構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)換法、合成法、派生法)-定義和實(shí)例

2024年3月31日發(fā)(作者：男士的英文)

十、構(gòu)詞法

英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法，即轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法和派生法。

（一）轉(zhuǎn)化法

把一個(gè)詞從一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種的方法稱作轉(zhuǎn)化法。

1．由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞，例如：

care n.照顧，當(dāng)心 ------ v. 關(guān)心，擔(dān)心，照顧

cook n.炊事員 ------v. 烹調(diào)

water n.水------v. 澆水

2．由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞，例如：

empty adj.空的------v. 使空、變空

free adj. 自由的------v. 使自由

right adj. 正確的------v. 改正

warm adj. 溫暖的------v. 熱起來；使溫暖

wet adj. 潮濕的------v. 使潮濕

3．由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞，例如：

right adj. 正確的------n. 正確，正義，公正

wrong adj錯(cuò)誤的------n. 錯(cuò)誤

4．有一些同形異類的雙音節(jié)詞，作動(dòng)詞時(shí)重音在后，作名詞時(shí)重音在前，例如:

record v. [

ri

’

k

:

d

] 記錄，錄音；

record n. [’

r

ek:

d

] 記錄，唱片

有個(gè)別詞，作形容詞時(shí)重音在前，作動(dòng)詞時(shí)重音在后，例如：

perfect adj. [’p?:f

ikt

] 完美的；

perfect v. [p?’fekt] 使完善

5．有些詞，因詞尾有清輔音和濁輔音的差別而屬不同詞類。一般說來，詞尾發(fā)清輔音

的多為名詞，發(fā)濁輔音的多為動(dòng)詞。詞尾讀音不同，拼法也常不一樣。但s和th既可讀作

清輔音，又可讀作濁輔音，因而有時(shí)沒有拼法的變化。例如：

advice [?d’vais] n. ; advi [?d’vaiz] v.

excu [iks’kju:s] n. ; excu [iks’kju:z] v.

u [ju:s] ; u [ju:z] v.

個(gè)別詞拼法稍有差別，但讀音相同，例如：

practice n.; practi v.

還有一些詞在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪辉~類時(shí)，元音和拼法同時(shí)發(fā)生變化，例如：

food [fu:d]食物 n. ; feed[fi:d]喂養(yǎng)，給以食物 v.

有些詞既可作形容詞又可作動(dòng)詞，詞形不變而讀音不同，例如：

live adj. [laiv]活的，活潑的; v. [liv] 活著， 生活

（二）合成法

兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞結(jié)合成一個(gè)新詞的方法稱作合成法。用這種方法構(gòu)成的詞叫合成

詞。

1．合成名詞

1）名詞+名詞 前面的名詞修飾后面的名詞，后面的名詞表達(dá)中心意思。前面起修飾

作用的名詞可以表示各種不同的概念，如人、物、用途、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。例如：

C

C

basketball, birthday, football, homework, newspaper, policeman等。

2）形容詞+名詞 如：

blackboard, midnight, loudspeaker等。

3）動(dòng)名詞+名詞 如：

dining-room, drinking-water, swimming-pool等。

4）動(dòng)詞+名詞 如：

pickpocket （扒手）等。

5）名詞+動(dòng)名詞 如：

handwriting 等。

6）動(dòng)詞+副詞 如：

take-off （飛機(jī)起飛）等。

7）副詞+動(dòng)詞 如：

income （收入）等。

8）其他方式構(gòu)成的合成名詞。如：

go-between （中間人）等。

2．合成形容詞

1）形容詞+名詞+ed 如：

cold-blooded, near-sighted, warm-hearted等。

2）形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 如：

good-looking等。

3）副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 如：

hard-working等。

4）名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 如：

peace-loving等。

5）名詞+過去分詞 如：

man-made等。

6）副詞+過去分詞 如：

well-known等。

7）形容詞+過去分詞 如：

new-born等。

8）名詞+形容詞 如：

ice-cool, life-long等。

9）其他方式構(gòu)成的合成形容詞 如：

first-rate

3．合成動(dòng)詞 “副詞+動(dòng)詞”可以構(gòu)成合成動(dòng)詞。合成動(dòng)詞里的副詞除少數(shù)外，多半

是由介詞轉(zhuǎn)化的副詞

1）out 表示“超過”，如：to outdo（優(yōu)于，戰(zhàn)勝）

2）over表示“過分”，如：to oversleep（睡過了頭）

3）under 表示“不足”或“在下”， 如：to underline（在行下劃線）

（三）派生法

在一個(gè)詞上附加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成新詞的方法，稱作派生法。前綴附加在單詞或詞根的前

面，一般不改變?cè)~的詞類，但要引起詞義的變化；后綴附加在單詞或詞根的后面，一般不

改變?cè)~的基本含義，只改變其詞類。使用前綴或后綴可以派生大量新詞，但是由于情況復(fù)

雜，初學(xué)者不應(yīng)隨意亂用它們自創(chuàng)新詞，應(yīng)在使用中多查字典，弄清其準(zhǔn)確含義及讀音。

1．常見的前綴

1）dis-表示否定，可附加在名詞、動(dòng)詞和形容詞前面構(gòu)成新詞，如：

名詞：disorder

動(dòng)詞：disagree

形容詞：dishonest

2）in-, im-, ir- 表示否定，主要附加在外來語形容詞及其派生詞或副詞前面，構(gòu)成新詞，

如：

inactive adj. （不活動(dòng)的） incorrect adj. （不正確的）

impossible adj. （不可能的） impolite adj. （不禮貌的）

3）un-主要附加在大多數(shù)形容詞及其派生副詞或名詞的前面，也可以附加在起形容詞作

用的分詞前面，如：

（1）un+形容詞

unable 不能夠的 unfair 不公平的

unfit 不適宜的 unusual 不尋常的

unhappy 不高興的 unreal 不真實(shí)的

（2）un+過去分詞

unarmed 沒有武裝的 unborn 沒出生的

（3）un+現(xiàn)在分詞

unbelieving 不信的

4）re表示“再一次，重新，返回，向后”幾乎可以附加在所有的動(dòng)詞及其派生名詞或

形容詞前面，構(gòu)成新詞。如：

rebuild v. (to build again)

reopen v. (to open again)

readdress更改地址

rebirth復(fù)活,再生

recall回憶,記起

recollect記得

recover恢復(fù)

reentry再進(jìn)入,重回

reissue再發(fā)行

repay報(bào)答，回報(bào)

reproduce再生,繁殖

recount重計(jì),再算

5）tele含義是far (遠(yuǎn))，多用于與遠(yuǎn)距離有關(guān)的詞，如：

telephone, television

6）kilo含義是thousand（千），如：

kilometre

7）a-含義是on, in 或at, 可以附加在名詞上，構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞。如：

ahead, asleep

2．常見的后綴

1）名詞后綴

（1）-er

a. -er附加在動(dòng)詞后面，表示“從事某種職業(yè)或進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的人”，如：

farmer driver

writer worker

teacher reader

b. -er附加在名詞后面，表示“與這個(gè)名詞有某種關(guān)系的人”，如：

officer prisoner

c. -er附加在表示地點(diǎn)的名詞后面，表示“住在某處的人”如：

villager Londoner

d. -er附加在合成詞后面，表示“從事某種職業(yè)或與某種情況有關(guān)的人”，如：

newcomer storekeeper

e. -er附加在形容詞后面，表示“有某種特征或性質(zhì)的人”，如：

foreigner stranger

f. -er附加在一部分動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成名詞，如：

poster recorder

（2）-or得含義和-er相同，主要附加在外來語后面，如：

conductor visitor

（3）-ist

a. 表示“從事……職業(yè)的人”或“擅長(zhǎng)某種知識(shí)或樂器的人”，如：

pianist chenist

b. 表示“信仰某種主義或制度的人”，通常都有一個(gè)相應(yīng)的以 -ism結(jié)尾的名詞，表示

“……主義”，如：

socialist---socialism communist---communism

（4）-ian附加在以ic(s)結(jié)尾的名詞或形容詞后面，表示“有某種專長(zhǎng)或從事某種事（行）

業(yè)的人”，如：

music---musician politics---politician

（5）-al多半附加在外來語動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成名詞，表示“動(dòng)作”或“行為”，如：

arrive---arrival refu---refusal

（6）-ion, -sion, -tion附加在外來語動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成名詞，表示“動(dòng)作”或“動(dòng)作過程”，

如：

a. 直接加-ion:

act---action collect—collection

invent—invention

b. 動(dòng)詞變化， 再加-tion 或 –sion 構(gòu)成名詞，如：

attend—attention repeat—repetion

（7）-ful可以附加在名詞的后面，表示以該名詞容量為單位的量，如：

glassful (一杯) plateful (一盤)

這些詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加-s,如 glassfuls, handfuls等。

（8）-hood表示“處于……的狀況”“在……時(shí)期”或“具有……氣質(zhì)”。

a. 附加在親屬鄰里關(guān)系的名詞后面，表示“身份、性質(zhì)、狀況”，如：

brotherhood fatherhood

b. 附加在表示不同年齡性別的人的名詞后面，表示“在……時(shí)期”或“具有某種人的

氣質(zhì)”，如：

childhood boyhood

（9）-ment附加在動(dòng)詞后面，表示“行為的結(jié)果”或“從事行動(dòng)的手段”，如：

development improvement

（10）-ness附加在形容詞后面，表示“狀態(tài)、情況、特征、程度”，如：

carelessness illness

kindness badness

（11）-ship附加在表示人的名詞后面，表示“處于……的身份或狀態(tài)”，如：

friend---friendship

（12）-y表示“狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、活動(dòng)”等義，附加在形容詞或動(dòng)詞后面構(gòu)成名詞，如：

difficult adj,----difficulty n.

2) 形容詞后綴

（1）-able或-ible幾乎可以和所有的及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“能夠”（“適于”或“值

得”）做的意思；還表示“傾向于”、“有利于”或“使成為”等意義。-able遠(yuǎn)比-ible用得多，

參看下列例詞；

believe---believable comfort---comfortable

（2）-al附加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，表示：

a.“有……的屬性”，“象……”

b.“具有”，“與……有關(guān)”，“用于……”

以 –al (以及-ial, -ical) 結(jié)尾的形容詞，多半是外來詞或由外來詞根構(gòu)成，很少是英語的

派生詞。有些以 -al結(jié)尾的外來詞，在英語里沒有原名詞詞根，如：real, social等。再如：

centre---central music---musical

（3）-an多半加在以元音結(jié)尾的地名上，構(gòu)成形容詞，如：

America---American India---Indian

（4）-ian常附加在地名或人在地名或人名后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，如：

Canada---Canadian Paris---Parisian

（5）-ed可以附加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“有……的”，如：

age---aged

（6）-en可以附加在物質(zhì)名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，如；

wood---wooden gold---golden

這類形容詞作定語的含義和原來的名詞詞根作定語的含義不同，試比較：

gold medal (金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)? golden medal (金光閃閃的獎(jiǎng)?wù)?

