新一代大學英語綜合教程英語課文翻譯

2023年12月4日發(作者：工程項目策劃)

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新一代大學英語綜合教程1 課后翻譯

UNIT 1

2、Indeed, we might feel as if we are suddenly awash in friends. Yet right

before our eyes, we're also changing the way we conduct relationships.

Face-to-face chatting is giving way to texting and messaging; people even prefer

the electronic exchanges to, for instance, simply talking on a circles of

friends are being partially eclipd by Facebook acquaintances routinely numbered

in the hundreds. Amid the smaller trends, growing rearch suggests we could

be entering a period of crisis for the entire concept of friendship. Where is

all this leading modern-day society Perhaps to a dark place, one where electronic

stimuli slowly replace the joys of human contact.確實如此,我們似乎感到突然之間好友數量井噴;不過,我們眼前也正在改變為人處世的方式;面對面的聊天正在被短信取代；相比打個電話,人們甚至更愿意使用這些電子交流方式;臉譜網上的熟人圈兒動輒數百人,相比之下,現實生活中規模較小的朋友圈則顯得黯淡少光;在這些較細微的趨勢中,越來越多的研究表明友誼的整個概念正在遭受危機,而我們也許正在一步步地邁向這個危機時代;所有這一切要把現代社會引向何方也許現代社會就此陷入黑暗深淵,在這個深淵里,人與人之間交往的樂趣慢慢地被電子誘惑所取代;

8、No single person is at fault, of cour. The pressures on friendship today

are broad. They ari from the demands of work, say, or a general busyness that

means we have less quality time for others. How many individuals would say that

friendship is the most important thing in their lives, only to move thousands

of miles across the continent to take up a better-paid job當然,這并不是某個人的錯;如今,交友壓力來自方方面面;比如來自工作壓力,或是整天瞎忙,無法和他人享有高質量的溝通時間;有人嘴上說友誼是生命中最重要的東西,卻為了一份收入頗豐的工作遠赴千里之外;這樣的人還少嗎

9、Of cour, we learn how to make friends — or not — in our most formative

years, as children. Recent studies on childhood, and how the contemporary life

of the child affects friendships, are illuminating. Again, the general mood is

one of concern, and a central conclusion often reached relates to a lack of what

is called "unstructured time."當然,我們是在性格成型的最重要的孩提時期學會如何結交朋友或是如何斷交;最近,關于兒童期和兒時生活對交友的影響的研究很有啟發性;這些研究再一次關注了風氣這個問題,其主要結論都與孩子缺少“計劃外時間”有關;

10、Structured time results from the way an average day is parceled up for our

kids — time for school, time for homework, time for music practice, even time

for play. Yet too often today, no period is left unstructured. After all, who

the days lets his child just wander off down the street But that is precily

the kind of fallow time so vital for deeper friendships. It's then that we simply "hang out," with no tasks, no deadlines and no pressures. It is in tho moments

that children and adults alike can get to know others for who they are in

themlves.

“計劃內時間”源自每一天的時間安排方式,何時上學,何時完成家庭作業,何時進行音樂訓練,甚至何時玩耍,一股腦兒的塞給孩子;然而,再尋常不過的是,沒有任何一個時段是沒有安排的;畢竟,現在誰還會讓自己的孩子在街上閑逛呢但是,恰恰就是這種“無所事事”的時間對于深厚的交情至關重要;在這個時間段,我們只是閑逛,沒有任務,沒有最后期限,沒有任何壓力;就在這些時候,孩子也罷,成人也罷,才能真正了解同行之人;

