2024年1月10日發(作者:新生寶寶)

荔枝蜜原文
篇一:荔枝蜜
全國中小學“教學中的互聯網搜索”優秀教學案例評選
教案設計
篇二:初二語文《荔枝蜜》(講讀)《斑羚飛渡》(自讀)教案
初二語文《荔枝蜜》(講讀)《斑羚飛渡》(自讀)教案
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教學內容:
第9課《荔枝蜜》(講讀) 第11課《斑羚飛渡》(自讀)
二. 重點、難點:
1. 了解借助聯想托物抒情的方法,感悟文章抒發的情感。
2. 把握以對蜜蜂的感情變化為線索組織材料的方法,先抑后揚的寫法。
3. 品味語言的藝術性,揣摩語言的準確性。
三. 學習過程:
(一)文學常識
1. 作者:楊朔(1913~1968),原名楊毓瑨,字瑩叔,山東蓬萊縣人。現代作家。1949年加入中國作家協會。抗美援朝時期,寫出優秀長篇小說《三千里江》;此后寫了大量散文。重要作品有《荔枝蜜》、《茶花賦》等。有《楊朔文集》和《楊朔散文選》等作品集。
2. 出處《楊朔散文選》
3. 文體;散文
4. 背景:楊朔是文壇上一再強調散文詩化理論,并認真實踐,卓有成效地形成自己獨特的風格的散文作家。他留給我們一百多篇散文,其中膾炙人口的精品近二十篇。《荔枝蜜》寫于20世紀50年代,當時知識分子戴著“資產階級”的帽子,他們最大的愿望就是摘掉這頂帽子,能夠成為勞動人民的一部分。作者的“夢”就反映了這種愿望。但是這篇散文至今仍然有其思想價值。其思想價值,在市場經濟條件下,尤其需要大力弘揚。用辛勤誠實的勞動,給人以美好的東西,這是市場經濟最需要的。
(二)題目解說:
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全文是寫蜜蜂的,為什么課題不用“蜜蜂”而用“荔枝蜜”?因為“荔枝蜜”是促使“我”轉變對蜜蜂的認識和感情的關鍵,更是引起聯想,激發詩情的觸發點,以之為題,使文章寓意更為鮮明,個性更為突出。
(三)結構層次:全文十九段,分為五部分。(以作者對蜜蜂的感情變化為線索)
第一部分(1)寫作者過去對蜜蜂懷有成見,感情隔膜。
第二部分(2—5)寫荔枝林的茂盛,荔枝的鮮美和荔枝蜜的甜香。
第三部分(6—17)參加養蜂大廈,寫蜜蜂采花釀蜜的情景,以及對蜜蜂的贊美。 第四部分(18)從蜜蜂的采花釀蜜聯想到農民的辛勤勞動,是為了建設社會主義新生活。
第五部分(19)作者夢見自己變成一只小蜜蜂,照應開頭,前后呼應。
(四)主題:
本文通過對蜜蜂辛勤釀造甜美清香的荔枝蜜的記敘,贊美了建設美好生活而無私奉獻的精神,表達了作者的建設新生活奉獻一切的強烈愿望。
(五)生字、詞
掐( ) 蜇( )
啖( )中看( ) .
嚶嚶( ) 蠕蠕( ) 釀蜜( ) 提防( ) ..
疙疙瘩瘩( )( ) ..
糟蹋( )( ) ..渺小( ) 黑黝黝( ) .沸沸揚揚( )( ) 分泌( ) ...
