云岡石窟英文介紹

2024年3月18日發(fā)(作者：青年網(wǎng)絡(luò)公開(kāi)課)

佛教的經(jīng)典杰作

世界的藝術(shù)高峰

數(shù)十個(gè)千年石窟

數(shù)萬(wàn)尊佛雕

中國(guó)的瑰麗寶庫(kù)

全人類(lèi)的文化遺產(chǎn)

World culture heritage

At the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain 16 kilometers west to Datong,

Shanxi Province, a colorful and new grottoes are hid among the groves ,which are

praid as “One of the artistic peak in the world “by French President Pompidou.

The grottoes are chiled（雕，刻；鑿）at the foot of the mountain, stretching

about one kilometer from east to west. The are about 53 grottoes of different

sizes and more than 51000 Buddhist(佛教的) carves .It is one of the biggest

grottoes of China and is called the three artistic grottoes artistic treasure-hou

in China together with Qianfo cave in Dunhuang and Longmen grottoes in

Luoyang.

It was first chiled in the first year of Year Heping in Northern Wei and Monk

Tan Yao at that time chiled it for duty of Emperor Wencheng. Most of the

grottoes were finished in the eighteenth year of Year Taihe in Northern Wei before

the capital moved to Luoyang, which lasted for forty years. And there were more

than 40000 people did the job. While the grottoes statue project lasted until the

period of Emperor Zhengguang

The highest is 17 meters while the smallest is only veral centimeters. The

grottoes are very magnificent(壯麗的；華麗的；宏偉的),

Cave No.5 and Cave No.6 and Wuhua Cave are rich in content and can be

called the esnces（本質(zhì)，實(shí)質(zhì)；精華）of the grottoes artistic.

The Yungang Grottoes are divided into three parts –east part, middle part and

west part.

There are four caves in the east part, nine caves in the middle part. And forty

caves in the west part .The Yungang grottoes inherited and developed the

traditional art of Qin and Han Dynasty. It also absorbed the esnce of foreign

culture and created a unique style and rved as a connecting link to the later Sui

and Tang Dynasty on art. This occupies an important place in the Chine artistic

history.

Tan Yao’s Five caves

Tan Yao’s Five Caves are the first chiled（開(kāi)鑿） among the Yungang

Grottoes and they are very magnificent .They are located in the middle of the

Yungang Grottoes and there are Cave No.16、 Cave No.17、 Cave No.18、 Cave No

19and Cave -Buddhism and Taolsm Annals”, in the first years of Year

Heping in Northern Wei, the famous Monk Tan Yao at that time prented a

memorial to the Emperor Wencheng to chil five caves in Wuzhou and carved five

Buddhas shaped as Emperor Wei Daowu. Emperor Mingyuan, Emperor Taiwu,

Emperor Jingmu and Emperor Wencheng. And this is Tan Yao’s Five Caves today.

Wuhua Caves has Cave No.9、 Cave No.10、 Cave No.11、 Cave No 12 and

Cave No.13. It has various of artistic styles. Wuhua Cave、Cave No 5 and Cave No.6

are the esnces of the carving art in the Yungang Grottoes .And they also offer a

lot

Of imaging information to the rearch of art, history, calligraphy（書(shū)法）,

music, architecture, etc.

The Yungang Grottoes –West Part

Most of the caves are in the west part and each has its own feature, acclaimed.

Especially Cave No.16 to Cave No.20 in Tan Yao’s Five Caves, they are chiled in a

planned way under the direction of Tan Yao. It is said that this followed the

order ,”the emperor is Tathagata.”. Tan Yao directed the five emperors’ figures

since Emperor Tai Zu in Northern Wei to the cliff .on the Sakyamuni（釋迦摩尼）.

Cave No.16 Buddha is the youngest one and it is simulated(模仿) the 20-year old

and more Emperor Wencheng reigned then, And the Buddha is 13.5 meters high.

The Yungang Grottoes –East Part

Cave No.1 to Cave No.2 are double caves which are situated in the east of

Yungang Grottoes. In the middle of Cave No.1, there carved two floors of square

tower pillar. At the back ,there was Maitreya（彌勒佛）. The Buddha around were

mostly weathered, the carved Monaural(維摩文殊) on two sides of the cave gate of

the south wall and the Buddhist adopted story relief on the lower part of the east

wall were well prerved. In the middle of Cave No.2, there was a three floors of

square tower pillar .Each floor carved three attic niches around and also carved

five-floor –tower on the inside walls which were the imaging information of the

architecture in Northern Wei.

World Heritage Committee appraid: Located in Datong, Shanxi Province, the

Yungang Grottoes have 252 niches and more than 51000 Buddhist cave art in

China from 5 Century to 6 Century. Tan Yao’s Five Caves have a well-knit and

united arrangement and they are the classical masterpieces in the first peak of

Chine Buddhist art.