12、Aristotle had an attractive expression to capture the thought: clo friends,

he obrved, "share salt together." It's not just that they sit together, passing

the salt across the meal table. It's that they sit with one another across the

cour of their lives, sharing its savor — its moments, bitter and sweet. "The

desire for friendship comes quickly; friendship does not," Aristotle also

remarked. It's a key insight for an age of instant social connectivity, though

one in which we paradoxically have an apparently growing need to be more deeply

connected.亞里士多德曾經這樣表達此意,妙不可言;他說,親密的朋友,是“一起吃鹽的朋友”;他并不是說朋友們坐在一起,在飯桌上把鹽傳來傳去;他的意思是朋友們共享人生經歷,分享各種滋味,苦的,甜的;亞里士多德還說過“交友的想法常常匆匆而至,但是真正的友情往往姍姍來遲;”這對于當今這個時代來說是一種重要的真知灼見;因為,在這個時代里,雖然人們能迅速建立關系,不過我們反倒越發覺得需要更深一步結識他人;

UNIT 2

6、With persistence and practice, such a process can lead to lasting results.

I know one Wall Street executive who sought to improve his empathy – specifically

his ability to read people’s reactions and their perspectives. Before beginning

his quest, the executive’s subordinates were terrified of working with him.

People even went so far as to hide bad news from him. Naturally, he was shocked

when finally confronted with the facts. He went home and told his family –

but they only confirmed what he had heard at work. When their opinions on any

given subject did not mesh with his, they, too, were frightened of him.只要堅持并不斷實踐,這樣的過程能夠帶來持久的結果;我認識一位華爾街的主管,他想方設法提高自己的同理心;具體一點就是讀懂對方的反應,了解對方的看法;在開始努力尋求改變之前,這位主管的下屬懼怕與其一起工作;人們甚至對他隱瞞壞消息;最終面對這些情況時,他自己自然大吃一驚;回家后,他告訴家人——但家人更肯定了他在單位聽到的一切;無論什么話題,如果家人的觀點未能與之吻合,他們也會害怕他;

7、Enlisting the help of a coach, the executive went to work to heighten his empathy

through practice and feedback. His first step was to take a vacation to a foreign

country where he did not speak the language. While there, he monitored his

reactions to the unfamiliar and his openness to people who were different from

him. When he returned home, humbled by his week abroad, the executive asked his coach to shadow him for parts of the day, Several times a week, in order to critique

how he treated people with new or different perspectives. At the same time, he

consciously ud on-the-job interactions as opportunities to practice

“hearing” ideas that differed from his. Finally, the executive had himlf

videotaped in meetings and asked tho who worked for and with him to critique

his ability to acknowledge and understand the feelings of others. It took veral

months, but the executive’s emotional intelligence did ultimately ri, and the

improvement was reflected in his overall performance on the job.這位主管向私人教師尋求幫助,他回到工作崗位,通過實踐和別人的反饋來提高自己的同理心;首先,他到一個語言不通的國家去度假;在異國他鄉,他審視自己面對不熟悉事物的反應以及對異族人群的開放性;返回家鄉時,一周的國外生活已使他丟掉了所有的高傲,這位主管讓私人教師一周跟蹤自己幾天,每天跟蹤自己幾個時段,以此評價自己對持新觀點或不同觀點人的態度;同時,他還有意識地利用工作現場與人交往的機會來實踐“傾聽”異己觀點;最后,主管還讓人拍攝他開會時的表現,讓下屬以及合作伙伴評價自己承認并理解他人感情的能力;這個過程持續數月,但最終,主管的情商確實提高了,并在他的整體工作表現上體現了出來;

8 It’s important to emphasize that building one’s emotional intelligence cannot

– will not – happen without sincere desire and concerted effort. A brief minar

won’t help; nor can one buy a how-to manual. It is much harder to learn to

empathize – to internalize empathy as a natural respon to people – than it

is to become adept at regression analysis. But it can be done. “Nothing great

was ever achieved without enthusiasm,” wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. If your goal

is to become a real leader, the words can rve as a guidepost in your efforts

to develop high emotional intelligence.需要強調的是,沒有真誠的愿望和竭盡全力的付出,培養情商是不可能的,也不會有結果;一場簡短的研討會起不了作用,實用操作手冊也無法買到;要使同理心內化為對別人的一種自然反應,才算是獲得了同理心,這比擅于回歸分析要難得多;但獲得同理心也是能做到的;拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生寫道：“沒有熱情,就不可能取得任何偉大的業績;”如果你的目標是成為一位真正的領袖,這句話可以激勵你不斷努力,提高情商;

UNIT 3

2、First, science is practiced by special people with a specific view of the world.

