超實用高考英語復習:重難點02 閱讀七選五之說明文 (教師版)

2023年12月11日發(作者：教學設計格式)

-

重難點02-2閱讀七選五之說明文-高考英語

【熱點·重點·難點】專練

(新高考專用)

距離高考還有一段時間，不少有經驗的老師都會提醒考生，愈是臨近高考，能否咬緊牙關、學會自我調節，態度是否主動積極，安排是否科學合理，能不能保持良好的心態、以飽滿的情緒迎接挑戰，其效果往往大不一樣。以下是本人從事10多年教學經驗總結出的以下學習資料，希望可以幫助大家提高答題的正確率，希望對你有所幫助，有志者事竟成！

養成良好的答題習慣，是決定高考英語成敗的決定性因素之一。做題前，要認真閱讀題目要求、題干和選項，并對答案內容作出合理預測;答題時，切忌跟著感覺走，最好按照題目序號來做，不會的或存在疑問的，要做好標記，要善于發現，找到題目的題眼所在，規范答題，書寫工整;答題完畢時，要認真檢查，查漏補缺，糾正錯誤。總之，在最后的復習階段，學生們不要加大練習量。在這個時候，學生要盡快找到適合自己的答題方式，最重要的是以平常心去面對考試。英語最后的復習要樹立信心，考試的時候遇到難題要想“別人也難”，遇到容易的則要想“細心審題”。越到最后，考生越要回歸基礎，單詞最好再梳理一遍，這樣有利于提高閱讀理解的效率。另附高考復習方法和考前30天沖刺復習方法。

年

份

卷

類

卷

別

I卷

體

裁

說明文

題

材

如何尋找健身的伙伴

設空位置

段中設空4

段尾設空1

段首設空1

段中設空4

段首設空1

新高考

2022年

II卷

說明文

寫文章的技巧

全國卷

甲卷

說明文

外出就餐的注意事項

段中設空3

段尾設空1 段首設空3

乙卷

說明文

五種維系異地友誼的方法

段中設空1

段尾設空1

I卷

新高考

II卷

2021年

甲卷

全國卷

乙卷

說明文

在晚會上受人關注的方法

說明文

處理舊衣物的方法

說明文

提高閱讀速度的建議

記敘文

體驗巴黎當地的生活

段首設空1

段中設空4

段首設空1

段中設空2

段尾設空2

段首設空1

段中設空4

段首設空2

段中設空2

段尾設空1

從以上統計看，兩年高考閱讀七選五命題以說明文體裁為最，共7篇，記敘文體裁的只考了一篇，而其他體裁則沒有涉及。就體裁方面而言，筆者以為2023年的高考仍將以說明文為主，記敘文為輔或者就考記敘文。考議論文體裁的大概率比較小，因為對于考生來說解題難度會成倍加大。

典型結構說明文常用“總分(總)”式文本結構，由總體說明、分別說明和總結三部分構成，這類說明文語篇多以方法、技巧、建議為內容，說明如何做事。文章白首段往往做出總體說明，在引入文章的主題后明確說明的維度(或角度)，對全文起統領作用；接下來文章會用若干個段落，按首段中提出維度分別進行說明，各分別說明段落之間構成并列關系，甚至段落內部結構都有高度的一致性，即每段圍繞某一方面展開說明，段落主旨句通常位于句首，說明的方法有舉例子、分類別、作比較、列數字、下定義、作詮釋、打比方、引資料等，有時段尾還有一個總結性的句子；文章結尾用一個段落對整個文章進行總結，與文章的首段相呼應，但很多短小的說明文沒有結尾的總結性段落。歷年英語高考“七選五”閱讀理解說明文多采用“總分”式結構，大多無總結性段落。

理清語篇文本結構、說明方法和邏輯關系是解答典型結構說明文類“七選五”閱讀理解試題的關鍵。在解題時，首先要快速瀏覽全文，通過首段明確文章的說明對象；其次要理清語篇文本結構，弄清各個段落之間的關系。如果文章有總標題、小標題、突出字體的主旨句、項目符等信息時，要充分利用這些信息；最后在整體理解的基礎上，細讀各個段落，理清段落內部結構和各句子間的邏輯關系，同時留意語篇文本采用的說明方法，根據設空位置判斷考點，結合上下文內容，利用相關解題技巧(參看本系列資料的《重難點02-1閱讀七選五之設空剖析》)篩選答案。

作為對《重難點02-1閱讀七選五之設空剖析》中所列舉的滿分技巧的補充，這里再列舉一個解題的抓手來確定答案：利用詞匯線索。

1.代詞線索：英語表達中的代詞出現的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據代詞的單復數差異可以準確而快速地解題。

2.同義詞/近義詞線索：英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的重復使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。

3.上下義詞/同一范疇詞線索：上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前者的一個子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關系常常可以很輕松地解題。

【經典考例1】(引用原題號，以下同)

(2022·全國甲卷節選)

Important Things to Know When Dining Out

...

