agricultural

production is largely influenced by the laws of nature. In ancient times, farmers arranged

their agricultural activities according to the move of : the sun. It is the fact that the 24 solar

terms takes into account the position of the sun that makes us attach importance to it.

5.當來中國的游客發現一桌標準的8人晚宴有4道涼菜、4道熱菜，并配以湯和米飯時，他們往往會感到驚訝。一桌標準的宴席(banquet)包括 4~8道準備好的涼菜，8道熱菜—每次只上1道熱菜，以及2-4道觀賞大菜(whole-sized showpiece dish)。同坐一張桌子的人互相敬酒時通常會“干杯(Gan Bei)”。“干杯”是指舉起酒杯,將酒全部喝完，讓玻璃杯或酒杯“連最后一滴也”。人們干杯時傳遞給別 人的信息是：自己是真誠、快樂的。向主人敬酒時，國人更愿意接受的方式是喝一小口而不是喝干整杯。

翻譯：Visitors to China are often surprid when a standard dinner for a table of eight

people consists of four cours of cold dishes and four cours of hot dishes,coupled with

soup and steamed rice. A standard banquet consists of four to eight prepared cold dishes,

eight hot dishes rved one at a time, and two to four whole-sized showpiece dishes.

People at a table usually “Gan Bei" when toasting to each other. “Gan Bei” means to rai

one's wine glass and drink it all the way down so that the glass or cup is “dried up to the

last drop”. People drink up their wine to communicate the message to others that they are

sincere and joyful. It is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a sip instead of

emptying the glass when toasting to his or her host.