疙疙瘩瘩:這里是不愉快,不舒服的意思。
黑黝黝:深黑的樣子。
沸沸揚揚:活動紛繁,非常熱鬧的樣子。
蠕蠕:蟲子慢慢爬動的樣子。
中看:好看。中,有合適的意思。
出眾:超出一般。
(六)寫作特點:
1. 豐富的聯想,拓寬文章內容,借物抒情,抒發對勞動人民的贊美之情。
本文出現了三次聯想,一是由荔枝蜜的甜美想到生活的甜美;二是由蜜蜂沸沸
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揚揚的情景想到建設新生活;三是由荔枝蜜的釀造者蜜蜂想到幸福生活的建造者,勞動人民。蜜蜂辛勤釀蜜,對人無所求,給人的都是極好的東西;農民辛勤耕耘,為自己,為別人,也為后世子孫。它們的共同點是勤勞奉獻。通過聯想作者才實現了借蜜蜂這個“物”,抒發了對勞動人民無比敬仰的“情”。這正是借物抒情所在,也是融詩情、畫意、哲理為一體的體現。
2. 先抑后揚的手法:
文章先寫自己被蜇,對蜜蜂不大喜歡,后來由于吃荔枝蜜,參觀養蜂場,改變了看法,最后以自己做夢變成小蜜蜂表達對蜜蜂的無比贊美之情,先抑后揚,印象深刻。
《斑羚飛渡》
一. 學習重點、難點:
1. 掌握文學常識及生字、詞。
2. 理解文章生動的故事情節。
3. 體會文章真切細膩的描寫中蘊含的強烈感情。
4. 文中環境描寫的作用。
二. 學習過程:
(一)生字、解詞:
斑羚( ) .
肌腱( ) .
飄渺( ) . 對峙( ) .逞能( ) . 躥( )跳 .哀咩( ) . 斑斕( ) .湛藍( ) .炫目( ) 迥然不同( ) ..
參差不齊()() 悲愴( ) 嫻熟( ) ....
略勝一籌( ) 磐石( ) 眼花繚亂( ) ...
對峙:相對而立。
進退維谷:進退兩難。谷:比喻困難的境地。
一塵不染:借指環境非常清潔。
迥然不同:形容差別很大。迥然,距離很遠的樣子。
參差不齊:長短高低不齊。
略勝一籌:比較起來,略微強一點兒。
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眼花繚亂:眼睛看見復雜紛繁的東西而感到迷亂。
心甘情愿:心里愿意接受(吃苦,吃虧)。
秩序井然:十分有秩序。
(二)文章結構層次:
文章細致地記敘了斑羚陷入絕境時求生,自救的全過程。按情節分為四部分。
第一部分(1):斑羚被逼懸崖,無路可逃。
第二部分(2—9):斑羚驚慌失措。
第三部分(10—16):斑羚飛渡的情景。
第四部分(17)鐮刀頭羊走向死亡。
(三)主題:
這篇文章通過斑羚飛渡懸崖保存種群的壯舉的記敘,歌頌了老斑羚為了拯救種群的自我犧牲的精神,贊揚了鐮刀頭羊臨危不懼的英雄精神。
(四)寫作特點:
1. 按時間順序組織材料,安排故事情節,條理清晰,層次井然。
2. 環境描寫推動情節發展,渲染氣氛。
如:對傷心崖的描寫,對彩虹的描寫,都對推動故事情節的發展起了重要作用。
3. 插敘恰到好處,議論畫龍點睛。文章在彩虹出現后,羚羊飛渡前插入了一段事后的領悟,便于引導讀者想見頭羊拯救種群的辦法,飛渡之后的議論點明了文章的中心。
【模擬試題】
一. 基礎知識:
1. 下列加點字注音有誤的一組是( )
A. 中看(zhōng) 中風(zhòng) B. 應當(dāng) ...
C. 可惡(wù) .當然(dāng) .厭惡(è) D. 大廈(shà) 廈門(xià) ...
2. 下列書寫有誤的一組是( )
A. 掐花黝黑 耗近 嚶嚶
B. 提防渺小 疙瘩 釀蜜
C. 稀罕憑空 穩重 溫泉
D. 老梁身量 環抱 供養
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3. 結合語境解釋加點詞有誤的一項是( )
