英文筷子簡(jiǎn)介

2024年2月8日發(fā)(作者：不遺余力)

SUBJECT: Chopsticks

GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform

SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To inform the audience about the history

of chopsticks,

To inform the audience on the different types of chopsticks,

To inform the audience how to u chopsticks.

SUPPORTING MATERIALS:

?

Documented Sources:

"Chopsticks." Diner's Digest. 23 Sept. 1998

.

? "Chopsticks (Hashi)". The Japane Tutor. 23 Sept. 1998

.

? Giblin, James Cross. From Hand to Mouth, Or, How We

Invented Knives, Forks, Spoons, and Chopsticks, and the

Manners to Go With Them. New Faux City: Pudo, 19??.

? "Learn 2 U Chopsticks". - The Ability Utility.

22 Sept. 1998

.

? Visual aids: posters and chopsticks

Outline

?

Introduction

Attention-Getting device: Imagine you are invited to a nice

Chine or Japane restaurant to have dinner with your

good friends. What kinds of utensils are you going to u

when you start to enjoy your meal? A fork and a knife? Or

chopsticks? Do you know some kinds of foods taste better

when you u the right utensil? Chine and Japane foods

are no exception. They taste better when you eat them with

chopsticks.

? Preview: In China and Japan, chopsticks play a very

important role in the dining culture. Today, I am going to

share with you veral topics about chopsticks:

? Where did they come from?

? How do you u them in the proper way?

? How can you practice using them?

?

?

Body

The History of Chopsticks -- We ar not sure when chopsticks

were first ud but, we do know that they were invented in

China where their u has been traced back at least as far

as the 3rd century B.C. The famous philosopher Confucius,

who lived over 200 years earlier, influenced the development

of chopsticks with his nonviolent teaching. According to his

teaching, food should be cut up in slaughterhous or

kitchens, not at the table. Knives, with their association to

war and death, were not to be brought to the dinner table.

Today, chopsticks are ud in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam as

well as China, making them the world's cond most popular

method of conveying food to mouth.

? What chopsticks are made of -- Most chopsticks are

made of bamboo or other wood. But they can be made

of plastic or silver. There is a very special purpo for

chopsticks that are made of silver. I will talk aabout

this later.

? The name of chopsticks

In Chine, chopsticks are pronounced "Kuai-zi"

meaning "something fast" or "quick one."

? In Japane, chopsticks are called "Hashi." It

means "bridge."

? The word "chopsticks" as we u it today

came from the 19th century when the Chine

word was translated by trader into pidgin English.

The word "chop" means "fast" -- as in the phra

"chop chop!"

? The Shape of chopsticks -- Chine chopsticks are

squared-off and blunt at the end. Japane chopsticks

are rounded and tapered to a point. It has been

suggested that this is in order to facilitate the removal

of bones from fish which makes up a major part of the

Japane diet.

? No one really knows who came up with the phrade

"soap opera," but there are veral reasons why this

term was created.

? Other us of chopsticks -- Besides being an eating

utensil, there are other ways to u chopsticks:

? In ancient China, chopsticks were always

made of silver in the royal family. The emperor

was very important to the whole country. To

prevent the emperor from being poisoned,

rvants would test the food with silver

chopsticks which change color upon contact with

certain types of poisons.

? In Taiwan, there is a special kind of folk dance

called the "chopsticks dance" in which dancers

would hold a pair of chopsticks in each hand

while they dance. In this situation, chopsticks

are like paint brushes to the painter. They

become a tool for artistic expressions.

? In Japan, chopsticks can be treated as

decorative objects. They are usually made of

lacquered wood and are sometimes elaborately

painted and personalized for their owners.

? It is said that using chopsticks helps to

prevent old people from becoming demented.

There could be wisdom to this adage since

people who always u their fingers tend to keep

their minds sharp.

? How to u chopsticks

? Hold one stick between your first two fingers and

the other stick between your cond and third fingers

? U your thumb as a pivoting point for the upper

stick. Then push down on the lower stick with the area

between your thumb's joint and your thumb's knuckle.