（7）-e可以附加在一部分國名后面，表示“……地方的”，構(gòu)成形容詞；也可構(gòu)成名

詞，表示“……國的人”，如：

China---Chine Japan---Japane

（8）-ful可以附加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“充滿……的”，“易于……的”或“具

有……性質(zhì)的”，如：

beauty---beautiful care---careful

u---uful hope---hopeful

有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞也可以附加-ful，構(gòu)成形容詞，如：forgetful（健忘的）。

（9）-ive和-ative可以附加在外來語動(dòng)詞詞根的后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“從事于（該

動(dòng)詞所表示的）行為”或“傾向于（該動(dòng)詞所表示的）行為”，如：

invent---inventive創(chuàng)造性的，有發(fā)明能力的

talk---talkative好說話的

（10）-less表示“沒有……”，可以附加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，如：

careless colourless

homeless helpless

（11）-ly表示“具有……品質(zhì)的”，附加在人稱名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞。這種形容詞多

半具有贊美的意味，如：

friendly （友好的） fatherly (父親般的)

-ly也可以附加在其他名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，如：

earthly現(xiàn)世的，世俗的 lovely 可愛的

-ly還可以附加在時(shí)間名詞上，表示“按周期發(fā)生”的意思，這些詞既可作形容詞也可

作副詞，有的還可作名詞當(dāng)期刊、雜志的名稱（周刊、季刊、月刊等），如：

hourly每小時(shí)一次 weekly 每周一次

quarterly每季一次 monthly 每月一次

yearly每年一次

（12）-ous表示“充滿…..的”或“具有……性質(zhì)的”，附加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，

如：

danger---dangerous fame---famous

（13）-some表示“具有……特征的”，附加在名詞（或動(dòng)詞）后面構(gòu)成形容詞，如：

trouble---troublesome 使人苦惱或煩惱的，麻煩的

tire---tiresome討厭的，令人厭倦的

worry---worrisome令人煩惱的，容易煩惱的

（14）-y, -ey可以附加在名詞后面，表示“充滿”，“具有……特征”，“有……的性質(zhì)”

或“由……組成”等義，如：

air---airy空氣的，在空中

ice---icy多冰的，嚴(yán)寒的，冷淡的

luck---lucky幸運(yùn)的，偶然發(fā)生的，吉兆的

rain---rainy多雨的

sun---sunny陽光充足的

wind---windy多風(fēng)的，有大風(fēng)的，空洞的

3）動(dòng)詞后綴

（1）-en表示“使……成為”、“使……具有”、“變得”或“變成為……”等意思，附加

在形容詞后面，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，如：

bright---brighten sharp---sharpen

以元音和字母n或w結(jié)尾的一部分形容詞，有些可以直接轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞；有些可以附加

前綴en- 構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，這些詞一律不用后綴 -en，如：

to free to clean

to ensure to enable

轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞有時(shí)和加 -en的派生詞并存，但含義或用法不同，如：

to black boots用黑鞋油擦皮靴

to blacken one’s name玷污某人的名聲

-en在個(gè)別情況下也可以附加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，如：

frighten hearten

（2）-ize (或-i) 表示“使變成……（狀態(tài)）”，“使……化”，“以……處理”，“采取……

行動(dòng)”，“變成……狀態(tài)”或“……化”等意思，附加在形容詞或少數(shù)名詞后面，構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)

詞和少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞，如：

modern---modernize現(xiàn)代化

real---realize認(rèn)識(shí)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)

memory---memorize記住，記錄

organ---organize組織，使有機(jī)化

4）副詞后綴

-ly是最為常見的副詞后綴，可以附加在形容詞上，構(gòu)成與原形容詞詞義相同的副詞，

如：

angrily brightly

cheaply carefully

內(nèi)容提要：

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

二、一般過去時(shí)

三、一般將來時(shí)

四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

七、過去將來時(shí)

八、過去完成時(shí)

練習(xí)

本講正文：

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

初中階段應(yīng)掌握的時(shí)態(tài)共有八種，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)從結(jié)構(gòu)，作用，時(shí)間狀語三方

面加以介紹。

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞 肯定句 主語+am，is，are+其它。

否定句 主語+am，is，are + not+其它。

一般疑問句 Am，Is，Are+主語+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+am，is，are+主語+其它？

實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 1）主語為第一，二人稱及第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)

肯定句 主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。

否定句 主語+don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。

一般疑問句 Do +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？

2）主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)

肯定句 主語+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù) +其它。

否定句 主語+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。

一般疑問句 Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其

它？

其作用為：表示習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)與特征；表示普遍真理

其常用時(shí)間狀語為often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday(week，), in the

morning（afternoon，evening）等。

Ex . 1. _______ she _______ (go)to the library every Sunday?

此題為習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，答案為Does，go.

often _______(swim)in summer.

此題為經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，答案為swim.

3.______(be)everyone here?

此題表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),答案為Is.

earth______(travel) round the sun.

此題表示普遍真理,答案為travels.

二、一般過去時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞 肯定句 主語+was，were+其它。

否定句 主語+was，were + not+其它。

一般疑問句 Was，Were+主語+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+was，were+主語+其它？

實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 肯定句 主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其它。

否定句 主語+didn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。

一般疑問句 Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？

其作用為：表示過去的情況或過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作

其常用時(shí)間狀語為 yesterday，the day before yesterday，...ago，及其它表過去的時(shí)

間，如in 1998 等.

Ex. 1.I_____the number down on a piece of paper a moment ago.

A write B writed C wrote D writing

此題表過去的情況，且write為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，答案為C.

hing______ready before Father came.

A were B was C is D are

此題句中暗示為過去時(shí)，且everything后跟第三人稱單數(shù)，答案為B.

always _______me last term.

A helped B helps C helping D help

此題表過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，且help為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，答案為A.

三、一般將來時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞 肯定句 主語+will be+其它。

否定句 主語+will not be+其它。

一般疑問句 Will+主語be+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+will+主語+be+其它？

實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 肯定句 主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。

否定句 主語+won't+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。

一般疑問句 Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？

當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞可為 shall.且若為疑問句只能為shall.

其作用為:表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).

也可用 主語+am，is，are＋going to do+動(dòng)詞原形+其它來表示計(jì)劃，打算或決定要

做的事情。

對(duì)于很快就會(huì)發(fā)生的事，還可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來，但常局限于有位置移動(dòng)色彩的動(dòng)詞，

如go，come，leave等。

其常用時(shí)間狀語為 tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，，in+時(shí)間段及其它表將來

的時(shí)間，如in 2010 等.

Ex. up，or you_______(be)late.

_____you________(do)tomorrow?

_______(have) 6 subjects next term.

4.I think it________ again later in the day .

A rains B will going to rain C is going to rain D will

be rain

________this time next year?

A will you be B will be you C you will be D will you

going to be

四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為: 肯定句 主語+ am，is，are+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.

否定句 主語+ am，is，are +not+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.

一般疑問句 Am，Is，Are+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+am，is，are+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?

其作用為:表示說話當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

其常用時(shí)間狀語為 now，this week，the days 等,也可是置于句首的 Look，Listen.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示最近按計(jì)劃安排將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常會(huì)有一個(gè)表將來的時(shí)間狀語。但

僅限于少量詞語，如go，come，leave，arrive 等。

注：表態(tài)度,情感的動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)（like，know，want，hear等）

Ex. are planting trees on the hill. （改為否定句）

They are not planting trees on the hill.

is writing a letter to his friend. (改為一般疑問句）

Is Tom writing a letter to his friend?

3.I am getting ready to run. (就劃線部分提問）

What are you getting ready to do?

五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為: 肯定句 主語+was，were+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.

否定句 主語+was，were＋not＋現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.

一般疑問句 Was，Were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+was，were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?

其作用為：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

其時(shí)間狀語為：at this time＋過去時(shí)間 (at this time yesterday)，at that time， at＋具體時(shí)

間點(diǎn)+過去時(shí)間（at 9:00 o'clock last night），from 具體時(shí)間點(diǎn) to 具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)+過去時(shí)間(from

7:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning)。

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以與一般過去時(shí)搭配用于時(shí)間狀語從句中。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)用過去進(jìn)行

時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作瞬間發(fā)生時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)。常用連詞為when，while.

Ex. __________(not work) at that time.

wasn't working.

the teacher_________(come)in，they_________(talk) loudly.

came 為瞬間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,were talking 為持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。

______you_______(read) last night?

如此題強(qiáng)調(diào)的是昨夜正在讀什么，則答案為 were，reaing如此題強(qiáng)調(diào)的是昨夜讀了什么，

則答案為 did，read

mother ________(return)while he_______(do)his homework.

returned為瞬間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,was doing 為持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。

father______(watch)TV while my mother_________(cook).

was watching，was cooking 兩動(dòng)詞均為持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。

while 后的從句動(dòng)詞必須為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。若主句和從句均為進(jìn)行時(shí)，連詞必須為

while .

六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為：肯定句 主語+ have，has +過去分詞+其它。

否定句 主語+ have，has +not+過去分詞+其它。

一般疑問句 Have，Has+ 主語+過去分詞+其它?

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+ have，has+主語+過去分詞+其它?

其作用與時(shí)間狀語：

1）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作影響到現(xiàn)在，常與 already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等副詞連

用。

2）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如 for+時(shí)間段,

since+過去時(shí)間，提問用How long.

此外，so far, in (during) the last (past)+時(shí)間段 也是該時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。

在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的第二個(gè)作用中，必須使用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故某些表瞬間的動(dòng)詞需要特定的

轉(zhuǎn)換形式。

如：die---have been dead，open---have been open, clo---have been clod，buy---have had,

borrow---have kept

arrive (in，at),come(to)+ a place---have been in +a place，leave+ a place---have been away

from+ a place，join+團(tuán)體---have been in+團(tuán)體,have been a+團(tuán)體成員等

Ex. 1 How long have you ______the book?

A borrowed B kept C lent D bought

答案為B。因此處需要一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

_________each other since he ______.

A didn't e，left B haven't en，has left C haven't en，left

答案為C.因since的主句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句為過去時(shí)。

3.____he______(wait) for you for an hour? Has，waited

________just______(have) our lunch. Have，had

far, no man_________(visit) this village. has visited

七、過去將來時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞 肯定句 主語+would be+其它。

否定句 主語+would not be+其它。

一般疑問句 Would+主語+be+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+would+主語+be+其它？

實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 肯定句 主語+Would+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。

否定句 主語+wouldn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。

一般疑問句 Would+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+would+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其

它？

注：也可用 was，were＋going to do 的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。

其作用為:表示從過去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的事情.此時(shí)態(tài)常用于主句是一般過去時(shí)的賓

語從句中。

Ex. told me that she________(go)to the park the next day. would go

didn't know when he________(arrive)until he called us. would arrive

asked if they ________(visit )the farm by bus. were going to visit

八、過去完成時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為：肯定句 主語+ had + 過去分詞+其它。

否定句 主語+ had + not+過去分詞+其它。

一般疑問句 Had+ 主語+ 過去分詞+其它?