A. 可是從此以后,每逢看見蜜蜂,感情上疙疙瘩瘩的,總不怎么舒服。 ....
疙疙瘩瘩:不平滑,不順利。
B. 滿樹淺黃色的小花,并不出眾。 ..
出眾:超出一般。
C. ??成群結隊的蜜蜂出出進進,飛去飛來,那沸沸揚揚的情景會使你想?? ....
沸沸揚揚:活動紛繁,非常熱鬧的樣子。
D. 多可愛小生靈啊!對人無所求,給人的都是極好的東西。 ...
小生靈:小動物。
4. 選詞填空:
(1)蜂王是黑褐色的,(身段、身量)特別長,每只(工蜂,公蜂)都愿意用自己分泌的王漿來供養它。
(2)叫他老梁,其實是個(青年,青年人),舉動挺 (穩重,穩定)。
(3)住在溫泉的人 (大多,多半)喜歡吃這種蜜,滋養 (身體、精神)。
(4)釀 (的、得)蜜多,自己吃的可(有限、極少)。
5. 指出下列句子各運用了什么修辭手法,寫在后面的括號里。
(1)開花時節,那蜜蜂滿野嚶嚶嗡嗡,忙得忘記早晚。( )
(2)自然界也有侵略者。( )
(3)蘇東坡寫過這樣的詩句:“日啖荔枝三百顆,不辭長作嶺南人。”( )
(4)從化的荔枝樹多得像汪洋大海。( )
6. 下列說法有錯誤的一項是( )
A. 寫記敘文,事情的起因、經過和結果構成記敘文的主要內容。
B. 無論順敘、倒敘、插敘,都是為了更好的記敘人物、事件而運用的。應該根據不同的內容采取不同的方法。
C. 寫記敘文,圍繞中心選擇材料,還要根據表達中心意思的需要考慮哪些材料是主要的,要詳寫;哪些材料是次要的,要略寫。
D. 描寫可分為兩類:一是人物描寫,包括肖像、語言、動作等;一是環境描寫包括自然環境和社會環境。
二. 閱讀理解:
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(一)閱讀下面語段,完成文后練習。
荔枝也許是世上最鮮最美的水果。蘇東坡寫過這樣的詩句:“日啖荔枝三百顆,不辭長作嶺南人。”可見荔枝的妙處。偏偏我來得不是時候,荔枝剛開花。滿樹淺黃色的小花,并不出眾。新發的嫩葉,顏色淡紅,比花倒還中看些。從開花到果子成熟,大約得三個月,看來我是等不及在這兒吃鮮荔枝了。
吃鮮荔枝蜜,倒是時候。有人也許沒聽說這稀罕物兒吧?從化的荔枝樹多得像汪洋大海,開花時節,那蜜蜂滿野嚶嚶嗡嗡,忙得忘記早晚。荔枝蜜的特點是成色純,養分多。住在溫泉的人多半喜歡吃這種蜜,滋養身體。熱心腸的送給我兩瓶。一開瓶子塞兒,就是那么一股甜香;調上半杯一喝,甜香里帶著股清氣,很有點鮮荔枝的味兒。喝著這樣的好蜜,你會覺得生活都是甜的呢。
1. “蘇東坡寫過這樣的詩句:‘日啖荔枝三百顆,不辭長作嶺南人。’”這里的修辭手法,目的是為了說明 。
2. “從化的荔枝樹多得像汪洋大海,開花時節,那蜜蜂滿野嚶嚶嗡嗡,忙得忘記早晚。”這句話運用了 、的修辭方法,勾勒出了。
3. 以上第一段文字寫荔枝果是為了( )。
A. 表現荔枝果的鮮美B. 突出蘇軾詩的優美意境
C. 渲染下文荔枝蜜的甜香 D. 表達“我”對蜜蜂感情的變化
4. 第一段文字寫了荔枝的花,說它“并不出眾”,“出眾”的意思是了下文的 。
5. 從觀察角度看,以上文字寫顏色的句子是,寫聲音的句子的句子是 。
6. 以上文字中一些副詞的運用極為準確。文中兩處用了“也許”這個詞,表示的意思,如果去掉,就變成 。因為這是作者個人的感受,并不是肯定的判斷與科學的鑒別。
(二)閱讀下面文段回答問題。
我不禁一顫:多可愛的小生靈啊!對人無所求,給人的卻是極好的東西。蜜蜂是在釀蜜,又是在釀造生活;不是為自己,而是為人類釀造最甜的生活。蜜蜂是渺小的,蜜蜂卻又多么高尚啊!
透過荔枝樹林,我望著遠遠的田野,那兒正有農民立在水田里,辛勤地分秧插秧。他們正用勞力建設自己的生活,實際也是在釀蜜——為自己,為別人,也為
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后世子孫釀造生活的蜜。
這天夜里,我做了個奇怪的夢,夢見自己變成一只小蜜蜂。
1. 文段中借贊美蜜蜂歌頌了辛勤勞動的人民,這里運用的表現手法是( )
A. 象征 B. 映襯C. 對比D. 借物喻人
2. 畫線句子中“渺小”與“高尚”看起來好像矛盾,實際并不矛盾,因為“渺小”是從蜜蜂的來說的,而“高尚”則是從蜜蜂的 來說的。
3. 在文段中用波浪線畫出揭示全文主旨的句子。
答:
4. 結尾以“夢”收束全文,有什么好處?