Chopstick Rules

The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down

between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.

___37___.

…

Making Requests

___39___. In Portugal, this would be a rious mistake, becau it shows the chef that you don’t like their

asoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra chee to add to your food.

A. The more friends you make in your lifetime

B. The more time you spend in any given country

C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils

D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant

E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate

F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you u them

G. It may em like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal

37.【答案】F

【解析】根據本段小標題“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要講述的是使用筷子的規則。根據上文“When you

put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the

table in front of you. (當你在吃東西的間隙把它們放下來的時候，一定要把它們放在一起，這樣它們就和你面前的桌子邊緣平行了)”可知，此處講述了正確使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F項“Never

stick them upright in your food or cross them as you u them (不要把它們豎著插在食物上，也不要在使用它們時交叉放置)”講述的也是使用筷子時的注意事項，符合此處語境，其中“them”和上句中的them都是指代段首句的“chopsticks”，故選F。

39.【答案】G

【解析】根據本段小標題“Making Requests”可知，段首句要講的是用餐時提請求的問題。G項“It may em

like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃飯時要鹽和胡椒看似很簡單)”符合此處語境，其中“request”與段落小標題是關鍵詞的復現，根據下文“In Portugal, this would be a rious

mistake, becau it shows the chef that you don’t like their asoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never

ask for extra chee to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，這將是一個嚴重的錯誤，因為這向廚師表明你不喜歡他們的調味技巧。同樣，在意大利，永遠不要要求在食物中添加額外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些國家，用餐時提出要求是很無禮的。下文中的this和it都是代指G項中的to ask for salt and

pepper at a meal，故選G。

【經典考例2】

(2022·新課標II卷節選)

...

The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision.

___39___ As a result, the writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大塊)of their draft and writing

revisions in the blank space. After you have revid your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can

enter your changes into your word processor. ___40___ The resulting blank space invites you to revi.

A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.

B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.

C. The cond draft of the essay should be better.

D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.

E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.

F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revi.

G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again tting your text on triple-space.

39.【答案】F

【解析】空前說“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for

revision.(第三種方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空間。)”，F選項“Many beginning

writers don’t leave enough space to revi.(許多初來乍到的作者沒有留出足夠的修改空間。)”中的“revi”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常見做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“the writers”相互呼應，因此F選項承上啟下，符合語境，故選F。

40.【答案】

【解析】空前說“After you have revid your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter

your changes into your word processor.(當你修改你的草稿，直到它太亂以至于無法繼續工作，你可以把你的修改輸入到你的文字處理器中)”，空后說“The resulting blank space invites you to revi.(由此產生的空白允許您修改)”，因此空格處應說輸入到文字處理器后應該做什么，G選項“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again tting your text on triple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同樣將文本設置為三倍行距。)”說的是輸入到你的文字處理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼應，因此G選項承上啟下，符合語境，故選G。

【經典考例3】

(2015·新課標I卷節選)___39___ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But

there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives,

we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

to really trust yourlf.

is putting confidence in someone.

regarding yourlf as the victim.

er that you can expect the best in return.

’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

39.【答案】C

【解析】要求選段落主題句。本段結構：總(總領)—分(細說)。空后句三次出現victim一詞，七個選項中只有選項C中有victim，原詞復現。根據后文If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your

circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.可知，如果你被背叛了，那么你是一個受害者。然而是受害者與以受害者的心態活著是有區別的。所以此段主要在說不要認為自己是受害者，C項：Stop regarding yourlf as the victim.(別把自己當成受害者)符合文意，故選C。

【經典考例4】

(2014·新課標I卷節選)Your children need to be deeply curious. ___37___ Ask kids, “What

ingredients(配料)can we add to make the pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did tho

ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

37.【答案】A 【解析】與空后句中的ingredients(配料)，pancakes(薄煎餅)可能同時出現的，只有選項A中的cook。

根據Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料)can we add to make the pancakes even better next time” and

then try them out.可知，下文敘述的是做煎餅時添加什么配料會更好，所以上句應該鼓勵孩子和你一起做飯。A項：Encourage kids to cook with you.(鼓勵孩子們和你一起做飯)符合語境，故選A。

【經典考例5】解題全程演示

我們以“2022·新課標I卷”為例試圖演示一下完整的解題過程，供考生平時練習時參考。

(2022·新課標I卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout

Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while

another read: “ ___36___ ” With a workout partner, you will increa your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to

move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercis you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a

uful respon. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training

she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each ssion, and her age. It

also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___

You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your

partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your

relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live clo by.

C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone el.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E. How can you write a good “eking training partner” notice?