特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+ had+ 主語+過去分詞+其它?

其作用為：過去某時(shí)之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，即過去的過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。

此時(shí)態(tài)常用于

1）以by，before+過去時(shí)間，時(shí)間段+before，the ()before為時(shí)間狀語的簡(jiǎn)單句中。

2）主句為一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。

3）與一般過去時(shí)搭配，用于when，after，before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中

Ex. ____(be) there twice by the end of last year. had been

_________(finish)the work before 1998. had finished

said he ________(e) the film the week before. had en

sun________(ri) when he got up. had rin

day,I ________(leave)the classroom after I ______(clean) it. left had

cleaned

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，關(guān)于終止性動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的要求，在過去完成時(shí)中，依然適用。

EXERCISES

用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.I usually (get) up at six，but yesterday I (get) up at ven, and

tomorrow I (get) up at eight.

I got there, you already (start) playing.

(draw) a hor at this time yesterday.

(study) in this school for 3 years.

it (not rain) tomorrow, they (go) fishing.

said that she (put) on the new dress the next day.

many times the girl (e) the film since last year?

(collect) more than two hundred Chine stamps.

the end of last month, he (teach) us four English songs.

doctors (operate) on the sick boy now.

brother (speak) French well.

(be) a volleyball match on the playground tomorrow afternoon.

,the students (have) a physics lesson in the lab.

we (arrive) home yesterday afternoon, the wind (blow) hard.

never (hear) the story of Miss Evans before.

16.I (not write) to my friend Mike for a long time.

(not open) the window. It (be) cold outside.

up! We (wait) for you.

! Someone (knock) at the door.

you know if he (come) next week?

they (build) a high way between the two cities.

22.I just (buy) a dictionary. I (buy) it last week. Now, I (look) up a

word in it.

(finish) junior middle school in July 1997.

's sister (play) the piano wonderfully.

didn't get the tickets becau our teacher (give) them all to the other class.

26. it (take) you half an hour to finish your homework yesterday?

teacher told us that we (not have) a maths test the next Monday.

28. the bus (come) yet?

foreign friends (be) to the Great Wall twice.

isn't at home. He (go) to his uncle's.

31."Mother,may I go out and play?"

" you (clean) your bedroom?"

"Yes, I (do) it five minutes ago."

boy is not hungry. He (have) his lunch.

33.I think the suit (fit) me before long though it (not fit) me now.

soon as the rain (stop),they (go) out and played happily.

(call) you in a day or two.

36.I (tell) her the news as soon as she (come) back. I promi you.(我答應(yīng)

你)

aunt (study) in Germany at this time last year.

38 you (read) this book? No, but I (borrow) one from the

library .Would you like to go with me?

keep quiet. Can't you e we (talk) about something important?

teacher often (work) at night but she usually (go) to work on time.

單項(xiàng)選擇、填空

( )1.---Where is Kate? ---She _____ to England.

A．has been B．has gone C．will be D．will go

( )____he_____ when his mother opened the door?

A．did，do B． had done C ．will do D． was，

doing

( )3.---How long _____the man_____? ---For 4 years.

A．has，died B．did，die C． was，died D．has，

been dead

( ) told us that she ________ our factory the next day.

A． had visited B． was visited C． would visit D．will

visit

( ) _____ not go to the cinema if it _______this afternoon.

A．will，will snow B． will，snows C．do，snows D．do，

will snow

( ) Lee said he _____ never _____to Japan.

A．has，gone B． has，been C． had，gone D．had，

been

( ) earth _____ around the sun all the year.

A． has moved B ．moved C．moves D． will

move

( )_______his bike，he has to walk to school.

A． lost B． los C． has lost D． had

lost

( )9.I was late for the meeting. When I reached there，all the people____.

A．had left B． has been left C．has left D．had

been away

( ) years has pasd since I ______you the first time.

A．meet B． have met C． met D．had

met

( )11.I ________in Beijing for half a year now.

A． was B．have come C．had come D．have been

( ) we _______the railway station，the train _____for 5 minutes.

A．got to，had been away B． reached，had left

C．a(chǎn)rrived，has been away D． arrived at，has left

( )13.---_____ we go and e Liu Ming tomorrow?

---Good idea! He _____be very plead.

A． Will，will B． Shall，will C． Shall，shall D． Will，

shall

( ) story _______in London in1940.

A． happened B． has happened C．happens D． was

happening

( )，the birds ______ towards the south. They _____ to the south every year.

A．a(chǎn)re flying，flies B．fly，are flying

C．a(chǎn)re flying，fly D．were flying，flew

( ) long have you ____the book?

A． bought B． borrowed C． keep D． had

( )17.I have _____the USA for two months.

A． been to B． gone to C． been in D． went

( )_______millions of trees on the hills in a few years' time.

A．have planted B．planted C． will plant D． plant

( )_______a film this evening.

A．e B．a(chǎn)re eing C．shall e D．a(chǎn)re going to e

( ) brother ________a League member for three years.

A． has been B． has become C． has joined D．was

( ) knew Beijing very well becau he ______there many times.

A． had been B． went C． has been D．was

( ) uncle _____the Army two years ago.

A． joins B． joined C．has joined D．has been

in

( )____there already.

A． arrives B． arrived C． has arrived D． has been

( )______to me as soon as you ________ there.

A． write，get B． wrote，got C． writing，get D． write，

will get

( )_____some friends and he often ______ them during his stay in Tokyo.

A． has, visits B． has, visited C． had, visited D． had,

visits

( ) often _____you ____to the park when you were in Tianjin?

A． do, go B． did, go C． will, go D． have,

gone

( ) do you________ do tomorrow?

A． want to B． going to C． go to D． like to

( ) students _____ on a farm for ten days. Then they ____ to a factory.

Though they _____ back at school, they still remembered tho famers and

workers.

A． have stayed，went，were B． had stayed，go，are

C． have stayed，go，have been D． had stayed，went，

were

( ) ______ Thursday tomorrow.

A． is going to be B． will going to be C． will D． will

be

( )30.I _______ him since we last met in 1998.

A． don't e B． haven't en C． didn't e D． have en

( ) mother often _________ clothes last summer.

A． wash B． washes C． washed D． is washing

( )_______always late for school when he was young.

A． is B． was C． will be D． were

( ) usually _____to school by bus.

A．go B． went C． goes D． will go

( ) summer I went to Beijing and ______ there for one month.

A． have stayed B． stays C． stay D． had stayed

( ) night, my father _____ reading the book for about 2 hours.

A． keeps B． had kept C． kept D． has kept

( ) you know that sound ________ much more slowly than light.

A． go B． went C． goes D． will go

( ) soon as he __________ home, he will have a bath.

A． get B． will get C． gets D． is getting

( ) fell asleep while he ______a book.

A read B was reading C is reading D had read

( ), someone ______a picture on the blackboard. How beautiful it looks!

A． draws B． is drawing C．has drawn D． drew

( ) at the empty room. All the guests_________.

A． are, leaving B． left C． have left D． will leave

( ),Susan!What a beautiful dress my mother ________me!

A． is buying B． has bought C． buys D． bought

( ) father died when he _______ a child.

A is B was C had been D has been

( ) arrived after the film_______.

A． has started B． had started

C． was started D． had been started

( )'s wait till the rain_______.

A ．has stopped B． will stop C． is stopping D． stops

( ) ____5 years since we knew each other.

A． is B． had been C． will be D． was

( ) ____sad since you went away.

A． has been B． is C． was D． had been

( )47.I _____him for two months.

A． got to know B． have got to know C．have know D．knew

( )'s why you ______so worried in the last few days.

A． are B． have been C． had been D． were

( ) scientist ________us a talk on air by then.

A． gave B． will give C．gives D． had given

( )50._____5:30 yesterday，they had finished th work.

A． At B． In C． On D． By

( )51.I think he will be back ____three days .

A． after B． in C． on D． later

( )52.I think he will be back ______three o'clock.

A．a(chǎn)fter B． in C． on D．later

( ) is Jim? He _______his lessons in the classroom.

A． does B． is doing C． has done D． did

( )54. Where is Jim? He ______to London.

A． has gone B． goes C． went D． will go

( ) he got to the cinema，the film had ____for half an hour.

A． begun B． been on C． started D． been in

( )56.---Did you e him last night? ---No, he _____to bed when I got home.

A． went B． had gone C． has gone D． had been

( )57.---_____you _____the medicine? ---Yes，I ______it after lunch.

A． Did take，took B． have taken，have taken

C． Have taken，took D． will take，takes

( )_______the Great Wall twice，and now she still ____to go there.

A． went to，wanted B． goes to，wants

C． has gone to，wants D． has been to，wants

( )59.---Excu me. Look at the sign：No smoking. ---Sorry, I ____ it.

A． don't e B． didn't e C． haven't en D． won't e

( ) has worked there ______ two years ago.

A．for B． at C． in D． since

( )61.I______you for a long time. Where _____ you_______?

A didn't e，did go B didn't e，have gone

C haven't en，have been D haven't en，have gone

( ) has _____been to Shanghai，has he?

A． already B． never C． ever D． still

( )63.---Tom _______out. ---Oh，has he? What time ____ he _____ out?

A． is，did，go B． went，is，going

C． has gone，did，go D． is going，does，go

( )64.---Where is Li Lei?

---He ____ his sports shoes in the room. He ____football with his friends.

A． is puttng on，is playing B． puts on，will play

C． is putting on，will play D． put on，played

( ) and Lucy can speak good Chine becau they _____China for 6 years.

A． have been in B． have been to C． have come to D． were

( ) students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike if it _____fine tomorrow.

A． will be B． is C． was D． does

( ) ____a birthday card for Sam yesterday.

A． has bought B． buys C． bought D． will buy

( ) long ______at this factory?

A． have you come B． has he in C． will he be D． had he been

( )69.I've _______this dictionary _______a year. It's still new now.

A． bought，for B． had，for C． bought，since D． had，

since

( ) I got to the factory，the workers ____about the film.

A． are，talking B． have talked C． were talking D． talked

( ) knowledge of the univer _____all the time.

A． grow B． is growing C． grows D． grew

( ) remembered he _______a new jacket, but he _____for it.

A．has chon，has paid B．has chon，hasn't paid

C．had chon，had paid D．had chon，hadn't paid

( )73.I'll catch up with Lucy before she _____the finishing line.

A． reach B． is reaching C． reaches D． will reach

( )74.---Meimei，why didn't you give the book to Ann?

---Well，she ____a copy for herlf last week.

A． buys B． had bought C． has bought D． bought

( ) inside. It ______hard outside right now.

A． is raining B． has rained C． was raining D． rains

( )76.---Would you plea not draw pictures on the wall? ---Sorry, I ______it again.

A． am not doing B． don't do C． didn't do D． won't do

( )77.---How long have you _____there? ---About 4 years.