答:
(三)閱讀短文,完成1—6小題:
午后,我在靠墻的地方發現一只蜘蛛,便抬起腿來,想把它踩死。我之所以討厭蜘蛛,是因為無論在什么地方,它都會張起網來捕捉小蟲。大小蛛網上掛著小蟲的殘骸。無論是怎樣清潔的房子,一有了蛛網,就會令人生厭,令人覺得這個房子里的主人不勤于打掃,因此,每當我拿了掃帚或是竹竿清理隱藏在角落里的蛛網時,總是生氣地想把它們趕盡殺絕。
不知是一種什么意念,我抬起的腳竟沒有踩下去。它那樣吃力地爬著,它奮斗的意志,是那樣堅忍。單憑這一點,我便不該有傷害它的心理。無論如何,蜘蛛也是大自然中的一分子。雖然它不受人們的重視,可是它也應該有生存下去的權利,不是嗎?它到處結網原是和我們人類一樣,只是為了經營生活,我怎能夠對它心存厭惡呢?于是我找來一根竹竿,把它從地面挑起來,送到干凈的地方。我這個舉動,起先一定使它大為驚恐,它一定以為自己是死定了,可是等我把它放到干凈的地方,它又似乎有點迷惑起來的樣子。我好像覺得它回過頭來,奇怪的望著我,似乎是懷著感激的心情,然后便安穩地爬走了。我靜靜地看著它爬走的背影,那神態,使我心中忽然感到無比的舒坦。
不知道為什么,我以前只看到蜘蛛會令我討厭的一面,從沒有發現它也有可愛的一面。它那不屈不撓的精神,那巧妙地織成的網,在滿天晚霞的襯托下,是多么動人啊!大自然里隱藏著純潔和恩惠,我竟然都把它給忽略了。直到這一刻,我才深深地領悟到:太陽、風雨、草葉、昆蟲??全都是造物者為了愉悅我們而安
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排和使其存在的,問題只是我們持什么樣的 和去欣賞,如何去和 它罷了。
1. 把“愛惜”、“角度”、“心情”、“發現”四個詞分別填入文中的橫線處。
2. 第1段中寫“討厭蜘蛛”的原因是什么?(按原文語句回答)
答: 3. 第2段中“單憑這一點,我便不該有傷害它的心理。”“這一點”是指又對蜘蛛有了進一步理解的原因是: 。
4. 第3段中,蜘蛛可愛的一面表現在哪些方面?
答:
5. 你對文章結尾的一句話是怎樣理解的?
篇三:第六講 散文的翻譯風格-荔枝蜜
第六講 散文的翻譯風格-荔枝蜜
《荔枝蜜》
花鳥草蟲,凡是上得畫的,那原物往往也叫人喜愛。蜜蜂是畫家的愛物,我卻總不大喜歡。說起來可笑。孩子時候,有一回上樹掐海棠花,不想叫蜜蜂螫了一下,痛得我差點兒跌下來。大人告訴我說:蜜蜂輕易不螫人,準是誤以為你要傷害它,才螫;一螫,它自己耗盡生命,也活不久了。我聽了,覺得那蜜蜂可憐,原諒它了。可是從此以后,每逢看見蜜蜂,感情上疙疙瘩瘩的,總不怎么舒服。
A: The subjects of atists’paintings – flowers, birds, grass and incts
– are also found attractive by most people. However, although bees, are
a popular feature in paintings, I do not like them. The reason behind this
is quite funny. In my childhood, I once climbed a crabapple tree to pick
some flowers and unexpected was stung by a bee. It was o painful that I
almost fell off the tree. The grown-ups told me that bees do not ordinarily
sting people, but do so only when they feel threatened. And soon after
they sting you, they die. After hearing this, I took pity on the bee and
forgave it. But since then, whenever I e a bee, I feel all knotted inside
and very uncomfortable.