Scientists try to be objective, unntimental and unemotional. They do not let

their feelings get in the way of their obrvations of real things, facts, as

they call them. They often work in laboratories or in other areas where they can

carefully control what they are working on. They do not just wander out onto the

dock at sunt and look at the world with wonder, as a poet might. Ideally, they

are also both honest and check them out and then utilize them in their findings

so others can check them out and then utilize them in their own work. They do

not claim more than they can prove, and often even less. But they are very proud of their calling and prefer to talk to other scientists rather than anybody el,

especially poets, who tend to make them feel uncomfortable, to put them

cour poets also feel scientists return the favor.首先,從事科學工作的是特殊的一類人,他們具有特定的世界觀;科學家努力保持客觀、理性,不感情用事,不會讓感情妨礙他們觀察他們所說的實物和事實;科學家常常在實驗室或者他們能夠嚴格控制研究對象的場所工作;他們不會像詩人那樣,在日落時去碼頭閑逛,驚奇地觀賞這個世界;典型的科學家既樸實,又謙恭;他們總是盡量客觀地匯報他們的科學發現,以便別人能夠證實并在工作中加以運用;他們不會對自己不能證明的事物妄加斷言,甚至常常連自己能夠證明的也不去多說;然而,他們對“科學家”這一稱謂引以為傲,更喜歡彼此相互交流,而不太愿意和其他人交流,尤其是和詩人,因為詩人總讓他們感覺不自在,且常貶低他們;當然了,科學家在詩人眼里也不過如此;

3、Second, science deals almost exclusively with things, not ideas or feelings,

and with the external world and its workings, not inner states and their workings,

despite the effort of some psychologists to be or em scientific. The human body

is considered to be or em scientific. The human body is considered to be a part

of the external world; the soul is not. Therefore, scientists work to understand

the body but not the soul. Most scientists doubt the soul exists. The solar system

and the univer are also part of the external world, although we have little

enough direct evidence of their mode of existence. Scientists tend to assume the

basic conditions of nature on Earth are the same everywhere in the cosmos.其次,科學的研究對象基本上僅限于事物,而非思想或者情感,僅限于外部世界及其運作,而非內在狀態及其運作,盡管一些心理學家也試圖讓自己的工作具備或者顯得有科學性;人體被認為是外部世界的一部分,而人的靈魂則不然;因此,科學家探索的是人的肌體,而不是靈魂;大部分科學家懷疑靈魂的存在;太陽系和宇宙也是外部世界的一部分,雖然我們沒有充足的直接證據來證明它們的存在模式;科學家往往認為,地球上自然界的基本狀況無論在宇宙的何處都是一樣的;

4、Mankind is only questionably part of the external world in this n.

Scientists are generally reluctant to deal with the behavior of large groups of

men and women. Thus economists, for example, struggle to be considered scientists,

but usually in vain. The external world of scientists contains some things, like

quanta, quarks and quasars, that are as mysterious as angels and normally as

invisible. But this does not trouble them, as they believe they can deal

effectively with the elementary particles that they cannot e and according to

the uncertainty principle never can e, but not with angels, which will probably

never appear to scientists becau scientists do not believe in them. 從這個意義上講,把人類歸為外部世界的一部分是有爭議的;科學家一般不愿意研究大量人群的行為;因此,舉例來說,盡管經濟學家努力想被當作科學家,卻通常徒勞無果;科學家所關注的外部世界包括具體事物,比如量子、夸克、類星體,它們像天使一樣神秘,通常是肉眼看不見的;但是這并沒有使他們苦惱,因為他們相信自己能夠有效地研究基本粒子,雖然他們看不見這些粒子,而且根據不確定性原理,他們永遠也看見它們;但是科學家卻不能有效地研究天使,因為他們不相信天使的存在,天使可能永遠不會出現在科學家面前;