A． come B． gone C． left D． worked

( )______his homework and now is listening to music.

A． finished B． will finish C． has finished D． finish

( ) Reads ____ lunch when I got to their hou.

A． were having B． was having C． are having D． is having

( ) hair ____ white the days.

A． have turned B． are C． has turned D． will be

部分答案：

1．B has been to 表示去過某地，但現(xiàn)在已回來。has gone to表示去了某地，且現(xiàn)在還

未回來。C、D選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

2．D 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)他媽媽開門的一瞬間他正在做什么，而非做了什么。B，C選項(xiàng)不符合

題意。

3．D How long，for 均暗示本題應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，且 die 為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與for+時(shí)

間段連用，C 為干擾項(xiàng).

4．C told，the next day 均暗示本題應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)，A 不符合題意，B 為干擾項(xiàng)。

5．B 在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，要求主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

6．D said，never 均暗示本題應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，而此題又強(qiáng)調(diào)主語從未去過日本。

7．C 此題為客觀真理，必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

8．C 本題表示發(fā)生在過去的丟車事件對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成步行上學(xué)的影響。

9．A 到達(dá)會(huì)場(chǎng)發(fā)生在過去，人已離開又發(fā)生在到達(dá)會(huì)場(chǎng)之前。應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。本

題中沒有動(dòng)作持續(xù)的暗示，故不選D.

10．C since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，主句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)。

11．D for 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段必須要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

12．A 本題時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為過去范疇，車開在先，人到在后，且for的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志從句動(dòng)詞應(yīng)

為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

13．B Shall we/I do sth 是爭(zhēng)求對(duì)方意見或建議的常用句型，且shall只能用于第一人

稱 .

14．A 本題為過去范疇，且不強(qiáng)調(diào)某一具體時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作，所以選A.

15．C 本題 look 暗示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，every year 則表規(guī)律性動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

16．D 與 How long 搭配應(yīng)用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，keep 不是過去分詞故選 D.

17．C 與 for+時(shí)間段搭配應(yīng)用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

18．C in+時(shí)間段用于將來時(shí)。

19．D 本題 this evening 可考慮為將來的時(shí)間狀語，故只能選D。

20．A 與 for +時(shí)間段搭配應(yīng)用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

21．A 因過去多次去北京才導(dǎo)致了解該城市，而主句已為過去時(shí)，故選A。

22．B 本題為過去時(shí)，與動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性或終止性無關(guān)。

23．C 本題為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第一種用法，與動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性或終止性無關(guān)。

24．A 本題主句為祈使句，相當(dāng)于一般將來時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選 A.

25．C 本題 during his stay in Tokyo表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。

26．B 根據(jù)從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)題示主句應(yīng)為過去時(shí)，而不能單獨(dú)看How often。

就用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

27．A 本題雖有tomorrow，但因出現(xiàn)助動(dòng)詞do，故不考慮將來時(shí)，且want具有將來

色彩。

28．D 本題最后一句出現(xiàn)remembered，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，而去農(nóng)場(chǎng)又發(fā)生在去工

廠之前，且有for+時(shí)間段做時(shí)間狀語，故選D。

29．D 星期變化為客觀規(guī)律，不是推測(cè)或打算。故選D 不選A。

30．B since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句現(xiàn)為一般過去時(shí)。e為終

止性動(dòng)詞，但其否定形式可用于since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句中。

31．C

32．B

33．C often，always，usually 等副詞若與過去時(shí)間狀語同時(shí)出現(xiàn),則服從后者。

34．D

35．B for+時(shí)間段若與過去時(shí)間狀語同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，則服從后者。故此兩題用過去完成時(shí)。

36．C 賓語從句的主句為過去時(shí)，但從句為客觀真理，所以仍保留一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).

37．C as soon as要求主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

38．B while 后面應(yīng)跟著進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而主句的felt 則暗示過去范疇。

39．C 本題易錯(cuò)選B和D，但后面的感嘆句表明畫畫已成事實(shí)，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。

故選C。

40．C

41．B 此兩題思路與No 39.相同，均應(yīng)考慮過去動(dòng)作影響現(xiàn)在。

42．B 本題必須用過去時(shí)態(tài)，但沒有跡象表明動(dòng)作的先后順序，所以選B不是 C。

43．B 本題必須用過去范疇，但有跡象表明動(dòng)作的先后順序，電影放映在先，人隨后

到，且電影開演不必用被動(dòng)所以選B。

44．D 主句為祈使句，till 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句要求用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

45．A It is+時(shí)間段+since引導(dǎo)過去時(shí)為固定句型。

46．A since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)。與上句的固定

句式不同。

47．C for 前面應(yīng)跟完成時(shí)和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。get to do sth屬于終止性動(dòng)詞搭配。

48．B in(during) the last(past)+時(shí)間段用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

49．B by then 在這里理解為“屆時(shí)”用于將來時(shí)。

50．D 本題不應(yīng)見到具體時(shí)刻便選A。應(yīng)考慮到后面的過去完成時(shí)。

51．B in+時(shí)間段用于將來時(shí)。.D選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為three days later。

52．A after+時(shí)間段用于過去時(shí)，若在將來時(shí)中應(yīng)帶具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

53．B

54．A 試比較這兩題，雖問句相同但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同故答案不同。

55．B sth begin的持續(xù)性對(duì)應(yīng)詞為 sth has(had) been on。

56．B 我到時(shí)他已去睡覺了而不是去睡過覺。故選B。

57．C 本題用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)詢問是否完成某事，經(jīng)肯定后再用一般過去時(shí)說何時(shí)完成的。

58．D 前一分句有 twice 表示去過，后一分句now，still 表現(xiàn)在還想去。

59．B 說沒看見應(yīng)是談話之前發(fā)生的，經(jīng)提醒現(xiàn)已看見。故選B不選C。

60．D since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，for 后跟時(shí)間段。

61．C for 后跟時(shí)間段用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。問對(duì)方上哪去了說明對(duì)方已回來，即去過某

地。

62．B 反意疑問句中附加問句部分是肯定形式，故前面應(yīng)為否定。

63．C has he 部分說明應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而具體外出時(shí)間則在過去。

64．C 此時(shí)此地問人在哪里，回答為正在某地做某事。下一步要做的動(dòng)作用將來時(shí)。

65．A have been in表示在某處居住或逗留了一段時(shí)間。

66．B if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句主句是將來時(shí)，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。fine是形容詞。

67．C yesterday是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。

68．C How long不僅可與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，還可與現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)，將來時(shí)連用。此

題用排除法。A為終止性動(dòng)詞，B為干擾項(xiàng)，D無跡象表明過去的過去。

69．B buy是終止性動(dòng)詞其代替詞是have。

70．C 當(dāng)從句某一突然動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作一直在持續(xù)，又在過去范疇。故用過去

進(jìn)行時(shí)。

71．B

72．D 上面兩題均為課文原句。一題強(qiáng)調(diào)知識(shí)一直在不斷增長(zhǎng)，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。一題

強(qiáng)調(diào)―記起‖的內(nèi)容發(fā)生在―記起‖這一動(dòng)作之前。并要考慮轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。

73．C before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句對(duì)于將要發(fā)生的事情也是主將從現(xiàn)。

74．D last week 是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。

75．A right now表現(xiàn)在。

76．D 道歉后應(yīng)許諾將不會(huì)再做。

77．D 四個(gè)詞中只有 work 是持續(xù)性，可與How long 同時(shí)使用。

78．C 發(fā)生在過去的完成作業(yè)的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成可以欣賞音樂的結(jié)果。

79．A 姓氏前有the后有s，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，從句是由when引導(dǎo)的表示過去

的時(shí)間狀語從句，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

80．C hair是不可數(shù)名詞，the days 表現(xiàn)階段的變化結(jié)果。

整體結(jié)構(gòu)為：be+過去分詞

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的例外內(nèi)容

練習(xí)1.將下列主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)

2．單項(xiàng)選擇

3．動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

正文

英語中的語態(tài)也是謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中有

兩種語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。前者表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，后者則表示主語是謂

語動(dòng)作的承受者。只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

初中階段要掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(含一般將來時(shí))的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。有能

力的同學(xué)還可試著理解現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。現(xiàn)將相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)介紹如下。

整體結(jié)構(gòu)為：be+過去分詞

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am，is，are+過去分詞

一般過去時(shí)：was，were+過去分詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： can，may，must 等+be+過去分詞

(一般將來時(shí): will,shall be+過去分詞)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am，is，are +being+過去分詞

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have，has +been+過去分詞

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法

1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

2）當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的練習(xí)中可借助此竅門理解。

賓變主，主從by。

be的數(shù)量和時(shí)態(tài)。

不用 did和 by I。

其余可以抄下來。

第一句強(qiáng)調(diào)原主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語，即動(dòng)作承受者變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。原主動(dòng)語態(tài)中

主語，則由中文譯為"被"的介詞by 引出。

第二句強(qiáng)調(diào)be 動(dòng)詞要隨著時(shí)態(tài)及主語的單復(fù)數(shù)發(fā)生變化。

第三句強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要使用過去分詞而不是過去式，且介詞by 的后面跟人稱代詞的

賓格形式。

第四句強(qiáng)調(diào)其它句子成分可以照抄。(例外內(nèi)容將在后面單獨(dú)講解。)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的例外內(nèi)容

1。帶雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有直接賓語和間接賓語。在用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語變成主

語，另一賓語保留在謂語后面。若以表物的直賓做主語,則間賓前需有介詞.

teacher gave us a book.

We were given a book by the teacher.

A book was given to us by the teacher.

Her mother always buys her some books .

She is always bought some books by her mother.

Some books are always bought for her by her mother.

2.省to不定式做賓補(bǔ)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞make，let，have，e，hear，等后接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，

動(dòng)詞不定式都需去掉to。但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中后面的不定式都需加to。

eg.A small boy saw him enter the hou.

He was en to enter the hou (by a small boy).

His parents make him brush his teeth after every meal.

He is made to brush his teeth after every meal (by his parents).

除非要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,否則一般來說,被動(dòng)語態(tài)可省略 by 引導(dǎo)的部分。如沒有把握

就不要輕易省去.

EXE.1.將下列主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

答案

1)People call him Little Tom.

（答案）

2)Children often sing this song.

（答案）

3)People all over the world know the Great Wall.

（答案）

4)The students clean the room every day.

（答案）

5)A PLA man saved the boy.

（答案）

6)The students gave the foreign friends a warm welcome.

（答案）

7)Did you write the letter?

（答案）

8)John answered all the questions.

（答案）

9)My brother will mend by bike for me.

（答案）

10)We shall paint the wall.

（答案）

11)He has already done the exercis.

（答案）

12)We can finish the work the day after tomorrow.

（答案）

13)People must not take the books out of the library.

（答案）

14)Who wrote the story?

（答案）

15)Where can I buy the dictionary?

（答案）

16)We produce this kind of car in China.