B: Flowers, birds, grass and incts are lovely objects often appearing
in paintings. Ridiculously I don’t like bees though they are often
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depicted by artists. When a child I climbed up a cherry-tree to pick some
flowers and nearly fell off from a bee sting. Grownups told me that bees
never stung unless they believed they were in danger, and when they did
they died afterwards too. I forgave the bee for its sorrowful end.
Nevertheless, the very sight of it always gave me an awkward feeling since
then.
C: Flowers, birds, grass and incts which are popular with painters,
are usually delightful things. Yet I never had much liking for bees though
they often appear in paintings. The reason is laughable. One day when I
was a child I climbed a cherry-tree to pick some blossom and got stung
by a bee and the pain nearly made me fall off. Grownups told me that bees
never stung unless they were afraid you were going to hurt them, and
stinging someone would cost a bee its own life. When I heard that, I felt
sorry for the bee and forgave it. Still, after that, the sight of a bee
always filled me with misgivings.
今年四月,我到廣東從化溫泉小住了幾天。四圍是山,懷里抱著一潭春水,那又濃又翠的景色,簡直是一幅青綠山水畫。剛去的當晚,是個陰天,偶爾倚著樓窗一望,奇怪啊,怎么樓前憑空涌起那么多黑黝黝的小山,一重一重的,起伏不斷?記得樓前是一片比較平坦的園林,不是山。這到底是什么幻景呢?趕到天明一看,忍不住笑了。原來是滿野的荔枝樹,一棵連一棵,每棵的葉子都密得不透縫,黑夜看去,可不就像小山似的!
A: Last April I went to Conghua Hot-spring in Guangdong for a few days’
stay. The spring was encircled by hills, thick with greenery, a regular
painting of blue hills and green waters. It was a cloudy evening when I
arrived. I happened to look out the window and was surprid by the sight
of dark little mounds outside the window. One after another, crowding
together, they turned the grounds outside, which I remembered as level,
into hilly land. What was this mysterious scene? I wondered. The next day
I took a
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quick look and broke out laughing. What I had en were lychee trees that
grew so clo together and with such thick leaves that they looked like
little mounds in the evening.
B: Last April, I went for a short stay in the Conghua Spa, Guangdong
Province in the south of China. Beautiful as a landscape painting, the
spa was a pool of clear spring water surrounded on all sides by verdant
mountains. I arrived in an overcast evening. Looking out of the window
by chance I was astonished to e layers upon layers of rolling dark hills
rising before me. My memory had it that the hotel building faced a garden,
not hills. Was that an illusion? I had to laugh next morning when I looked
again at a wide stretch of lychee trees, with n foliage. They rembled
small hills in the dark.
C: Last April, I went for a short stay in the Conghua Hot Spring, Guandong.
Beautiful as a traditional blue-and-green landscape painting, the spring
was a pool of clear spring water surrounded on all sides by verdant
mountains. I arrived one overcast evening. Happening to look out of the
window I was astonished to e undulating dark hills looming tier after
tier before me. The view from the Guest Hou, as I remembered it, was
of a level garden, not of hills. Had my eyes played me fal? I had to
laugh the next morning when I looked again and saw a wide stretch of lychee
trees with den foliage. They had rembled small hills in the dark.
荔枝也許是世上最鮮最美的水果。蘇東坡寫過這樣的詩句:“日啖荔枝三百顆,不辭長作嶺南人”,可見荔枝的妙處。偏偏我來的不是時候,滿樹剛開著淺黃色的小花,并不出眾。新發的嫩葉,顏色淡紅,比花倒還中看些。從開花到果子成熟,大約得三個月,看來我是等不及在從化溫泉吃鮮荔枝了。
A: Lychee is perhaps the sweetest and tastiest fruit in the world. Su
Dongpo (1037-1101) wrote:
Were I to eat three hundred lychees each day, To become a Lingman native
I shan’t fu.
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From this you can e the marvel of lychees, that they could impel even
a mandarin like Su Dongpo to wish to live in the then comparatively
desolate provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi, which were known as Lingnan
in tho days. Unfortunately, I did not come at the right time. The trees
were full of small, light yellow flowers, not very pretty, not even as
pretty as the pink, tender leaves that had just sprouted. I would take
about three more months for the fruit to ripen. It looked as though I would
not be able to stay long enough in Conghua to eat fresh lychees.