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

一、審題“六關注”

審題包括：讀原文和看選項。

1.關注體裁結構

本文為說明文，總分總結構。

2.關注主旨大意

本文介紹了有健身搭檔的益處和如何找到一個好的健身搭檔。 3.關注首段首句

段落首段多起到引入話題和引起下文的作用；段落首句多為段落的主題句。盡可能多的記住文章的主要信息：本文第一段引入話題，是有關有健身伙伴的益處，第二段利用一個問句引起下文，第三段的首句是主題句，是有關決定你想從你的搭檔身上得到什么。第四，五段是有關在哪里，用什么方式尋找健身搭檔，最后一段是文章的總結，是有關你和你的搭檔都有著不同的技能，會起到互相幫助的作用。

4.關注設空位置

36, 37, 38, 40都處在段落的中間，一般來說，在此位置的選項起到承上啟下的作用，需要關注空格前一句和后一句的內容。39處于段落的末尾，一般末尾句起到總結全段內容或承接上文的作用。

5.關注空格前后

標畫出關聯詞，特別是各種表邏輯關系的連詞，代詞；關注空格前后的句式結構。

例如：36題前，One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”

while another read: “___36___”，其中one…another(一個……另一個)，前后肯定有關聯，而且后面都為直接引語，句式結構可能相同或相似。同時標畫出代詞you，36題中主語也應該是you，而且是另一個原因。

37空后面標畫出or，or為并列連詞，說明前后為并列關系，在語義上構成選擇關系；or后是一般疑問句，那37空有很大可能也是一般疑問句。

6.關注七個選項

快速閱讀七個選項，并標畫出關鍵詞，特別是代詞，連詞，同時注意選項的句式結構。

meeting, awkward, your

B. workout partner, live clo

, work harder, train with someone el

D. you, be a better athlete, favorite sport, 標畫出問號

E. write , “eking training partner” notice, you, 標畫出問號

F. accept your differences, work with each other

, include such information(其中such指代前文提到的內容，很關鍵)

二、解題“講技巧”

36.【答案】C

【解析】根據文中“one…another(一個……另一個)”判斷前后肯定有關聯，而且后面都為直接引語，句式結構可能相同或相似。根據上句“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at

the gym,(如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會去鍛煉)”我們會發現C選項句子結構、主語“you”都與之匹配。再結合后文“With a workout partner, you will increa your training effort as there is a

subtle competition.(有一個鍛煉伙伴，你將會努力訓練，因為你們之間有一個微妙的競爭)”進行驗證，可知，空格處應該陳述另一個和別人一起鍛煉的理由。選項C中的“train with someone el”與后文的“With a workout partner”相對應，選項C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone

el.(如果你和別人一起訓練，你會更努力)”符合語義，故選C項。

37.【答案】D

【解析】or為并列連詞，說明前后為并列關系，在語義上構成選擇關系；or后是一般疑問句，那本空空有很大可能也是一般疑問句(如果考生不愿細致考慮，就可以秒殺答案)。根據前文“First of all,

decide what you want from that person.(首先，決定你想從那個人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you

just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身體健康，能夠移動的力量和靈活性)”可知，這里是一個問句，反問自己結伴鍛煉的目的，故空處與后文是選擇關系，你要知道你鍛煉是為了什么。所以選項D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your

favorite sport?(你想在你最喜歡的運動項目上成為更好的運動員嗎)”與后文在語義上構成選擇關系，故選D項。

38.【答案】B

【解析】根據前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably

won't result in a uful respon.(你可能會考慮在社交媒體上發布你想要的東西，但可能不會得到有用的回應)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same

gym.(如果你打算在健身房鍛煉，那個人一定是同一個健身房的)”可知，尋找的鍛煉伙伴要具有便利性的特點。選項B中的“live clo by”與后文的“belong to the same gym”相對應，故選B項。

39.【答案】G

【解析】本空處于段落的末尾，可能起總結全段內容或承接上文的作用。根據前文“My partner posted her

request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,

how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each ssion, and her age. It also

listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.(我的搭檔把她的要求貼在了當地公園的布告欄上。她的注意事項包括她想要做什么樣的鍛煉，每周多少天，每次培訓要花多少小時，以及她的年齡。它還列出了她最喜歡的運動和活動，并提供了她的電話號碼)”可知，本段作者以自己的鍛煉伙伴為例，說明尋找鍛煉伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以選項G“Any

notice for a training partner should include such information.(任何鍛煉伙伴的布告都應包括這些信息)”(其中such指代前文提到的內容)是對上文內容的總結，故選G項。

40.【答案】F

【解析】根據前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.(你和你的伴侶可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you

will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to

help each other. (久而久之，你們雙方都會受益——你的伴侶會舉起更多的重量，你也會變得更健康。你們關系的核心是你們永遠在一起互相幫助)”可知，要學會求同存異，一起合作，共同提高。選項F中的“differences”對應前文的“different skills”，選項中的“work with each other”對應后文的“be there to help each other”，故選項F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

(接受你們的不同，學會彼此合作)”起到承上啟下的作用，故選F項。

(題目序號仿新高考)

每篇答題時間不超過8分鐘

Passage 1

(2022·全國高三專題練)Time management is an important skill to cultivate. It can help you make the most

out of each day, leading to success in areas like work and school. ___36___.