（答案）

17)Do you u it for cooking?

（答案）

18)When did you build the bridge?

（答案）

19)We should learn more English.

（答案）

20)People saw a man come in.

（答案）

21)We must look after our own things.

（答案）

22)Will they show a new film next week?

（答案）

23)Have you nt the letter yet?

（答案）

24)Father tells me a story every night.

（答案）

25)Many people speak English.

（答案）

26)The boss made the workers work ten hours a day.

（答案）

27)He isn't cleaning the blackboard now.

（答案）

28)The teacher helped the students work out the maths problem.

（答案）

29)We can do it this way.

（答案）

30)Do you water your flowers every day?

（答案）

31)You must answer the question in English.

（答案）

32)The workers plant many trees along the road.

（答案）

33)He broke the window yesterday.

（答案）

34)You must return the book on time.

（答案）

35)I have put the vegetables in the basket.

（答案）

36)She asked me to come in and have a talk.

（答案）

37)We saw a lot of boys playing in the park.

（答案）

38)Yesterday we heard them sing in the next room.

（答案）

39)You must nd your sister to hospital at once.

（答案）

40)The foreigners can't understand this word.

（答案）

41)Mike drew a picture on the paper.

（答案）

42)Someone took away the boxes just now.

（答案）

43)He taught himlf maths from the text book.

（答案）

44)The child enjoys watching TV.

（答案）

45)The little boy cut his finger.

（答案）

2.單項(xiàng)選擇。

1)The rivers smells must_______dirty things into it.

stopped to throw stopped from throwing

to throw from throwing

2)Paper ______first invented in China about two thousand years ago.

3)---Do you like the flower? ---Yes,it______sweet.

smelling B. smelt smelt

4)It snowed heavily last ground_________thick snow.

covered with filled with

made of d with

5)The light in the room_______before you leave.

turn off turn off

turned D must be turned off

6)_____the kind of question often_____in your class,Ann?

,ask ,asked ,asked ,ask

7)The bridge___in three weeks.

build built be built

8)The old men and the children must_____in our country.

good care taken good care

good care of taken good care of

9)Paul doesn't have to be made_______.He always works hard.

learn d ng

10)The girl was unhappy becau she______by some boys in the class.

laughed laughed

d at laughed at

11)We_____that the English test____next Monday.

told,gives ,will give

told,will be given ,is going to be given

12)Great changes______place in China since 1978.

been taken taken

been taken

13)______the red pencil-box_______by your father last week?

,bought ,bought ,buy ,buy

14)Mary_____many songs at the party.

sing to sing

heard sing heard to sing

15)_____trees usually________in April?

,planted ,planted

,plant ,planted

16)When we got there,the broken road_____repaired.

being being been D./

17)The windows of the room____once a week.

been cleaned cleaned

cleaned cleaning

18)In 1620,about half the USA_______forests.

A. was covered covered by

filled with d with

19)The young tree______the stick.

be tied to be tied by

tie to be tied with

20)A prent_____me by my friend on my birthday.

giving given to

given for give to

21)By_____was the book_____?

,wrote ,write

,written g

22)Films about crime and violence（暴力與犯罪）_______

by young children.

not e be not en

not be en be en

23)In warm weather fruit and meat______long.

't be kept 't keep

not kept 't keeping

24)Half the world's telephone calls________in English.

made making made

25)That building____now.

building built being built

26)The trees in our school_____every Friday afternoon.

watered watering watered

27)More "Great Green Walls" must____all over the world.

built building built

28)His school bag____by a woman ten minutes ago.

away taken away taken off taken

29)The books and magazines________in the library for years.

kept been kept kept

30)It____that she______very clever.

said ,is said,were

said,is said,is being

31)This table is____wood.

in from

of by

32)Cotton _____in our hometown.

grown grown

33)The English party________once a month in our class.

helding holding held

34)Luckily,he was not______.

hurt hurted g

35)Our Party______the people and our Party_____by the people.

,is loved ,is loved

,loves loving,is loved

36)English______in many country,but the Chine______their

own language.

spoken,speaks ,is spoken

spoken,speak ,speak

37)This kind of machine_______cutting paper.

ud for using for ud to for

38)That hou______in have lived there for nearly 10 years.

built built

39)The fish_____in the lake.

looked after well looked after well

looking after well looked well

40)Yesterday a visitor_____something about his hometown.

asked asking asked D asked

41)---Do you like this kind of paper?

---Yes,it_______very nice.

felt feeling

42)The books____well.

being sold sold

43)The boy_____lost on his way home yesterday.

44)Though the coat is a bit large now,it ______me very soon.

be fit fit C. fit

45)The old woman was killed_____a knife.

3.動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1)The bottle (break) by the cat yesterday.

2)A tall tree (can,e) in the picture.

3)The sports meeting (hold) last week.

4)We (tell) yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia.

5)Look, (take) to the station by Mark in his car.

6)The trees should (water) after they (plant).

7)The TV t (make) in (make) last April.

8)Colour TVs (ll) in that shop.

9)When the People's Republic of China (found)?

10)Have you moved into the new hou?

Not rooms (paint) now.

11)An American film often (show)on TV on Sundays.

12)She (tell) the good news as soon as she arrived.

13)Look! A big modern bridge (build) over the river.

14)e (remember)by the Chine people for ever.

15)A recorder often (u) in our English class.

16) this song on the radio?

Yes,it last week.

it again?

Yes,I think so.(teach)

17) this kind of telephone (produce) in Guangzhou?

18)The sports meeting ( not hold) if it snows tomorrow.

19)My grandfather was born in the year when our Party (found).

20)All the bicycles (ll) out before we arrived.

21)The Great Wall (know) to people all over the world.

22)The things can't (put) here.

23)The picture (draw) many years ago.

24)Football (play) in most middle schools.

25)The two thieves (catch) by the police last night.

26)The money (must,pay) after you buy the goods.

27)His bag finally (find) behind the door.

28) your clothes (wash) very often?

29)A year (divide 分成)into four asons.

30)We (tell) to be here at six o'clock.

31)This change (call) a physical change.

32) the work (finish) yet?

33)Bad things (can,turn) into good things.

34)They (ask) to speak at the meeting yesterday.

35)The shop (open) at eight and (clo) at six.

36)Class (begin) at eight in the morning.

37)A terrible accident (happen) last night.

38)This piece of cloth (feel) soft.

39)How it (get) broken?

40)Last night,he (e) (steal) his friend's money by someone.

EXE答案

1．將下列主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

1）He is called Little Tom.

2）This song is often sung by children.

3）The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.

be known to sb.是固定搭配,譯為―為人所知‖。

4）The room is cleaned by the students every day.

5）The boy was saved by a PLA man.

6）The foreign friends were given a warm welcome by the students.

A warm welcome was given to the foreign friends by the students.

7）Was the letter written?

8）All the questions were answered by John.

9）My bike will be mended by my brother.

10）The wall will be painted by us.

主語是第一人稱可用shall，但主語若不是第一人稱，絕不能用shall。

11）The exercis have been already done by him.

12）The work can be finished the day after tomorrow.

13）The books must not be taken out of the library.

14）Whom/Who was the story written by?

本題參考單選第21題。

15）Where can the dictionary be bought?

16）This kind of car is produced in China.

17）Is it ud for cooking？

18）When was the bridge built?

19）More English should be learned.

20）A man was en to come in.

21）Our own things must be looked after.

本題參考單選第8題。

22）Will a new film be shown next week?

23）Has the letter been nt yet?

24）I am told a story every night by Father.

A story is told to me by Father every night.

25）English is spoken by many people.

26）The workers were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.

27）The blackboard isn't being cleaned now.

28）The students were helped (to) work out the maths problem by the teacher.

29）It can be done this way.

30）Are your flowers watered every day？

31）The question must be answered in English.

32）Many trees are planted by the workers along the road.

33）The window was broken by him yesterday.

34）The book must be returned on time.

35）The vegetables have been put in the basket.

36）I was asked to come in and have a talk.

37）A lot of boys were en playing in the park.

38）They were heard to sing in the next room yesterday.

39）Your sister must be nt to hospital at once.

40）This word can't be understood by the foreigners.

41）A picture was drawn on the paper by Mike.

42）The boxes were taken away just now.

43）本題不可改為被動(dòng)語態(tài),因賓語是反身代詞。

44）本題不可改為被動(dòng)語態(tài),因賓語是動(dòng)名詞，賓語若為不定式，也不能改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

45）本題不可改為被動(dòng)語態(tài),因賓語是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者身上的部位或器官.

2．單項(xiàng)選擇題

1）stop sb. from doing sth.應(yīng)譯為阻止某人做某事。從本句中可以看出，河水的味道不好。

所以人們應(yīng)該被阻止向河中扔臟物這一壞行為。故答案為B。

2）造紙術(shù)首先在中國被發(fā)明，且是很早以前的事情。故答案為C。

3）此句中的smell是系動(dòng)詞，意思是聞起來。按此意解時(shí)無進(jìn)行時(shí)及被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案

為D。

4）be covered with 譯為―被......所覆蓋‖，正符合本題意.故選A。

5）turn off 譯為―關(guān)燈‖，而燈做主語應(yīng)是被關(guān)。由before做連詞的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句

應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含有將來色彩。故選D。

6）問題經(jīng)常在課上被問，故選B。

7）in three weeks 譯為―三周后‖，表將來。而橋應(yīng)被建，故選C。

8）在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，如含有固定搭配形式的動(dòng)詞短語，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，切不要將短語

中的介詞或副詞忘掉或省略。故選D。

9）―使某人做某事‖的主動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為 make sb. do sth.。在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)需添上不定式

符號(hào)to。故選B。本題譯為：Paul沒有必要被逼著學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗恢睂W(xué)習(xí)很努力。

10）小女孩之所以不高興是因?yàn)楸蝗顺靶Γ嗽~組的英文是

laugh at sb.。又因主句暗示時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)，故選D。

11）本句強(qiáng)調(diào)我們被告知，而非我們告訴別人，因動(dòng)詞tell的后面沒有間接賓語。下周

又是將來范疇。故選C。

12）動(dòng)詞短語take place 譯為―發(fā)生‖=happen，是不及物的搭配，因此沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。since

又是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，故選B。

13）由介詞by 引出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者肯定是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選B。

14）hear sb. do sth. 是主動(dòng)語態(tài),sb .be heard to do sth.是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句未出現(xiàn)Mary 聽

到別人(即賓語)唱歌，所以只能理解為被人聽到她唱歌。故選D。

15）樹應(yīng)被種，且usually和in April 均暗示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B。

16）當(dāng)我們到時(shí)，路正在被修。且從句中出現(xiàn)got，故選B。

17）該句的主語是the windows而不是the room。時(shí)間狀語又是每周一次，所以是一般現(xiàn)

在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選C。

18）本題意思是America被forests所覆蓋。1620年發(fā)生在過去，美國國土的一半（省略

land）不可數(shù)。be covered by（with）是固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)少介詞with。故選B。

