2024年3月27日發(作者:教師教學能力)
九年級中考英語語法講解
目的狀語從句
一、用to do sth表目的
用不定式表目的是最簡單也是最常用的方法,它既可以用于句末,也可用于
句首,但比較而言,用于句首時,其強調意味較濃。如:
After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up with the
others. 他因病一學期未上課,得努力趕上其他同學。
To avoid any delay plea phone your order direct. 為免延誤,請直接打電
話預訂。
To keep themlves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.
為了不至于睡著,他們坐在地板上輪流著講故事。
To avoid back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy
objects. 為了不使背部受傷,你在扛重東西時,一定要將膝蓋彎曲著。
不定式的否定式為not to do sth,而不是 to not do sth。如:
She had to struggle not to give in to a desire to laugh. 她極力控制自己不
要笑出來。
Then there was the mad rush not to be late for school. 然后就是匆忙往學
校趕,以免遲到。
I went to France not to study French, but to study architecture.
我去法國不是為了學法語,而是為了學建筑。
He claimed he had bought the cigarettes for home consumption, not to ll
them. 他聲稱他買煙是為了自家享用,不是為了出售。
二、用so as to do sth表目的
so as to do sth是to do sth的變體,意思是“以便”“為了”“為的是”等。用so as
to do sth表示目的時,它通常用于句末。如:
I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her. 我留下了張條子以便與
她取得聯系。
The two lovers dropped back so as to be alone. 那對情人落在后面,為的
是兩人好單獨在一起。
I always keep fruit in the fridge so as to keep incts off it. 我總是把水果
放在冰箱里,以防蟲子叮咬。
表示目的的so as to do sth有時也可放在句首(但是若so as to do sth是表
示結果,則不可放在句首)。如:
So as to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took extra trouble
over the figures. 為了向老板顯示他是個工作非常細心的人,他在這些數字上費
了比平常更多的力氣。
so as to do sth的否定式是so as not to do sth,意思是“為了不……”“以免”。
如:
They tiptoed upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 他們踮著腳上樓,以免
吵醒孩子。
We left in the daytime so as not to arou suspicion. 我們在白天離開以免
引起懷疑。
I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby. 為了不驚醒寶寶,我輕
輕地關上門。
三、用in order to do sth表目的
in order to do sth也是to do sth的變體。用in order to do sth表示目的時,
它既可以用于句末,也可用于句首,但比較而言,用于句首時,其強調意味較濃。
如:
She lied about her age in order to get the job. 她為了謀得那份工作隱瞞了
年齡。
She arrived early in order to get a good at. 她到得很早,圖的是得個好
座位。
Teamwork is required in order to achieve the aims. 完成這些目標需要團
隊合作。
In order to get the job you must be able to drive. 要做這項工作你得會開車。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. 為了考入一
個好的學校,我必須更加用功。
in order to do sth的否定式是in order not to do sth,意思是“為了不……”“以
免”。如:
She slept in a parate room in order not to disturb him. 她在另一房間睡
覺,為了不至打擾他。
Plea reply at once in order not to lo this opportunity of a lower price. 請
立即回復,以免失去這次低價的機會。
They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints. 他們一
定戴上了手套,以防留下指紋。
注意,in order to do sth 還有另外一個否定形式,那就是 not in order to do
sth,其意為“不是為了……”。如:
Big farmers are moving in, not in order to farm, but in order to speculate
with rising land prices. 大農場主正在不斷涌進來,不是為了耕作,而是要利用
不斷上漲的地價進行投機。
This expression refers to encounters between ships of hostile nations. One
ship might fire a shot at another, not in order to hit it, but to warn it to move. 這
個表達源于敵對國船只在海上相遇時,一方可能向另一方鳴炮,不是為了擊中目
標,而是警告其快速離開。
四、用so that表目的
