基于實驗經(jīng)濟學(xué)的規(guī)則不公平厭惡測度及其應(yīng)用- 1 -
基于實驗經(jīng)濟學(xué)的規(guī)則不公平厭惡測度及其應(yīng)用
周彩霞，涂亞運*
（南京理工大學(xué)經(jīng)濟管理學(xué)院，江蘇南京,210097><4）
5 摘要：行為經(jīng)濟學(xué)領(lǐng)域越來越多的實證研究證據(jù)表明人類的經(jīng)濟活動并非完全自利，對傳統(tǒng)
的自私人假設(shè)提出了挑戰(zhàn)。行為人對正當(dāng)性社會規(guī)則的認(rèn)同是合作的基礎(chǔ)，
同時也可以用來
解釋他們“偏離”理性行為的舉動。本文結(jié)合經(jīng)典的最后通牒和獨裁者實驗，以出價進(jìn)入規(guī)
則場景的方式，測度行為人對不公平社會規(guī)則的厭惡程度，通過理論分析和對行為實驗結(jié)果
的數(shù)據(jù)分析，探究這一偏好對行為人經(jīng)濟決策（主要為財產(chǎn)分配決策）的影響。通過比較分10
析，顯著區(qū)分了規(guī)則不公平厭惡與財產(chǎn)不公平厭惡，為社會效用曲線的研究增添新的研究維
度。對行為人規(guī)則不公平厭惡的測度可以給規(guī)則制定者通過強化行為人規(guī)則認(rèn)識來提升行為
人自我約束提供借鑒，亦可為研究陌生人之間的合作行為提供新的研究思路。
關(guān)鍵詞：實驗經(jīng)濟學(xué)；規(guī)則不公平厭惡；社會效用；社會偏好
中圖分類號：F062 15
the Measurement an d Application of People’s Aversion of
Unfair Rules
Zhou Caixia, Tu Yayun
(School of Economics and Management, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 20
Nanjing 21009<4)
Abstract: An increasing number of empirical evidence in behavioral economics has been proving
that the human economic activity is not completely lf-interested, which brings a challenge to the
traditional hypothesis of lf-interested man. The widely recognition of legitimate social rules,
which is the foundati on of people’s corporation, can also be ud to explain people’s behavior that 25
deviates from rationalism. Combined with classical experiments of Dictator and Ultimatum, this
article mainly measures people’s aversion of unfair rules through letting people choo their own
preferred rules by bidding. Besides, through theoretical analysis and data analysis towards the
result of behavioral experiments, this article does a study about affection of the preference of
fair rules to people’s economic de cisions (mainly for the property
distribution decisions). This 30
article significantly distinguishes the aversion of unfair rules and wealth through comparative
analysis, adding a new study dimension to the rearch of social utility curve. The measuring of
people’s aversion of unfair rules may provide a reference to rule makers to improve people’s
lf-discipline by strengthening people’s rules recognition, and can provide a new way for the
rearch of corporation behavior between strangers. 35
Key words: experimental economics; aversion of unfair rules; social utility; social reference
0 引言
公平規(guī)則偏好是公平偏好中的一種，行為人對公平規(guī)則的認(rèn)同程度會在一定程度上影響
行為人在特定規(guī)則下的行為決策。測度行為人的規(guī)則偏好難度較大。對于現(xiàn)實生活中的各種<40
規(guī)則，不同的人會有不同的理解，所以經(jīng)常會有“公說公有理，婆說婆有理”的現(xiàn)象。進(jìn)一
步而言，即使是同一種規(guī)則對同一個人，身處不同角色條件下，或者隨著認(rèn)知的變化，對規(guī)
則的認(rèn)識和認(rèn)同度都會發(fā)生變化。所以在實驗中如何控制除規(guī)則公平性以外的變量，成為能
否準(zhǔn)確測得行為人規(guī)則公平偏好的關(guān)鍵。
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基于此假設(shè)，本文要研究的主要問題是測度行為人的不公平規(guī)則厭惡程度偏好，并且初<45
步探討該偏好對行為人在特定情境下的財產(chǎn)分配決策的影響。該影響主要與以往文獻(xiàn)中的財