19）譯為―將...系在...上面‖，小樹苗應(yīng)該被系在木棍兒上。故選A。

20）動(dòng)詞give后可跟雙賓語。本題以直賓做被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，間賓前則應(yīng)加上介詞to。

故選B。

21）這是一個(gè)介詞提前的特殊疑問句，意思是―這本書是誰寫的？‖ 做介詞賓語只能用

whom，故選C。本題如果把by放在句尾,則who,whom均可。

22）含暴力與犯罪的電影不應(yīng)該被青少年看。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是將not 放在情態(tài)動(dòng)

詞后而不是be 動(dòng)詞后。故選C。

23）天熱時(shí)食物不會(huì)被保存很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。水果和肉類是兩種東西，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，所以不能

選C。故選A。

24）telephone calls是可數(shù)名詞,故選A。make telephone calls譯為打電話。

25）大樓正在被建 ,故選C。

26）主語承受謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，因此是被動(dòng)句。通過時(shí)間狀語得出本題是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),

故選A。

27）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，must后跟be動(dòng)詞原形。故選D。

28）by引導(dǎo)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，說明應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。ten minutes ago是過去時(shí)，take off 譯為脫

下。故選B。

29）for引導(dǎo)時(shí)間段常用于完成時(shí),書刊雜志在圖書館中被收藏.故選B。

30）it is said譯為―據(jù)說‖。在賓語從句中，從句時(shí)態(tài)受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，排除A。從句主

語為單數(shù)，排除B。形容詞直接與be動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，排除D。故選C。

31）be made in+ 地點(diǎn) 說明物品的產(chǎn)地，be made by+人 說明物品的生產(chǎn)者，be made

of/from+原材料 說明物品是由何物制成。但be made of 強(qiáng)調(diào)仍看得出原材料，而be made

from 則強(qiáng)調(diào)已看不出原材料。桌椅由木頭制成，應(yīng)看得出來。故選C。

32）棉花在我的家鄉(xiāng)被種植，而且棉花為不可數(shù)名詞。故選C。

33）hold a party 譯為―舉辦英語晚會(huì)‖，一月一次表經(jīng)常性的頻率。故選C。

34）be hurt 應(yīng)譯為―受傷‖。badly是副詞修飾動(dòng)詞hurt，其過去分詞與原形一致。故選A。

35）―黨愛人民，人民愛黨‖這是一種經(jīng)常性的情感，不是某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的。根據(jù)句意，

前半句為主動(dòng)，后半句為被動(dòng)。故選A。

36）本句譯為―英語在許多國家被人講，但中國人講自己的語言‖。這里的the Chine可

理解為所有的中國人，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。故選C。

37）be ud for doing 的意思是某物被用來做某事。故選A。

38）本題時(shí)間狀語為過去時(shí)，房屋應(yīng)是被建。故選B。

39）此句中的fish是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的魚，不是不可數(shù)名詞的魚肉。look after是固定搭配，

在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中絕不能忘掉介詞。故選B。

40）yesterady表明應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，若 a visitor 做動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，ask后應(yīng)有間接賓語sb.（ask

sb. to do sth.）。但本題只有直接賓語，故考慮被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選A。

41）系動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，問句中的Do 暗示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選D。

42）ll,drive等單詞與not,hardly等否定詞以及副詞well,easily, badly,fast等連用時(shí)，常

用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。本題主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故選D。

43）get+過去分詞也能表被動(dòng)，但不帶by的短語。本題的時(shí)間狀語為過去時(shí)，故選A。

44）當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞have(舉辦),hold(容納),fit(適合),leave(遺留)等時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)

語態(tài)。主句時(shí)間狀語為soon表將來。故選B。

45）by后引出某一具體動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，with后引出執(zhí)行者所用的工具或手段。故選B。

3.動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1）was broken

2）can be en

3）was held

4）were told

主句動(dòng)詞后沒有賓語,故考慮為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

5）is being taken

6）be watered，are planted，

after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,對(duì)于沒有發(fā)生的事情,時(shí)態(tài)為主句一般將來時(shí),從句一般現(xiàn)

在時(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可代替一般將來時(shí)。

7）is made，was made，

單純表產(chǎn)地用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)即可。

8）are sold

9）was，founded，

found---founded 建立，成立。區(qū)別于找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)find---found

10）are being painted

11） is ， shown

12） was told ，

as soon as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，對(duì)于發(fā)生過的事情，主從句時(shí)態(tài)均為過去時(shí)。

13）is being built

14） will be remembered

for ever 譯為―永遠(yuǎn)‖，本句意思：白求恩大夫?qū)⒂肋h(yuǎn)被中國人民牢記。

15） is ， ud

16）Has， been taught， was taught， Will ， be taught，

本題用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)詢問是否已做某事，經(jīng)肯定答復(fù)后,用一般過去時(shí)補(bǔ)充做事的時(shí)間，

再用一般將來時(shí)表明何時(shí)再做。

17）Is ， produced

同第七題。

18） won't be held

if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，時(shí)態(tài)搭配為：主句一般將來時(shí),從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

19）was founded

20）had been sold ，

本句車子賣完發(fā)生在人到之前，從句為一般過去時(shí)，所以主句為過去完成時(shí)。

21）is known

22）be put

23）was drawn

24）is played

本題與第21題均為客觀現(xiàn)象，故為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

25）were caught

26） must be paid

本題同第六題。

27）was ， found

最終被發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果應(yīng)為過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞辨析參考第9題。

28）Are ， washed

29） is divided

本題為客觀真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

30）were told

本題無明顯時(shí)間狀語，按過去時(shí)處理。

31）is called

32）Has ，been finished

33） can be turned

本題與31題同24題。

34）were asked

35）opens ， clos

36）begin

35，36兩題中的動(dòng)詞，可直接用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

37） happened

happen為不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

38）feels

feel為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

39） did ， get

get+過去分詞也是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)，但要借助于助動(dòng)詞do的適當(dāng)形式,而不是be動(dòng)

詞的適當(dāng)形式.

40）was en ，to steal

e sth.在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，應(yīng)將不定式符號(hào) to 補(bǔ)上。

內(nèi)容提要：

一、動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成與特征

二、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

1．作主語

2．作表語

3．作賓語

4．作賓語補(bǔ)足語

5．作定語

6．作狀語

7．疑問句與不定式連用

EXE.1.區(qū)別不定式在下列句中的作用。

EXE.2.用不定式或-ing的適當(dāng)形式填空。

EXE.3.單項(xiàng)選擇。

本講正文：

動(dòng)詞不定式

一.動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成與特征

動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非限定動(dòng)詞，由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。其否定形式為 not to

do。其中to 是不定式符號(hào)，有時(shí)可省略。動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語形

式，在句中不能作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。它具有動(dòng)詞的特征，也具有名

詞，形容詞和副詞的特征。

二.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

由于動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞，形容詞和副詞的特征，所以它在句中可作主語,表

語，賓語，定語和狀語。

1.作主語

eg. To pass the exams is easy,but to pass the exams with

high marks is not easy.

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)。往往用 it 作形式主語，把動(dòng)詞不定式放在謂語之后。

is easy to pass the exams，but it is not easy to

pass the exams with high marks.

這種用法可歸納為下面的句型:

It is +形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式.

如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可以用for引出，即：

It is +形容詞+for+sb.+動(dòng)詞不定式.

eg. It is not easy for her to get the good mark.

(To get the good mark is not easy)

有些形容詞如kind,clever,good,foolish等,往往要求后面接介詞of,而不是for。

eg. It was kind of her to help us.

(She was kind to help us.)

可把握下列原則

1）若形容詞是用來修飾不定式主語的用介詞for.

2）若形容詞是用來修飾動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的用介詞of.

2.作表語

job is to nd letters.

3.作賓語

decided to go there by train.

初中階段可以用不定式作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞有:want, need, would like, wish,

decide, like, begin, start, forget, learn, remember, try, hope, prefer等。

動(dòng)詞不定式與

-

ing形式作賓語的區(qū)別

動(dòng)詞不定式與

-

ing形式都可以跟在動(dòng)詞后面作賓語。但有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟不定

式，如want,decide,wish,hope,agree等。而有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟-ing形式,如：enjoy,

finish, keep(on),mind等。有些動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式又可接-ing形式，且意義區(qū)

別不大，如begin, start,like,prefer,love,hate。但有些動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式又可接

-ing形式，兩種用法的意義相差很大。如：remember,forget,stop等。

er to lock the door when you leave the classroom.

離開教室的時(shí)候要記住鎖門。(還沒鎖)

I remembered locking de door.

我記得鎖門了。（已鎖過）

eg. He stopped to talk with me.

他停下來跟我說話。

（停下其它的動(dòng)作，再和我說話。）此處不定式作狀語，表示目的。

He stopped talking with me.

他停止與我交談。（不再和我說話）此處動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語。

4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語

能跟帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:want, ask, tell, would like 等。

eg. His parents told him to come home before ten.

She asked her teacher not to be angry.

有些動(dòng)詞后跟的作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式需省去to。

這樣的動(dòng)詞包括make(使),have(使),let(讓),e,hear,feel, watch等。

boss made them work more than ten hours a day.

注意上述用法在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)補(bǔ)上

to

。

were made to work more than ten hours a day.

help后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，可帶to也可省略to。

5.作定語

is always the first student to arrive and the last

to leave.

I have nothing to say about it.

6.作狀語

1)作目的狀語

workers wear glass over their eyes

to keep their eyes safe.

常見的短語 come to do sth.,go to do sth.,stop to do sth.均屬于此類型。

2)作結(jié)果狀語

was too young to go to school.

The ice is thick enough to skate on.

7.疑問詞與不定式連用

疑問代詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how等后面可以接不定式構(gòu)

成短語,充當(dāng)句子成分。

doesn't know how to start the machine.

Can you tell me which one to buy?

EXE.1.區(qū)別不定式在下列句中的作用。

1)To study English well is very hard.( )

2)He came to e me the day before yesterday.

( )

3)Mr Brown wants to visit Beijing. ( )

4)I have a lot of homework to do. ( )

5)His mother asked him to wash his hands

before each meal. ( )

6)We often hear the little boy cry.( )

7)His father decided not to drive the car.( )

8)My wish is to become a scientist. ( )

9)It's good to meet all my friends here.( )

10)She went to the shop to buy some food.

( )

11)It takes me half an hour to read English every morning.

( )

12)Who was the last runner to pass the finishing line?

( )

13)The teacher told us to do Exerci 4.( )

14)Her aunt's job is to look after children. ( )

15)The farmer stopped to have a rest.( )

16)Is there anyone to answer the question? ( )

17)The boy ran fast enough to catch the bus.

( )

18)We can help you (to)water the flowers.( )

19)Let's begin our class.( )

20)What makes you think I am the person you want?

( )

EXE.2.用不定式或-ing的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1)It's very kind of you (do) it for me.

2)My job is (teach) the students English.