6、Third, science deals with whatever it deals with in a special way, employing

special methods and a language for reporting results that is unique to it. The

best-known method, but not necessarily the most often employed, consists of

experiment, Which involves getting an idea – from where, most scientists do not

question – framing it in a testable hypothesis, and then testing the hypothesis

in a controlled environment to find out whether or not is id valid. The environment

must be carefully controlled so that extraneous elements do not intrude to

invalidate the experiments, and so that others can repeat the experiment in the

hope of arriving at the same result, which is the best evidence of its reliability.第三點,科學使用一種特殊的方式研究一切可研究的對象,那就是采用特殊的研究方法和其獨特的語言來描述結果;最為人熟知而又未必最常用的方法是實驗,包括產生一個想法大部分科學家不關心這一想法從何而來,把想法擬定為一個可測試的假設,然后在一個可控環境中測試這個假設,檢驗它是否成立;實驗環境必須嚴格控制,一是為防止外界因素侵擾而使實驗無效,二是為其他人能夠重復該實驗以期獲得相同結果,這是實驗可靠度的最佳證據;

10、Science was the major discovery, or invention, of the 17th century. Men of

that time learned – and it was a very great, revolutionary discovery – how to

measure, explain and manipulate natural phenomena in the way that today we call

scientific. Since the 17th century, science has progresd a great deal and has

discovered many truths, and conferred many benefits, that the 17th century did

not know. But it has not found a new way to discover natural truths. For this

reason, the 17th century is possibly the most important century in human history.

It instituted irrevocable change in the way human beings live on Earth. We can

never go back to living the way we live in the Renaissance, for instance. We can

only wonder whether the change was in all ways for the better.科學是17世紀的主要發現或者發明;那個時代的人們發現了如何用我們今天稱之為科學的方法去測量、解釋和利用自然現象這是一個非常偉大的、突破性的發現;17世紀以來,科學取得了巨大的進步,發現了很多真理,帶來了大量惠澤,這些在17世紀都不為人所知;但是自17世紀之后,科學并沒有找到新的方法來發現自然真相,因此,17世紀或許是人類歷史上最重要的世紀,它為人類在地球上的生活方式帶來了不可逆的變化,比如,我們永遠不可能回歸文藝復興時期的生活方式;我們只能自問這種變化是否會讓一切變得更加美好;

UNIT 4

As a national landmark

6 作為國家的標志性建筑,大屠殺國家紀念館遵循美國的理想化模式,即多元化理念,對大屠殺進行解讀;因此,如紀念館理事會所言,大屠殺“在槍響之前就已經開始,對猶太人、持不同政見者、黑人、吉普賽人和殘疾人進行迫害;隨后愈演愈烈,納粹開始把一部分人群從人類大家庭中分離出去,剝奪他們工作、學習、旅游、信仰宗教、提出理論或傳授價值觀的自由;這個紀念館將證實失去生命本身正是失去人權的最后一步;”大屠殺被定義為對美國人權法案的終極踐踏和對多種族的迫害,它包含了移民們來美國尋求庇護的所有原因,無論是過去的移民,現在的移民,還是將來的移民;

The us holocaust

7 美國大屠殺紀念館通過清晰地闡釋非美國式價值觀來定義美國價值觀;如一為專欄作家所言美國大屠殺紀念館會提醒世人那“大洋彼岸的憤怒”,亦會定義美國在“此岸”和“彼岸”的巨大空間中的存在;實際上,矗立在國家廣場上的紀念館不僅記錄了大屠殺的歷史,也銘刻了與之截然相反的美國理想;通過銘記發生在另一片土地上的另一個民族的暴行,美國人民將回想起他們這個民族對生命存在意義的理想解釋;

Memory of historcal

8 對歷史事件的記憶以及對記憶的敘述一直是猶太人的信仰、傳統和身份的核心部分;把自己定義為以背誦的方式緬懷歷史的民族后,猶太人繼續依賴回憶而維系自己的民族身份;