? The lower stick should remain stationary and only

the upper stick moves.

? You should hold chopsticks at the correct position.

Holding chopsticks in the incorrect position will make

them difficult to u.

? How Do You Practice

? Position the chopsticks like in the above mention

steps

? Time: 3 minutes a day for veral days

? What you will need:

? Some pieces of food

? A t of chopsticks -- preferably tapered

? Tips:

? Practice with salad first

? Start with large pieces and decrea the size

as your skill improves

? Soon you can even pick up peanuts

? Like any other skills, repetition is the key to success.

Several shot practices over a period of time is more

effective than a big chunk of time spent in one day.

?

Conclusion

? Summary -- Today, I have shared with you the history of

chopsticks, how to u them, and how to practice using

them.

? Concluding Device -- I mentioned in the beginning that

food will taste better if you u the right utensil. Just like you

need to u a fork and a knife when you order steaks at a

steak hou, you need to u chopsticks to eat when you go

to a Chine or Japane restaurant. So practice how to u

them when you have a chance. Next time you are in a

Chine or Japane restaurant, you will appreciate the real

taste of Chine and Japane foods.

Introduction of Chine Chopsticks

Traditional Chine Chopsticks

In ancient times, chopsticks were called ‘Zhu’. At that time,

our ancestors liked to steam or boil food. It was difficult for

them to u spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. So they cleverly

invented ‘Zhu’ to nip food, thus it has become the most

convenient tableware in their lives. Development of chopstick

has experienced a long history. Early in Xia Dynasty (21st –

16th century BC), the shape was still in development. Chopsticks

only became two sticks of the same length in the Shang Dynasty

(16th – 11th century BC). In the late Shang Dynasty, the

tyrannical King Zhou ordered his craftsmen to make chopsticks

from elephants’ teeth, which was en to be the most luxurious

in the early history of Chine food culture.

The appearance of chopsticks said goodbye to tho days when our

Chine ancestors had to u their hands to eat, so they featured

the coming of civilization to food culture. The invention has

many scientific theories. The lever principle of mechanics was

applied into practice. The point where two sticks crosd is the

pivot of the lever.

How to U Chine Chopsticks

Chine Bamboo Chopsticks

Chine people are familiar with the u of chopsticks. Many

foreigners are interested in but also puzzled about how to u

it with facility. Here are some notes you’d better remember when

to u it.

? First, you must hold the upper part and don’t cross it.

? Second, hold it with your thumb, index finger, middle finger

and third finger. One stick is against your third finger and

the other leans on your middle finger.

? Third, when you pick vegetable or meat in the dishes, u

your index finger and middle finger to control the sticks.

Practice a lot and then you will find it is an easy job.

Taboos When You U Chine Chopsticks

The u of chopsticks has been a part of Chine food culture.

There are some taboos that you must pay great attention to, or

you may make mistakes and be laughed at.

? Don’t u it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make

a lot of noi, becau Chine people think only beggars would

do this to beg for meals.

Taboos when you u chopsticks

? When you u it, don’t stretch out your index finger, which

would be regarded as a kind of accusation to others. Never

u it to point at others.

? It is thought to be an impolite behavior when you suck the

end of a chopstick. People will think you lack family education.

Don’t u it to poke at every dish without knowing what your

want.

? Don’t inrt it vertically into the bowls or dishes.

Chine people do this only when they burn incen to sacrifice

the dead.

Nowadays, chopsticks rve many new functions besides tableware.

For example, you can buy a pair as a gift to your friends and

relatives. In Chine, it reads ‘Kuaizi’, which means to have

sons soon, so a newly-married couple will be very happy to accept

it as their wedding gift. Skillful craftsmen painted beautiful

sceneries on chopsticks to make them like fine artworks. Many

people love to collect them as their treasure.