3)If you want (go)with us,you should hurry up.

4)I saw him (enter)the hou this moring.

5)I saw him (swim)in the lake

when I walked past.（答案）

6)The teacher asked me (come)to school

early tomorrow.

7)He told me (leave) at six thirty.

8)I still don't know where (go).

9)I want (have)someone (help)me

with my maths.（答案）

10)Before you leave,don't forget (turn)off the light.

11)You'd better (stay)at home and _____(do)

your homework.（答案）

12)I stopped (write)______ (look)for my knife.（答案）

13)It was hard (do)it by mylf.

14)It is impossible (finish)it in one day.

15)It's time (get)up.

16)I'm very glad (make)so many friends.

17)The passage is not very easy (understand).

18)I' sorry that I have nothing (nd) you.

19)I'll try (not, do) it again.

20)We were surprid (e) him there.

21)The best time (plant)trees is in spring.

22)Satellites are ud for (learn) more about the earth.（答案）

23)He finishes (wash) at eight in the evening.

24)You have worked for 4 hours. You'd better (stop)

______(have)a rest.（答案）

25)He often tells us funny stories and makes us (laugh).

26)Mother always tells me (not,read)in bed.

27)The headmaster was asked (speak) at the meeting.

28) (smoke)too much is bad for your health.（答案）

29)Thank you for (come)_____ (e)me.

30)I want (e)a film instead of (watch)TV.（答案）

31)I'm thirsty.I 'd like something (drink).

32)The old man found it difficult (fall)asleep.（答案）

33)The runner fell down,but he quickly got up and

went on (run).（答案）

34)It took the writer two years (finish) the book.（答案）

35)I spent an hour and a half (do)my homework.（答案）

36)Your uncle is busy (mend) this old bike.（答案）

37)When he entered the room,they all stopped (talk).（答案）

38)I'm sorry I have kept you (wait) for so long.（答案）

39)Last Saturday I watched two teams (play) basketball.（答案）

40)Let me (think) it over before I answer you.

41)I often hear her (cough)at night.（答案）

42)Something is wrong with the needs .(fix)（答案）

43)I have nothing (do).Plea get me something

(read).（答案）

44)Would you like (go) (e) a film with me?（答案）

45)They stopped (listen),but there was

no more sound.（答案）

46)After he read the text,he went on (explain)it.（答案）

47)He was afraid (make)mistakes in the exercis.（答案）

48)Tell him (not worry) about it.

49)The problem is how (do) it easily.（答案）

50)Bob ems to (know) where she is.（答案）

EXE.3.單項(xiàng)選擇。

1)I hope _____with them.

to go go going

注解：

2)Tell them_______make any noi.

't to not

注解：

3)Here is a room ______.

living live in live in

注解：

4)Thank you very much _______it to me.

lending lend lending lending

注解：

5)The teacher asked me _____the text.

g read reading

注解：

6)They decided_________football.

g playing play

注解：

7)Keep_____hard,and you will catch up with us.

g work

注解：

8)The clock needs_______.

mend be mend

g mended

注解：

9)It's time for supper 's __________it.

to have having

stop to have ng to have

注解：

10)I have a lot of things _______this week end.

do

注解：

11)You'd better_______in this 's too dangerous.

to swim swim swim

注解：

12)Lily likes ______the clothes of light colour.

put on g on dress wear

注解：

13)It's too _____a bus?

to take taking

take 't take

注解：

14)When I'm tired,I enjoy________music.

ing ing to hear g

注解：

15)Linda felt his smile made her_______better.

feel g

注解：

16)I heard Mother ______with Father in the next room at 9:00.

talking g talk

注解：

17)The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from_____

the earth away.

blow g

注解：

18)Did the teacher tell you ______this afternoon?

go where do what

to do to leave

注解：

19)We still don't know whom_______.

talk with talk with

talk g with

注解：

20)Wu Dong is good at ________English.

speak ng

注解：

21)Lei Feng was always ready ______others.

g help

注解：

22)Have you decided ________for your holiday.

where to go

go where to go to

注解：

23)Would you plea ________me a chair_______?

,to sit on ,to sit

,to sit give,to sit on

注解：

24)Though he had often made his sister _____,today

he was made _____by his siter.

cry,to cry B. cry, cry ,to cry D. to cry,cry

注解：

25)---Why are you going shopping if you don't _______?

---My wife wants______with her.

to,I go ,me going

to,me to go ,to go

注解：

26)What a fine day! How about ______out for a walk?

go going

注解：

27)Would you mind____the window.

clo g

注解：

28)He ran into the room______the girl.

save

注解：

29)Do you hear her _____this song sometimes?

g sing

注解：

30)They kept the fire________themlves warm.

g,keeping burn,to keep

g,to keep burn,keeping

注解：

31)I think it important _______English well.

ng d learn

注解：

32)Remember ______late for class again.

to be 't be be to

注解：

33)He found _____interesting_____with him.

,to talk ,to talk ,talking ,talking

注解：

34)I have no pen ________.

A. writing with write on

write with write

注解：

35)Bob doesn't know ____to write about.

注解：

36)I'll try_____the same mistake again.

not make to make making make

注解：

37)_____is one thing,_____is quite another.

say,to do ,do say,do ,to do

注解：

38)It is too hard________it by mylf without your help.

to do do doing

注解：

39)It's not easy _____you to help me,but it's nice ____you to do so.

,for ,of ,for ,of

注解：

40)I'd like ______your new bike and I would like you _____ my new car.

e,to drive e,driving

,to drive ,driving

注解：

41)I have never heard him _____so.

say

注解：

42)Do you often e her________for him at the bus stop?

wait g

注解：

43)The teacher made the students______the text twice a day.

A. would read g read

注解：

44)She was en ____paper planes in the room.

make

注解：

45)They finally agree ______ here before ten.

coming come

注解：

46)Tell Mary _______on the wall.

A not drawing to draw

not draw draw

注解：

47)This box is light enough _______.

be lifted lifting lift it lift

注解：

48)His wish_____her a dog on that day.

give to give be given

注解：

49)He doesn't feel like_______.

eat

注解：

50)He is too old ______the army.

join joining to join

注解：

內(nèi)容提要：

一、時(shí)間狀語從句

1、when引導(dǎo)的從句

2、由while引導(dǎo)的從句

3、由before引導(dǎo)的從句

4、由after引導(dǎo)的從句

5、由since引導(dǎo)的從句

6、till（until）引導(dǎo)的從句

7、由as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句

二、原因狀語從句

三、條件狀語從句

四、比較狀語從句

五、目的狀語從句

六、結(jié)果狀語從句

七、讓步狀語從句

八、典型例題解析：

本講正文：

狀語從句

在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等的句子叫狀語從句。狀語從句根據(jù)它表

達(dá)的意義的不同可分為：時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、比較方式狀語從句、

目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句和讓步狀語從句。如果狀語從句放在主句前，通常在從句后用

逗號(hào)隔開。

一、間狀語從句

其連接詞有：when, while, before, after, since, till(until), as soon as 等。由這些連詞引導(dǎo)的

主從復(fù)合句中的主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間有三種情況，即同時(shí)發(fā)生和先后發(fā)生。因此

在運(yùn)用時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，特別要注意主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。

1、when引導(dǎo)的從句

有時(shí)主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)主句的動(dòng)作在前，從句的動(dòng)作在后。如果

主句用一般將來時(shí)，則從句就要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

Tom will go to e her when he has time.

It was raining when I left the hospital.

The film had already began when I got to the cinema.

2、由while 引導(dǎo)的從句

表示正在進(jìn)行某一動(dòng)作時(shí)另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生了；還可以表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行的同時(shí)，

另一個(gè)動(dòng)作也在進(jìn)行之中。例如：

While he was reading, the telephone rang.

While we were boating on the lake, we saw a fish jump out of the water.

While my sister was watching TV, I was writing.

While Dad was washing his car, Mum was cooking.

3、由before 引導(dǎo)的從句

在由before 引導(dǎo)的從句中，一般來說主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前，主從句的動(dòng)

詞都用過去時(shí)。例如：

Wei Fang had cut the meat into pieces before her mother started cooking.

He didn’t know little Chine before he came to China.

My brother studied in No.1 Middle School before he joined the army.

4、由after引導(dǎo)的從句

由after引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之后，為了表明動(dòng)作的先后順序，這是

主句的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)，而從句的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)。有時(shí)主從句的動(dòng)詞都用過去時(shí)。

例如：

After he had finished his homework, he went home.

After the bell rang, all the students rushed out of the classroom.

5、由since引導(dǎo)的從句

在由since引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中，從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

He has never returned home since he joined the army.

I haven’t en him since he got a job.

注意：在英語里，有一些非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，他們只是一瞬間就結(jié)束的動(dòng)作，如：come,

go, arrive, reach, e, hear, clo, leave, begin, start, lo, buy, fall, join, die, get up 等，用It

is … since…的句型來表達(dá)目前存在的一種狀態(tài)。例如：

It’s a week since he came back.

It’s more than a year since he joined the army.

It’s three years since my younger brother was a football player.

6、till (until)引導(dǎo)的從句

（1） 如果主句和從句都用肯定形式，表示“直到……”這一動(dòng)作直到until 才結(jié)

束。例如：

They worked until it was too late.

He waits until the children are asleep.

(2) 如果主句用否定形式，從句用肯定形式，表示“直到……才……‖， 并且

主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)行動(dòng)詞如：leave, start, come, e, go to bed 等，表

示這一動(dòng)作直到until才開始發(fā)生。例如：

I didn’t know it until you told me.

We won’t begin the party until everyone is here.

（3） 當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，until引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。

例如:

Plea don’t get off the bus until it stops.

He won’t have supper until he finishes reading the newspaper.

（4） not…until…的句式可以轉(zhuǎn)化成when 或after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，但主句

必須用肯定式。例如：

They didn’t go home until the rain stopped.

= They went home after the rain stopped.

The students won’t come into the classroom until the teachers finish their work.

= The students will come into the classroom when the teacher finish their work.

7、由as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句

（2） 主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

（3） 主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。一般情況下，從句也用一般過去

時(shí)。例如：

I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.

We started as soon as we received his telephone.

二、原因狀語從句

其連接詞為 becau, since, as等。

1、由becau 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，直接明白地說明因果關(guān)系，語氣最強(qiáng)，它引導(dǎo)的從

句一般位于主句之后。

注意：（1）回答用why 提出的問題需用becau 回答。

（2）becau 不能與并列連詞so 連用。

正：Becau I had en the film, I didn’t go to the cinema last night.

正：I didn’t go to the cinema becau I had en the film.

誤：Becau I had en the film, so I didn’t go to the cinema last night.

2、as 用來表明比較明顯的原因和理由，（由于、既然），這種原因一般是大家都知道的，

其從句位于主句之前。

As he was very busy, we went to the cinema without him.

3、since 用來表示比較勉強(qiáng)的理由和原因， 意為“既然”。例如：

Since everybody makes mistakes in life, Mr. Smith gave John a chance.