? Create the right environment to work. The environment you work in can help with your overall productivity.

There are no strict rules about a work environment, so pick what feels right for you. ___37___. The feelings will

help you stay on task and be productive.

? List your tasks in terms of importance. ___38___, but organize them a little rather than just writing down

everything that needs to get done. Group tasks in terms of importance. For example, tasks labeled “urgent” must be

done today. Tasks labeled “important, but not urgent” are important to do, but can wait. Tasks with labels like

“low-priority” can be put off if necessary.

___39___. Finishing crucial tasks in the morning will leave you with a n of accomplishment. The day will

already feel like a success and a great deal of your stress will be relieved. Start off each day by knocking out the

most important tasks on your list.

? Do not multitask. Many people assume multitasking is a great way to get more done each day and manage

time wily. However, focusing on multiple tasks at once actually makes you less productive ___40___. Focus

completely on one task at a time instead. You will get your work done quicker this way, allowing you to make the

most of your time.

A. Return all your emails

B. Do important tasks first

C. To-do lists are a great tool

D. Things will take longer to do, as you’re not giving anything your full attention

E. If you can choo a particular space to work, choo a space free of distractions

F. Surround yourlf with inspiring decorations that help you feel enthusiastic and passionate

G. To manage your time, u your time productively by working in the right environment and prioritizing tasks

【答案】GFCBD

【語篇導讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了時間管理是一項重要技能和高效管理時間的策略。

36.【答案】G

【解析】首段“Time management is an important skill to cultivate.(時間管理是一項需要培養的重要技能)”講到時間管理的話題，再根據第二段小標題“Create the right environment to work.(創造合適的工作環境)”、第三段小標題“List your tasks in terms of importance.(按重要性列出你的任務)”和第四段小標題“Do not multitask.(不要同時處理很多事務)”可知，本文的主題通過創造合適的工作環境和優化任務安排來管理時間，G項“To manage your time, u your time productively by working in the right

environment and prioritizing tasks(要想管理好你的時間，就要在合適的工作環境中高效地利用你的時間，并將任務按優先順序排列)”是中心句，承上啟下，故選G項。

37.【答案】F

【解析】根據下文“The feelings will help you stay on task and be productive.(這些感覺會幫助你專注于任務并提高效率)”和指代關系可知，設空句中應出現“The feelings”的指代對象，G項“Surround

yourlf with inspiring decorations that help you feel enthusiastic and passionate(讓你的周圍布滿鼓舞人心的裝飾，這會讓你充滿熱情和激情)”中“enthusiastic and passionate”即下文“The feelings”指代內容，且“Surround yourlf with inspiring decorations”與小標題中“the right environment”相照應，故選F項。

38.【答案】C

【解析】根據下文“but organize them a little rather than just writing down everything that needs to get done.(但是要把它們稍微整理一下，而不是把需要做的每件事都寫下來就行了)”和指代關系可知，設空句中應出現指示代詞“them”的指代對象，C 項“To-do lists are a great tool(待辦事項清單是一個很好的工具)”中“To-do lists”即下文“them”指代對象，且與下文“just writing down everything that needs

to get done.”語義相關連，故選C項。

39.【答案】B

【解析】設空句是段落小標題。根據段中“Finishing crucial tasks in the morning will leave you with a n of

accomplishment.(早上完成重要的任務會給你帶來一種成就感)”和“Start off each day by knocking

out the most important tasks on your list.(每天開始把清單上最重要的任務完成)”可知，本段是講每天先完成重要的任務，故選B項。

40.【答案】D

【解析】上文“However, focusing on multiple tasks at once actually makes you less productive.(然而，同時專注于多項任務實際上會降低你的效率)”說試圖同時做完成多項任務反而會降低效率，D項“Things

will take longer to do, as you’re not giving anything your full attention(因為你沒有專注于任何事情，你會花更長的時間去做這些事情)”解釋了原因：因為不夠專注，所以花的時間更多，效率了降低，與上文構成因果關系，故選D項。

Passage 2

(2022·四川德陽二模)When talking to people about climate change, you might always get asked the question:

What can you do to help as a consumer? Here are some specific steps you can take:

Sign up for a green pricing program with your electric utility. Some utility companies allow homes and

business to pay extra for power from clean sources. When you participate in the programs, you’re telling your

utility company that you’re willing to pay more to address climate. ___36___Without that demand signal, the innovations that governments and business invest in will stay in the shelf.

___37___Depending on how much money and time you can spare, you can replace your incandescent light

bulbs with LEDs, install a smart thermostat, insulate your windows, buy efficient appliances, or replace your

heating and cooling system with a heat pump.

Buy an electric vehicle (EV). EVs have come a long way in terms of cost and performance. Although they

might not be right for everyone, they’re becoming more affordable for many consumers. ___38___ People buy lots

of them, companies will make lots of them.