Chopsticks are small but they are adored by many people in the

world. An interesting experiment shows that many joints and

muscles are being exercid when you u it. They certainly make

you cleverer, don’t they?

筷子是如何發(fā)明的呢?有人推測(cè)，遠(yuǎn)古人烤東西吃時(shí)，隨手折兩根樹(shù)枝或竹枝，用來(lái)夾著吃，這樣既不燙手，又能趁熱吃到美味，于是就演變成了筷子。筷子的結(jié)構(gòu)極為簡(jiǎn)單。從形狀來(lái)說(shuō)，是兩根小細(xì)棍，中國(guó)的筷子是上粗下細(xì)，上方下賀，這種造型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是拿起來(lái)方便，不容易滑，也不容易轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)放在桌子上不會(huì)滾，夾菜入口的一端光滑圓潤(rùn)不會(huì)傷著唇吞。筷子傳到日本后，日本人將筷子做成圓錐形，這是因?yàn)槿毡径嗍成涫澄铮缟~(yú)片之類(lèi)，用這種筷子更方便。 相關(guān)物理知識(shí)有:物理知識(shí):摩擦力、杠桿、曲線(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)、傳輸系統(tǒng)等。 筷子是杠桿，手捏的點(diǎn)是支點(diǎn)，動(dòng)力臂是支點(diǎn)到夾菜的一端的距離，阻力臂是支點(diǎn)到另一端的距

離。 運(yùn)用杠桿原理不只是為了省力，在用筷子時(shí)它就沒(méi)有省力，卻省了距離，使操縱更加靈活,但是卻費(fèi)力了.杠桿的動(dòng)力和阻力指的都是杠桿受到的力，動(dòng)力是手指對(duì)筷子的作用力，阻力是菜對(duì)筷子的作用力。確定筷子這個(gè)杠桿動(dòng)力臂和阻力臂的關(guān)系，需要找到支點(diǎn)，支點(diǎn)在筷子的上端，動(dòng)力臂小于阻力臂，筷子是一個(gè)費(fèi)力杠桿它的支點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在虎口處， 動(dòng)力是手指對(duì)筷子的作用力,一般在筷子中點(diǎn)上下 。阻力是菜阻礙筷子合攏的力，一般作用在筷子頭上。所以它是一個(gè)動(dòng)力臂水小于阻力臂的杠桿，是費(fèi)力杠桿。

Introduction to Chopsticks

In certain parts of the world, knife, fork & spoon are mandatory cutlery pieces for eating while in other

parts chopsticks symbolizes a culture of ancient as well as modern eating experience. Not all but many

Asian food lovers are well aware of chopsticks and their us too. Consisting of a t of two tapered

sticks, chopsticks are the main cutlery item for eating in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam.

A chopstick is an English word ud instead of the original word Kuaizi. It is a Mandarin language word

meaning “quick little fellows.” The word chopstick first appeared during the late 17th century.

Inspite of being invented in China, the u of chopsticks spread worldwide especially to Japan, Korea

and Vietnam. In ancient China, Chine ud to break sticks and twigs off trees, which later evolved in to

the chopsticks that we know today. Japane ud the same chopsticks but theirs look more like

tweezers. They were made of one piece of bamboo joined at the top. Initially they were considered

precious in Japan and ud only in religious ceremonies but are now accepted globally, for almost all kind

of occasions.

How Chopsticks are Made and Ud

Nowadays we find a variety of chopsticks, which are often lacquered and made of combination of

exquisite hardwood. They also come adorned with beautiful calligraphy. They can have round or square

ends with tips either sharp or dull.

Chopsticks are versatile; they can be ud to grip, tear apart, pull, whisk, and stir and handling them is an

art.

Being a remarkable invention by the Chine, using a chopstick to eat is a fun filled experience in itlf

Chopsticks are a pair of sticks,usually made of wood, ud for eating Asian food. In Chine, the oldword

for “chopsticks,”,and also in some varieties of modern Chine such as Hokkien, was zhù (Pinyin:zhù).