4、另外由becau 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，可以由becau of 短語換成簡(jiǎn)單句。

We didn’t go out becau it was raining.= We didn’t go out becau of the rain.

三、條件狀語從句

2、 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連接詞有if, unless。如果主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)

在時(shí)。例如：

She will pass the exam if she works harder.

If you do well in maths, you can learn other subjects well.

3、 注意判定if 引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語從句還是狀語從句。在英語里，if 既能引導(dǎo)賓語從

句又能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。這要看主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞。例如：

Could you tell me if it fine tomorrow.

這句話的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是tell, 及物動(dòng)詞，所以后面if 引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語從句。

I won’t go if it isn’t fine tomorrow.

這句話的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是go, 不及物動(dòng)詞，所以后面if 引導(dǎo)的從句是狀語從句。

典型例題分析：

Nobody knows if it ________ tomorrow.

A. rains B. will rain C. rained

分析：if 既可引導(dǎo)賓語從句又可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。此題中判斷if 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句

還是狀語從句是解題的關(guān)鍵。如果if 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般將

來時(shí)；如果if 引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。本句如譯成“假

使明天下雨”是一個(gè)常見的條件狀語從句，是在誘使考生犯錯(cuò)誤，單獨(dú)的

一句話只能是賓語從句，故正確選項(xiàng)為：B。

4、 由“祈使句 + or + 陳述句” 或 “祈使句 + and + 陳述句”的兩個(gè)句式都可以轉(zhuǎn)

化為由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如果連詞是or, 那么轉(zhuǎn)換成的條件狀語從句應(yīng)該是

否定的；如果連詞是and, 那么轉(zhuǎn)換成的條件狀語從句應(yīng)該是肯定的。例如：

Hurry up or you will be late. = If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

四、比較狀語從句

連接詞有as… as…，than, the… the…, as 等。

5、 表示甲與乙在某一方面程度相當(dāng)時(shí)，就用 ―as + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as‖ 的句型。

I think science is as important as maths.

Tom runs as fast as John.

6、 表示甲在某一方面不及乙時(shí)，就用not so… as… 句型。例如：

The Yellow River is not so long as the Changjiang River.

He did not come so early as Li Lei.

7、 由than 引導(dǎo)的從句

甲在某一方面程度比乙強(qiáng)時(shí)，就用… 比較級(jí) + than 的句式。當(dāng)than 前后所使用

的動(dòng)詞相同時(shí)，通常用助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞代替。例如：

I am much taller than you (are).

His cake is bigger than Lily’s (cake is).

4、“the + 比較級(jí)， the + 比較級(jí)”，表示“越……越……‖ 例如：

The more, the better.

The more you study, the more you will know.

5、由as 引導(dǎo)的從句。

He drank tea as I did.

We must go as Lei Feng did.

五、目的狀語從句

由so that 或in order that引導(dǎo)，從句中通常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

We got up early so that we could catch the early bus.

六、結(jié)果狀語從句

由連接詞so… that…, such… that… 引導(dǎo)。

1、如果so 前面是系動(dòng)詞be, become, feel, get, turn等，那么so 后面一般接形容詞；

如果so 前面是行為動(dòng)詞，那么so 后面就接副詞。如果such 后面接的是不可數(shù)名

詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)，那么直接將名詞放在其后，如果后面是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，就一定要加

a/ an。例如：

Bob is so poor that he can’t even buy a watch for his son.

He ran so quickly that he won the race.

English is such a uful language that it is spoken in many countries of the world.

2、so… that…與 such… that… 可以互換。例如：

(1) It’s such an important match that we can’t miss it.

= The match is so important that we can’t miss it.

(2) John is such a nice person that we all like him.

= John is so nice to people that we all like him.

= John is so nice a person that we all like him.

七、讓步狀語從句

由連接詞though 引導(dǎo)。應(yīng)該注意的是由though 連接的主從復(fù)合句，用了though 就

不能再用but, 這是與漢語完全不同的。

Though we were neither very big nor very strong, we were a good team.

I have to wake him up at 5:00 in the morning though I hate to do so.

典型例題解析：

1. I _______ the message to him as soon as he ______ back tomorrow.

A. give, came B. will give, will come

C. will give, comes D. give, will come

正確答案為：

分析：

2. While she _______ TV in the sitting room, the bell _______.

A. watches, rings B. is watching, rang

C. was watching, rang D. watched, was ringing

正確答案為：

注解：

3. She was busy, ______ she couldn’t go to your birthday party last night.

A. so B. and C. or D. but

正確答案為：A

注解：

4、 Jack ack often _______ (walk) to school, but he ______ (come) to school by bike this

morning.（用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

正確答案為：

分析：

5. He ______ (be) better today than he _____ (be) yesterday.（用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

正確答案為：

分析：

6. Will you meet him at the station if he ______ (arrive)? （用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

正確答案為：arrives。

分析：此題是if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主句時(shí)將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句就要用一般現(xiàn)

在時(shí)，即arrives。

7. Don’t cross the road ______ the light turns green.

A. when B. while C. until D. as

正確答案為：

分析：

8. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him.

A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know

正確答案為：

分析：

9. It is ten years ______ I left my hometown.

A. since B. if C. whether D. until

正確答案為：

分析：

10. I was cooking ______ he was reading a book.

A. after B. while C. becau D. but

正確答案為：

分析：

11. She worked _____ quietly that ______ no one knew she was there.

A. so, as B. so, that C. too, to D. very, that

正確答案為：

分析：

12. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the train.

A. and B. then C. or D. /

正確答案為：

分析：

13. I ______ to bed last night until my father came back.

A. went B. didn’t go C. had gone D. would go

正確答案為：

分析：

14. I _____ him since we met last in 1981.

A. don’t e B. didn’t e C. won’t e D. haven’t en

正確答案為：

分析：

15. ―Why did Li Lei u a pencil?‖

―__________ his pen was broken.‖

A. Becau B. When C. Until D. If

正確答案為：

分析：

典型例題解析：

1. I the message to him as soon as he back tomorrow.

A. give, come B. will give, will come

C. will give, comes D. give, will come

正確答案為：C

分析：在做帶有狀語從句的復(fù)合句練習(xí)時(shí)，特別要注意主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

和不同的連接詞所表達(dá)的不同的時(shí)間意義。

本題連接詞是as soon as，而時(shí)間狀語是tomorrow，表達(dá)的是將來時(shí)，那么在這個(gè)句

子里，主句要用將來時(shí)，從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)，所以答案為C。

2. While she TV in the sitting room, the bell .

A. watches, rings B. is watching, rang

C. was watching, rang D. watched, was ringing

正確答案為：C

本題是由while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是正在進(jìn)行“看電視”這一動(dòng)作時(shí)，“門鈴

響了”這一動(dòng)作也發(fā)生了，所以從句用時(shí)行時(shí)態(tài)，主句用一般過去時(shí)。答案為C。

3. She was busy, she couldn’t go to your birthday party last night.

A. so B. and C. or D. but

正確答案為：A

本題時(shí)表示結(jié)果的狀語從句，前面一句是說明理由“她很忙”，才產(chǎn)生后面的結(jié)果“不

能參加你的生日晚會(huì)?！贝鸢甘茿。

4. Jack often (walk) to school, but he (come) to school by bike this morning.

（用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

正確答案為：walks, came

分析：此題的要求是用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，其適當(dāng)形式包括的內(nèi)容較多，如動(dòng)詞

原形，時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、不定式、-ing形式、-ed形式等，一定要找出時(shí)間狀語，主句與從句之

間的連接詞，從而確定它們的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此題是由兩個(gè)并列句構(gòu)成，前一句的時(shí)間狀

語為often，表達(dá)的式經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，而第二句的狀語是this morning，只是偶爾“今

早”的一次，所以應(yīng)該填walks，came。

5. He (be) better today than he (be) yesterday.（用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

正確答案為：is, was。

分析：此題的要求是用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞雖然都是be，但時(shí)間狀語不

同，是今天today與昨天yesterday的比較，所以，正確答案為：is, was。

6. Will you meet him at the station if he (arrive)?（用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

正確答案為：arrives。

分析：此題是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主句時(shí)將來時(shí)，從句就要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，即

arrives。

7. Don’t cross the road the light turns green.

A. when B. while C. until D. as

正確答案為：C

分析：如果主句用否定形式，從句用肯定形式，表示“直到??才??”，并且主句

的為語動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)行動(dòng)詞如：leave, start, come, e, go to bed等，表示這一動(dòng)作直到until

才開始發(fā)生，故選擇C。

8. She will find him a kind man when she more about him.

A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know

正確答案為：A。

分析：在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來時(shí)。

9. It is ten years I left my hometown.

A. since B. if C. whether D. until

正確答案為：A

分析：在英語里，有一些非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，他們只是一瞬間就結(jié)束的動(dòng)作，如：come，

go, arrive, reach, e, hear, clo, leave, begin, start, lo, buy, fall, join, die, get up等，用It is..

since…的句型來表達(dá)目前存在的一種狀態(tài)。故正確答案為：A。

10. I was cooking he was reading a book.

A. after B. while C. becau D. but

正確答案為：B。

分析：由while引導(dǎo)的從句表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行的同時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作也在進(jìn)行之

中。故正確答案為：B。

11. She worked quietly that no one knew she was there.

A. so, as B. so, that C. too, to D. very, that

正確答案為：B。

分析：so…that…意為“如此??以致??”，表示結(jié)果，故正確答案為：B。

12. Hurry up, you will miss the train.

A. and B. then C. or D. /

正確答案為：C。

分析：由“祈使句+or+陳述句”或“祈使句+and+陳述句”的兩個(gè)句式都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為

由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如果連詞是or，那么轉(zhuǎn)換成的條件狀語從句應(yīng)該是否定的；如

果連詞是and，那么轉(zhuǎn)換成的條件狀語從句應(yīng)該是肯定的。根據(jù)本題的句意“快一點(diǎn)，否則

就趕不上火車了”，故正確答案為：C。

13. I to bed last night until my father came back.

A. went B. didn’t go C. had gone D. would go

正確答案為：B。

分析：最可能選錯(cuò)的答案是A。在not…until…句式中，如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為非延

續(xù)行動(dòng)詞如：leave, start, come, e, go to bed等，主句用否定形式，從句用肯定形式，表示

“直到??才??”，并且，表示這一動(dòng)作直到until才開始發(fā)生。故正確答案為：B。

14. I him since we met last in 1981.

A. don’t e B. didn’t e

C. won’t e D. haven’t en

正確答案為：D。

分析：在由since引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中，從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成

時(shí)。故正確答案為：D。

15. ―Why did Li Lei u a pencil?‖

― his pen was broken.‖

A. Becau B. When C. Until D. If

正確答案為：A。

分析：由becau引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，直接明白地說明因果關(guān)系，語氣最強(qiáng)，回答用why

提出的問題需用becau回答。故正確答案為：A。