___39___. Veggie burgers haven’t always tasted great. However, the new generation of plant-bad protein

alternatives is better and clor to the taste and texture of meat than their predecessors. ___40___. In addition,

eating a meat substitute just once or twice a week will cut down on the e-missions you’re responsible for. The same

goes for dairy products.

A. That’s cost-effective.

B. Try a plant-bad burger.

C. Reduce your home’s emissions.

D. That’s an important market signal.

E. EVs are friendly to environment and easy to drive.

F. You can find them in many restaurants and grocery stores.

G. This is where consumers’ behavior can have a huge impact.

【答案】DCGBF

【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些消費者也可以幫助應對氣候變化的措施。

36.【答案】D

【解析】根據上文“When you participate in the programs, you’re telling your utility company that you're

willing to pay more to address climate.(當你參與這些項目時，你就是在告訴你的公用事業公司，你愿意花更多的錢來解決氣候問題)”以及后文“Without that demand signal, the innovations that

governments and business invest in will stay in the shelf.(如果沒有需求信號，政府和企業投資的創新將被束之高閣)”可知，后文提到了需求信號，可知本句是在說明把上文參與這些項目看作一個信號，D選項中signal對應后文中signal，故選D項“這是一個重要的市場信號”。

37.【答案】C

【解析】根據后文“Depending on how much money and time you can spare, you can replace your

incandescent light bulbs with LEDs, install a smart thermostat, insulate your windows, buy efficient

appliances, or replace your heating and cooling system with a heat pump.(取決于你能節省多少錢和時間，你可以用LED燈替換白熾燈，安裝智能恒溫器，給窗戶隔熱，購買高效電器，或者用熱泵替換供暖和制冷系統)”可知，后文列舉了一系列給家里減排的方法，故選C項“減少你家的排放量”。

38.【答案】G

【解析】根據上文“Buy an electric vehicle (EV). EVs have come a long way in terms of cost and performance. Although they might not be right for everyone, they’re becoming more affordable for many

consumers.(購買電動汽車。電動汽車在成本和性能方面已經取得了長足的進步。雖然它們可能不適合所有人，但對許多消費者來說，它們正變得越來越買得起)”以及后文“People buy lots of them,

companies will make lots of them.(人們大量購買，公司也會大量生產)”可知，上文提到對許多消費者來說，電動汽車正變得越來越買得起，后文提到人們大量購買，公司也會大量生產，可見消費者的行為可以對生產產生影響，故選G選項“這就是消費者行為可以產生巨大影響的地方”。

39.【答案】B

【解析】根據后文“Veggie burgers haven’t always tasted great.(素食漢堡并不總是美味的)”可知，本段主要說明的是素食漢堡，B選項中plant-bad burger對應后文中Veggie burgers，故選B項“嘗試植物漢堡”。

40.【答案】F

【解析】 根據上文“However, the new generation of plant-bad protein alternatives is better and clor to the

taste and texture of meat than their predecessors.(然而，新一代的植物性蛋白質替代品比它們的前輩更好，更接近肉類的味道和質地)”可知，上文提到了新一代的植物性蛋白質的特性，故本句承接上文繼續說明如何買到這些東西，故選F項“你可以在許多餐館和雜貨店買到”。

Passage 3

(2022·全國高三專題練)Saying no to the right things will help you prioritize(優先處理)high-benefit activities,

avoiding excessive stress, and reducing the risk of failing to meet your responsibilities. So,it’s better to get into the

habit of considering what invitations to say yes to and what to say no to. ___36___.

Start by asking yourlf questions to measure the potential benefits: ___37___? What is the likelihood that it

will create more beneficial opportunities in the future? How important is this activity to me personally? Or, will this

bring me joy?

___38___ How much of my time will it really take? How much time does my schedule have available around

when this activity would take place? Will saying yes mean I can't say yes to something el that's important to me?

Will saying yes steal time away from my personal life?

Will this activity cost money? How much stress will the activity cau me? Finally, would I suffer bad effects

if I said no?

When you're done, carefully examine the advantages and disadvantages. If your analysis suggests that the

activity would result in many benefits and few costs, then that should be a top candidate for a yes respon.

___39___, even if they are low-cost as well. In our experience, it's the high-benefit, high-cost activities that require

the most careful consideration. ___40___, which isn't always easy-especially if your answer is no. Figuring out

how to give an honest respon can help avoid over commitment and time spent on low-benefit activities.