一直以來,把背景各不相同的美國猶太群體凝結在一起的唯一一段“共同”經歷就是對大屠殺的間接記憶;無論猶太左翼或右翼,宗教團體或世俗社會,復國主義者或非復國主義者,或許均可從大屠殺得出不同的結論;但是,從意識形態上講,即使大家的目的截然不同,他們還是一致認為必須銘記這段歷史;因此,盡管猶太人走讀學校、研究機構和社區中心赤字運行,但數以百萬計的美元仍持續不斷地投入到大屠殺紀念項目和博物館建設;

By extension,holocaust

9 大屠殺紀念館的作用也在延伸,它正逐漸成為歷史教育、社會活動和集資的中心;因此,美國很多猶太人和非猶太人通過大屠殺這一鏡頭來學習整個猶太歷史,而不是通過研究猶太歷史來了解大屠殺;在沒有其他類型的猶太文化博物館的情況下,大屠殺紀念館和博物館往往通過圍繞這一時代來構建猶太文化和身份;因此,大屠殺不僅會繼續是美國猶太人意識的中心,也會承載所有美國非猶太人對1000年前歐洲猶太文明的了解;

UNIT 5

China is the

1 當今世界,中國是最重要的正在崛起的大國;20年來,中國已從國際體系的邊緣走到了中心;無論何時何地,中國都廣受全球關注;環顧四周,中國總是出現在新聞報道里——大量消耗資源,大量吸引外資,擴大海外足跡,與亞洲鄰國相處時堅持自己的主張,在國際治理外交中是廣受歡迎的追隨對象,開拓海軍新水域,擴大在全球媒體中的關注度和文化存在感,經營作為全球發展引擎的強大經濟體;在世界各大洲,在大部分國際機構和許多國際事物中,人們都能感受到中國對全球的影響與日俱增;多種評估顯示,中國目前顯然是繼美國之后的世界第二大國,其經濟總量將在2025年前后超過美國;

For the past

2 過去的30年,觀察家們已經看到世界對中國的影響；而現在局面扭轉,人們有必要了解中國對世界的影響;中國正在更快、更廣地出現在世界舞臺上,理解中國走向世界的各種表現因此變得重要;

China global expansion

3 中國的全球發展不是偶然的;直接起因是在1978年12月召開的著名的十一屆三中全會上制定的中國共產黨和政府二等政策,即開始進行改革開放;在整個20世紀80年代,中國“把世界請進來”,并開始邁著遲疑的步伐出現在世界舞臺上,特別是在教育和科技流域進行交流;20世紀90年代初,中國政府有意識地出臺政策,鼓勵中國貿易公司“走出去”,同時讓地方和機構逐漸地“走向世界”;對中國公司的鼓勵直到21世紀中期才完全實現;與此同時,許多中國機構、地方和個人發起并實施了大量的國際計劃;2008年,中國推行全球大規模文化行動,試圖改善中國的國際形象,構建軟實力;軍事上,中國人民解放軍在這一時期加快了國際對外交流,年交流項目超過400多個;因此,即使中國走向世界是最近幾年的事,其起源卻可以追溯到幾十年前;

Over a longer

4 在較長一段時期內,中國現代化使命的一個突出特點是國家追求綜合國力的提升;中國人民通過學習其他強國的經驗,非常明智地學到了重要的一課：真正的國際大國擁有多方面的實力;中國的戰略家們已經意識到那些只在一個或幾個方面擁有實力的國家的弱點,并從而得出結論：重要的是在各個方面,即經濟、科學、技術、教育、文化、價值觀、軍事、治理、外交和其他領域建設和發展綜合實力;中國堅信國力應該是綜合的、一體化的,而不是原子式的;當今的國力和19世紀或20世紀的國力不一樣;那時工業力量和軍事力量占主導地位,而現在的國力必須也體現出強大的文化和規范實力即軟實力;所以,為了重新取得全球大國的地位,中國在當代有意識地作出了多方面的努力;