However, using the word “zhù”became a taboo on ships becau it sounded the same as another

wordmeaning “to stop . Conquently, it was replaced by a word of oppositemeaning, kuài (fast, quick),

which evolved into the current term,“kuàizi.” This gradually spread until it became the word

for“chopsticks” in most varieties of modern Chine. Thecharacter forthis new meaning of

“chopsticks” for kuài has the radical for bambooadded to the character meaning “fast” kuài. The

English term,“chopsticks,” is suppodly derived from the Pidgin English spoken in British Chine

colonies. The Chine term, “kuai-tzu,” or “quick ones”became chop (Pidgin for “quick”) sticks.

Chopsticks come in many differentforms. Bamboo tends to be the most popular material from which to

makethem. There is plenty of bamboo in Asia, and it is easy to split andextremely resistant to heat. Other

popular materials have included woodand bone, and chopsticks made of precious metals were not

uncommonamong the wealthy in ancient times. It was believed that silverchopsticks would turn black

upon contact with poisoned food, althoughthis has since been disproven by modern science.

It is believed the first chopstickswere developed over 5000 years ago in China. The earliest evidence of

apair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated from the Ruins ofYin near Anyang, Henan, dating

back to roughly 1200 B.C. Early Asianman would retrieve his food from the fire using sticks or

branchesbroken from trees. Later, as the population grew and resources becamescarce, people would

cut food into smaller pieces to save fuel becauthe smaller portions cooked faster. This eliminated the

need forknives, and chopsticks became the utensils of choice. The ont ofConfucianism is believed to

have further cemented the u of chopsticksas the primary Asian eating utensil. Confucius taught, “The

honorableand upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhou and thekitchen, and he allows

no knives on his table.” Confucius’ disdain forthe prence of knives at the kitchen table, coupled with

thepopularity of his teachings no doubt contributed to the expanding uof chopsticks among the

population.

By 500 A.D., chopsticks had spread fromChina to other countries such as Korea, Vietnam andJapan.

Whileoriginally only ud for religious ceremonies in Japan, chopsticksquickly gained popularity there as

well, and in no time their ubecame as widespread there as in the rest of Asia. Soon chopstickvolved

into an important icon of Asian culture and an important partofhistory.

In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan,

Korea, and Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are two long, thin, usually tapered, pieces of wood. Bamboois

the most common material, but they are also be made of various types of wood,

as well as plastic, porcelain, animal bone, ivory, metal, coral, agate, and jade.

During the Middle Ages, aristocrats often favored silver chopsticks since it

was thought that silver would turn color if it came into contact with poison.

Elegant Craftsmanship

Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Chopsticks can be made of

lacquered wood and covered with artwork. Truly elegant chopsticks might be

made of gold and embosd in silver with Chine calligraphy. Artisans also

combine various hardwoods and metal to create distinctive designs.

A child's plastic t of chopsticks might feature a cartoon character, such as

Mickey Mou, while aluminum from recycled cans might find new life as a

lightweight, easy-to-clean pair of chopsticks.

Elaborate Carvings

Chopsticks may be totally smooth or carved or modeled ripples. Silver or

gold paint can be ud to give them a rough texture. In Thailand, wood is often

elaborately carved into chopsticks. The ends of chopsticks can be rounded or

squared, while the tips can be blunt or sharp.

"Forkchops" are chopsticks for incure Westerners and feature chopsticks

at one end and forks and knives at the other, just in ca the ur can't manage

during the meal.

The Chine have been using chopsticks for five thousand years. People

probably cooked their food in large pots, using twigs to remove it. Overtime, as

population grew, people began chopping food into small pieces so it would cook

more quickly. Small morls of food could be eaten without knifes and so the

twigs gradually turned into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly

551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. A vegetarian,

Confucius believed knives would remind people of slaughterhous and were

too violent for u at the table.

Non-Chopstick Countries

Chopsticks are not ud everywhere in Asia. In India, Indonesia, Malaysia,

the Philippines, Thailand