A. How much will I learn

B. Could you give this prentation

C. The next step is making a respon

D. Then ask yourlf questions to estimate the possible costs E. You can achieve it by making an informal cost-benefit analysis

F. We encourage you to do three things to improve your“no”abilities

G. On the contrary, low-benefit activities might be given a straight no

【答案】E ADGC

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文告訴我們對正確的事情說“不”將幫助你優先安排高收益的活動，避免過度的壓力，并減少無法履行職責的風險。所以，最好養成習慣，考慮對什么邀請說“是”，對什么邀請說“不”。

36.【答案】E

【解析】設空處起承上啟下的作用。 E項中的it指上一句中的“the habit of considering what invitations to say

yes to and what to say no to(對什么邀請說“是”，對什么邀請說“不”的習慣)”，同時，下文第二段中“Start by asking yourlf questions to measure the potential benefits:(首先問自己一些問題來衡量潛在的好處:)”和第三段中“How much of my time will it really take?(我到底要花多少時間)”就是E項中提到的cost-benefit- analysis(成本效益分析)，故選E。

37.【答案】A

【解析】設空處和其后的一系列問句是并列關系，故空格處是一個問句，結合選項可知選項 much

will I learn(我能學到多少)是一個問句，且與于前面提到的potential benefits(潛在效益)相對應，故選A。

38.【答案】D

【解析】設空處統領該空后的所有問題。后面的一系列問句均是對潛在的代價的探討；結合選項可知選項 ask yourlf questions to estimate the possible costs(然后問自己一些問題來估算可能的成本)中的Then承接上一段的Start，且統領空后的問題，故選D。

39.【答案】G

【解析】根據上文“If your analysis suggests that the activity would result in many benefits and few costs, then

that should be a top candidate for a yes respon.(如果您的分析表明，該活動將帶來許多好處和很少的成本，那么這應該是一個最佳的候選人，以yes回應)”及下文“ even if they are low-cost as well.

In our experience, it's the high-benefit, high-cost activities that require the most careful

consideration.(即使它們的成本也很低。根據我們的經驗，高收益、高成本的活動需要最謹慎的考慮)”的句意可推斷出設空處與上一句是對比關系。結合選項可知選項G. On the contrary,

low-benefit activities might be given a straight no(相反，低效益的活動可能會被直接拒絕)與上述分析一致，且選項G中的low-benefit對照前面一句中的many benefits and few costs，G項中的no對照前一句中的yes，故選G。

40.【答案】C

【解析】設空處承接上文。上文“even if they are low-cost as well. In our experience, it's the high-benefit,

high-cost activities that require the most careful consideration.(即使它們的成本也很低。根據我們的經驗，高收益、高成本的活動需要最謹慎的考慮)”主要介紹了哪些事情應該需要慎重考慮，結合選項可知選項 next step is making a respon(下一步是做出回應)銜接上文自然。另外，C項中的respon在下文中“ Figuring out how to give an honest respon can help avoid over

commitment and time spent on low-benefit activities.(弄清楚如何給出一個誠實的回答可以幫助避免過度承諾和把時間花在低效益的活動上)”有復現，故選C。

Passage 4

(2022·福建廈門大學附屬科技中學高三期中)Technology is here to stay. ___1___. However, they are often

unsure on how to help children u technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time.

Here are some tips.

Have a device contract

Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology

usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware. ___2___. Kids are more likely to make n of

the reasons you have for restriction.

___3___

Although this tip ems like common n, it is often difficult due to the demand of work and the expectation

of being constantly connected. By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with

your children, they will e the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting

your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!

Encourage non-tech activities

One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.

___4___. The activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence.

Tech-free family time

Once a week, pencil-in a “tech-free family time” in your schedule. It can be a meal or trip. To help increa the

success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same

as a photo you have found online. ___5___

A. Model good technology u

B. Communicate with children

C. A little extra planning goes a long way

D. The contract is helpful to the ttlement of conflicts

E. Parents are eing more technology in their homes and jobs

F. Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding

G. This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more

【答案】EFAG C

【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。作者就家長如何幫助孩子負責任地使用技術，并在在線和離線時間之間保持平衡，提了幾個建議。

36.【答案】E 【解析】本段小標題“Technology is here to stay”提到了技術無處不在。下文中的“However, they are often

unsure on how to help children u technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and

offline time.(然而，他們往往不確定如何幫助孩子負責任地使用技術，并在在線和離線時間之間保持平衡)”提到家長們不確定如何幫孩子，E選項“Parents are eing more technology in their

homes and jobs(家長們在家里和工作上看到更多的技術)”和下文一致，下文中的代詞“they”指代的就是“Parents”。

37.【答案】F

【解析】本段小標題是“Have a device contract(簽訂設備合同)”，上文“Having a device usage contract allows

parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and

ensure that everyone is aware.(簽訂設備使用合同可以讓父母和孩子了解家庭中負責任的技術使用情況，并確保每個人都知道)”是簽訂合同的好處之一。F選項“Also, drafting the contract together

promotes understanding(此外，共同起草合同可以促進理解)”和上文是遞進關系。

38.【答案】A

【解析】下文中的“By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your

children, they will e the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk,

letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!(通過確保你將離線時間融入自己的一天，并與你的孩子溝通，他們將看到其價值和好處。無論你是在看書還是只是散步，讓你的孩子知道你的離線行為都會鼓勵他們也這么做！)”可知，本段是在說父母給孩子展示技術在工作和生活中的應用。A選項“Model good technology u(示范良好的技術使用)”能概括本段，作為小標題。