UNIT 7

The decline of

4蘇門答臘犀牛數量減少是一個漸進而微妙的過程,而不是突發性或災難性的,比起心臟病發作式的暈厥,它更像是癌癥后的病態;這正是物種消亡的經典模方式;在歷史的進程中,蘇門答臘犀牛的行蹤遍布從印度的叢林經過緬甸和越南,然后向南穿過馬來西亞半島,到達婆羅洲的整個地區;一百多萬年前,他們應該熟悉腦袋較小的人類祖先直立人,因為直立人也從大陸的中西部進入東南亞熱帶地區;也許這些早期的人類曾經獵殺過蘇門答臘犀牛,但是他們原始的工具以及犀牛棲息地的隱蔽性使他們很難獵捕到犀牛;由于蘇門答臘犀牛難以獵捕,且棲息地荒蠻,直至進入人類歷史時期以后,在其大部分的活動區域內,他們的數量都相對較多;在蘇門答臘北部的古農列尤擇國家公園鹽沼地,一平方公里內就曾經有14頭蘇門答臘犀牛

No absolutely not

7不,絕對不可以;放棄這個想法這一想法的前提是一個明顯且危險的錯誤;至少從生理意義上說,和其他任何一種滅絕物種一樣,蘇門答臘犀牛死時都還很年輕;物種經歷生老病死的自然生命階段這一觀點基于一個錯誤的類比;一個瀕臨滅絕的物種,不像一個瀕臨死亡的病人,要延續生命需要昂貴的費用由毫無意義;恰恰相反,絕大多數稀少且數量不斷下降的物種是由年幼健康的個體構成的,他們需要的只是成長和繁殖的空間和時間,但這些已被人類剝奪;

The caus of

8野生蘇門答臘犀牛數量減少的原因很容易理解,但目前卻無法遏制,那些曾經人跡罕至的熱帶雨林區正在被人們迅速地砍伐以索取木材,繼而變成農田和油棕櫚種植園;但僅僅棲息地的毀壞并不一定對蘇門答臘犀牛構成致命威脅,因為在蘇門答臘、婆羅洲、馬來西亞半島,自然保護區足以供養少量但可以維系種群的犀牛;對蘇門答臘犀牛致命的威脅反而是偷獵;偷獵蘇門答臘犀牛的現象非常嚴重,如果不加以遏制,將會在幾年內直接導致該物種的滅絕;偷獵的驅動力是人們對于一種民間傳統藥材的貪婪需求,民間醫師認為雖然沒有可靠證據,犀牛角能治很多疾病,從發熱到喉炎到背疼;其結果就是蘇門答臘犀牛陷入了自由市場中的死亡旋渦;犀牛角數量越少,價格越昂貴,這就導致偷獵現象更為嚴重,犀牛角更為稀少,價格也更為昂貴;

The same unbridled

9無法遏制的市場力量也沖擊著世界其他角落;500年來,克什米爾地區斯利那加市的紡織工用藏羚羊的羊毛作原料;藏羚羊的羊毛品質極高,被波斯人譽為沙圖什羊絨“羊絨之王”;20世紀80年代以末,沙圖什羊絨披肩風行一時,成為國際時尚,被人若無其事的穿戴,例如伊麗莎白二世和超級名?？死锼沟佟げ剂挚死荚鴰н^;市場需求趨勢披肩的年產量由幾百件躍升至數千件,一件披肩單價漲到萬美元;因此,為了獲得更多羊毛,人們就更加無情的捕殺藏羚羊;要織成六英尺的披肩需要三頭以上的羚羊皮毛;現在,每年被獵殺的藏羚羊大概有2萬頭之多,只有大約萬頭在野生狀態下生存,大多數在偏遠的西藏高原西部和中北部;

The sumatran rhino

10蘇門答臘犀牛是全世界大批遭受殘害的物種的一個標準范例;過度獵殺及其他人類行為已使他們瀕臨環境保護科學家們所說的“全球”滅絕的邊緣,結果是世界任何地方都將找不到任何生存的個體;

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