so as to和so that均可表示目的,兩者的區別是,前者引出不定式,后者用
以引導目的狀語從句。與用so as to do sth表示目的的情形相似,so that引導
的目的狀語從句通常位于主句之后。如:
I will give him a key so that he can get into the hou whenever he likes. 我
會給他一把鑰匙,好讓他能隨時進來。
I got here early so that we could have a few minutes alone together. 我到
這兒早些是為了我們能單獨在一起待幾分鐘。
They wrote the notices in veral languages so that foreign tourists could
understand them. 他們把通知用幾國文字寫出來,以便讓各國游客都能看得懂。
有時可省略其中的that。如:
Leave the keys out so (that) I remember to take them with me. 把鑰匙放
在外面,好讓我記得帶。
I deliberately didn’t have lunch so (that) I would be hungry tonight. 我有意
沒吃午飯,為的就是讓自己今晚能感到餓。
so that 引導的目的狀語從句有時還可置于主句之前(但是,若so that引導
的從句是表示結果,則不可放在句首)。如:
So that I shouldn’t worry, he phoned me on arrival. 為了不讓我擔心,他一
到就給我打了電話。
So that I shouldn’t forget it, I made a knot in my handkerchief. 為了免得忘
記,我將手帕打了一個結。
So that the coming generation can learn the martial arts, he has recently
devoted much time to writing books on the subject. 為了下一代能夠學會這些
武術,他近來花了許多時間著書立說。
五、用in order that表目的
in order to和in order that均可表示目的,兩者的區別是,前者引出不定式,
后者用以引導目的狀語從句。與用in order to do sth表示目的的情形相似,in
order that引導的目的狀語從句可以位于主句之前或之后。如:
We arrived early in order that we could get good ats. 我們到得早,以便
找到好座位。
The men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 這些人甘
冒生命危險,為的是讓我們生活更安全。
I bought a new car in order that my wife might learn to drive. 我買了一輛
新車,以便我妻子學習駕駛。
In order that you may create such a picture, you have to posss certain
artistic weapons. 創作這樣的畫,你得具有某些藝術手段。
六、用in ca表目的
in ca用于引導目的狀語從句時,意思是“以防”“以免”。如:
He took his umbrella in ca it should rain. 他帶上了雨傘,以防下雨。
You’d better take the keys in ca I’m out. 你最好帶上鑰匙,以防我不在家。
Listen out for the baby in ca she wakes up. 注意聽寶寶的動靜,她醒來
好知道。
in ca 引導的目的狀語從句有時也可位于主句之前。如:
In ca anyone was following me, I made an elaborate detour. 為了防止有
人跟蹤我,我特地繞了彎路。
注:也有人認為這樣用的in ca 從句為原因狀語從句,意思是“因為怕……”。
比較:
I had a snack, just in ca there was no time to eat later. 我吃了些點心,
以防過會兒沒有時間吃飯。(將in ca譯成“以防”,將之視為目的狀語從句)
I had a snack, just in ca there was no time to eat later. 我吃了些點心,
因為怕過會兒沒有時間吃飯。(將in ca譯成“因為怕”,將之視為原因狀語從
句)
Here's a contact number, in ca there should be a problem. 這是聯系電話,
以防有問題出現。(將in ca譯成“以防”,將之視為目的狀語從句)
Here's a contact number, in ca there should be a problem. 這是聯系電話,
因為怕有問題出現。(將in ca譯成“因為怕”,將之視為原因狀語從句)
七、用for fear (that) 表目的
for fear that 用于引導目的狀語從句時,與 in ca 大致同義,意思是“以
防”“以免”。如:
He’s working hard for fear (that) he should fail. 他在努力工作唯恐他會失
敗。
She finally ran away for fear that he would kill her. 她最后逃走了,因為怕
被他殺了。
Scientists reject a total ban for fear it will undermine efforts to stop the
spread of malaria. 科學家們反對全面禁止,以免削弱為防止瘧疾擴散所作的努
力。
注:與in ca一樣,for fear that 引導的從句有時也被理解為原因狀語從句,
并將其翻譯為“因為怕……”。比較:
Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關上以防下雨。(將for fear
that 譯成“以防”,將之視為目的狀語從句)
Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關上,因為怕下雨。(將
for fear that 譯成“因為怕”,將之視為原因狀語從句)
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