39.【答案】G

【解析】本段小標題是“Encourage non-tech activities(鼓勵非科技活動)”，上文“One great way to keep kids off

their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.(讓孩子遠離屏幕的一個好方法是確保他們有其他活動來打發時間)”提到讓孩子遠離屏幕的活動，G選項“This can come in a

variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more(這可以有多種形式：足球，擊劍和更多)”是一些具體的例子，意思和前文一致。

40.【答案】C

【解析】本段小標題是“Tech-free family time(無科技家庭時間)”，前文“To help increa the success of outings,

try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a

photo you have found online.(為了提高郊游的成功率，可以嘗試設計一些特別的活動，比如去海灘建造一座看起來和你在網上找到的照片一樣的沙堡)”是說明在無科技家庭時間中父母的一些計劃安排。C選項“A little extra planning goes a long way(一點額外的計劃會大有幫助)”符合語境。

高考質量提升是一項系統工程，涉及到多個方面、各個維度，關鍵是要抓住重點、以點帶面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

一、備考策略務必精準

高三備考的不同階段，目標和任務各不相同，就像打仗一樣，攻克不同的山頭有不同的打法，只有抓住要領，才能打贏主動仗。一是細化“作戰地圖”。從現在到一模考試前，主要任務是過課本、串教材，把基礎知識再夯實，為專題復習奠定堅實基礎。各學科組教師要認真學習新課程、新課標、《中國考試評價體系及說明》和近三年高考原題，把高考考點和試題變化點做成“作戰地圖”，平時考試、練習要對照“作戰地圖”進行選題，并在“作戰地圖”上一一標注，確保考點訓練無死角、考點覆蓋無遺漏。二是組織集體攻堅。發揮學科組集體備考的優勢，學科組內任務分解、責任到人，每次考試變式訓練的預測由組長把關。學科組堅持“一課一研”、“一考一研”，新老教師步調一致，節奏有序，充分發揮分工協作的集體教研智慧。三是找準學科增分點。認真研究本省、本市、本校近年來的高考數據，細化到每一個知識點的得失分情況，找準突破點和增分點，有目的進行專項訓練和突破提升。英語的閱讀理解和小作文、語文的古文分析和作文、理科的做題速度、文科的答題思路等，都要制定詳細的訓練方案和突破的方法策略，在實踐中調整提升，打破制約瓶頸，找到質量提升的突破口。

二、課堂教學務必高效。課堂是教育教學是主陣地。高三年級教學時間緊，教學任務重，更要切實發揮課堂40分鐘的作用。一是上好微專題課。春節前后，一輪復習進入后期，學生不會的知識點逐步浮出水面。這些薄弱知識點如果解決不好，將直接影響到二輪復習的效果。高三年級要圍繞浮現出來的問題，上好微專題或微微專題課，針對某一個點或幾個點精講、講透，觸類旁通。微專題課怎么上？可以針對學生不會的問題，每節課重點解決1-2個知識點，專題強調，專點訓練，不貪多，順一個點“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微專題，則更精、更準、更小、更有效，可以一節課只講一道題，但是要把這一道題挖深、挖透，講透一個會一類，做會一題能舉一反三。二是上好試卷講評課。試卷講評課是高三的主打課型，必須切實收到實效。首先，要精確掌握考情。考試不過夜，打鐵要趁熱，每次考試以后，要對班級考試情況了如指掌，充分了解易錯點、易考點，這樣講評時，才能有所側重，才能有針對性地攻克重難點。其次，要規范講評流程。針對錯誤率高或重點考察的試題，教師引導出方法思路；再由學生個人進行自評自糾，小組討論展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解題思路。師生合作再對解題思路進行再歸納總結，寫到紙上記錄下來，強化驗證結果。三是克服“漏斗思維”。所謂“漏斗思維”，就是：今天正在學，突然有事不繼續了，明天已經忘記一大部分，后天想起來，繼續學，但是忘記的一大部分似乎又需要重新開始，周而復始，積累數月，結果是僅僅只有一點點的內容，而且是在同一個地方循環往復。對于常錯、常考的知識點，要經常復習，要不就如同漏斗一樣慢慢溜掉。尤其是對于已經進行過的專題訓練、變式訓練，不能認為進行過一次、兩次就萬事大吉，要每隔2周進行“回頭看”，把學生的易錯題重新編輯，歸類整理后附上分析講解印發給學生，克服漏斗思維，反復夯實專題訓練的知識點。