B: Lychee is perhaps the most delicious fruit in the world. Su Dongpo,
an ancient Chine poet wrote, “I’m willing to stay for even in Lingnan,
eating three hundred lychees a day.” This showed how much the fruit was
catered after. I had come at a time hwen the small yellow flowers, less
attractive than the pale red leaves, were just blossoming when the fruit
ripened three months later. So I wouldn’t be eating lychees here.
C: Lychee is perhaps the most delicious fruit in the world. Su Dongpo,
an ancient Chine poet wrote, “I would gladly stay for ever in Lingnan,
eating three hundred lychees a day.”This indicated how much the fruit
was sought after. I had come at a time
when the small and light yellow flowers, less attractive than the pink
leaves, were just beginning to blossom. I would take another tree months
for the fruit to ripen, so I would not be eating fresh lychees here this
time.
吃鮮荔枝蜜,倒是時候。有人也許沒聽說這稀罕物兒吧?從化的荔枝樹多得像汪洋大海,開花時節,那蜜蜂滿野嚶嚶嗡嗡,忙得忘記早晚,有時還趁著月色采花釀蜜。荔枝蜜的特點是成色純,養分多。住在溫泉的人多半喜歡吃這種蜜,滋養精神。熱心腸的為我也弄到兩瓶。一開瓶子塞兒,就是那么一股甜香;調上半杯一喝,甜香里帶著股清氣,很有點鮮荔枝味兒。喝著這樣的好蜜,你會覺得生活都是甜的呢。
A: But it was the right time to eat lychee honey. Maybe there are people
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who have never heard of this rare food. In Conghua, lychees grow into an
ocean. During the blomming ason, bees buzz about everywhere from morning
till night, sometimes even under the moonlight. The speciality to lychee
honey is its purity and its rich nourishment. Tho who live by the
hotspring like the honey for its nourishment. A warm-hearted comrade got
tow jars for me. As soon as I opened one of them, the fragrance surged
out. Stirring some of the honey into half a glass of water, I found a
freshness to its sweet taste, very much like lychee. To drink such good
honey makes you feel that life is indeed sweet.
B: It was the best time for lychee honey though. Maybe some people had
not heard of this rarity? At flowering time, bees buzzed all over the ocean
of lychee trees in Conghua, gathering nectar from from dawn till dusk and
under the moonlight too. The honey they produce were pure and nutritious.
The local people all like this honey for a tonic. A warm-hearted friend
got me two bottles too. A sweet aroma emitted as soon as the bottle was
open. Mixed with water it tasted like fresh lychee, fragrant and delicate,
sweetening the life for one sipping this heavenly honey.
C: It was the best time for lychee honey though. Maybe some people have
not heard of this rarity? At this time of year, when the Conghua lychee
trees em a a of lossom there is humming and buzzing everywhere as bees
gather nectar from dawn till dusk and under the moonlight too. The honey
they produce were pure and nutritious, and most of the local people like
it and take it as a tonic. A warm-hearted friend got me too bottles too,
and as soon as I opened one it scented the air. Mixed with water it tasted
as fragrant and delicate as fresh lychee, a heavenly drink like nectar,
and sipping it makes you feel you life is filled with sweetness.
結尾
詩人和翻譯家梁宗岱說:“作品在譯者心里喚起的回響是那么深沉和清澈,反映在作品里的作者和譯者的心靈那么融合無間,二者的藝術手腕又那么旗鼓相
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當,譯者簡直覺得作者是自己前身,自己是作者再世,因而用了無上的熱忱、摯愛和虔誠去竭力追摹和活現原作的神采。這時候翻譯就等于兩顆偉大的靈魂遙隔著世紀和國界攜手合作”
埃文也在其《翻譯與情操》一書中說:“翻譯之所以是藝術,不僅由于它具有形式的美,而且還由于它具有情操的美。譯者與作者必須心心相印,靈犀相通。翻譯所需要的不是一支素描的筆,而是一顆燃燒的心。不僅要譯出眼淚,而且要譯
出悲哀;不僅要譯出笑聲,而且要譯出歡樂;不僅要譯出拍案而起,而且要譯出義憤填膺;不僅要譯出效命疆場,而且要譯出赤膽忠心;不僅要譯出有形之事物,而且要譯出無形之情操”(馮慶華,2002:170)。
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