三、學生訓練務必得法。教師的教學能力最終要轉化為學生的學習能力，對高三學生而言，就是要通過訓練轉化為學生的答題能力。一是嚴格限時訓練。限時訓練就是讓學生在規定時間內做完訓練題目，既訓練速度，又鍛煉準確度。限時訓練可短可長，可以是課前十分鐘，可以是一節課，但必須堅決做到即練即評，長期堅持，通過教師評閱提升學生答題速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月清，適應高考臨場答題要求。二是嚴格規范答題。要認真研究高考原題和高考答案，根據學生的答題情況認真進行比對。要把學生在考試時的原生態答卷原汁原味地展示出來，再讓學生自己對照答案進行打分、評價，找出與標準答案的差距，小組內相互交流、討論，制定答題標準模板，保證將來一分不丟。三是突出變式訓練。對于臨界生的典型錯題或遺漏知識點，要進行變式訓練，一題多變進行訓練，把錯題作為“母題”，至少進行一題五變以上，讓學生寫出每道題的解題思路，最后總結出此類變式的特點和解題入手點。教師必須要把變式訓練當做作業認真批改，帶領學生共同驗證解題思路，形成答題的基本思路。四是落實“作業自助餐”。對學生要進行分類指導，不能一刀切，尤其是對于清北臨界生和一本臨界生，學校應高度重視臨界生轉化工作。要把握好臨界生的學科短板，制定好輔導、轉化和提升的具體措施，要實行面批面改，落實“作業自助餐”。針對不同的高頻錯題，由教師分別獨立設置變式訓練題，也就是A錯題出至少5道變式訓練，獨立印刷；B錯題再出5道變式訓練，獨立印刷；C錯題也出5道變式訓練，獨立印刷；學生可以根據自己的錯題，自主領取對應的變式訓練題，通過針對性訓練補齊學科或知識短板，提升整體備考效益。五是強化精神激勵。高三學生學習任務重，壓力大，師生缺乏必要交流，學生容易出現心理焦慮、缺乏歸屬感等心理問題。為此，要對高三年級學生多鼓勵，多表揚。大人總想聽好聽話，學生也是如此，越是鼓勵越有勁，因老師的一句話、一個眼神而改變一生命運的事例不勝枚舉。教師要不吝贊美，從情緒上、從情感上調動學生學習積極性。

高考前30天沖刺復習方法：

英語

一、英語聽力：要堅持每天聽1、調整并保持聽力狀態很重要。建議考前，考生要保持每天20分鐘的聽力練習量。

2、真題最好反復演練。最后的30天，主要應該聽去年各省市的高考聽力試題和仿真度比較高的今年各市一模、二模試題。

3、聽寫訓練。做一些真題的聽寫訓練。基本方法，先整體聽一遍，然后聽一句寫一句，堅持聽寫完為止，然后再對照原文，檢查自己錯在哪里。另外值得一提的是，在正式考試中，做完所有聽力20道選擇題后，一般來說，沒有百分之百的把握，不要輕易改動第一次做好的答案。據統計，第一次選擇往往比改動后的選擇更可靠。

二、詞匯語法：堅持每天復習一部分 在單項選擇題上，適當做題是必要的，但不要采用題海戰術。勻些時間看以前的聽課筆記、講義、以前做錯的題目(錯題集)也是復習該題型很好的方法。尤其要把做過的一些題，特別是錯題，反復地看，同時簡單的題要總結規律，難題記死記牢即可。要重視語境題、時態題、動詞短語相關的單選題。

關于語法，最近幾年的高考在淡化語法，但并不是完全不考，而是以交際的方式考查，所以復習語法專題的同時要注意交際方面的問題，要特別注意從語境和語意中來解決語法問題。語法重點要掌握時態、非謂語動詞以及定語從句三大塊的內容。

三、完形填空：每天要保證做一篇1、培養語感。如何來培養語感呢？這里給同學們提一個成功學生使用過的、正確提高語感的方法：把去年的所有完形填空題正確答案填上，然后大聲朗讀，不要求背誦但是至少要能做到熟練朗讀。在朗讀中，慢慢領悟。

2、堅持訓練。每天要保證做一篇，這是量上的一個要求。還要把做錯的做出標記，重點記憶。應重視文章的整體性和邏輯性。完形填空的過程就是由已知信息推出未知信息的過程。

四、閱讀理解：重中之重

閱讀理解是高考的重頭戲，提高成績，閱讀理解是關鍵。考試臨近也要堅持閱讀。與其陷入題海，不如抽出20-30分鐘閱讀英文篇章。

1、閱讀訓練不停歇。在沖刺階段，應多進行一些限時訓練，通常每五篇閱讀材料作為一組，在35到40分鐘里完成。這樣既可以保證考場上充沛的閱讀精力和體力，又可以營造考試的氛圍，還提高了閱讀速度。

2、閱讀文章要復習。提倡在復習閱讀的過程中對三點進行注意：單詞、語法點以及復雜句。平時的閱讀復習，在做完題目后要堅持每天讀過幾篇后，認真分析1-2篇。

3、把過去老出現錯誤的歸納一下，看哪類題自己容易錯，重點對付該類題。需要注意的是讀文章應力求題材多樣化，科普、社會、文化、政治、經濟等，但如果生詞太多，影響理解或過于難懂的文章，則不應花更多的時間。 五、對話填空，認真練習應該比短文改錯更容易拿分

對話填空要填寫的十個單詞本身不會太難拼寫，不會超過2000單詞表，所以雖然是新題型也不必恐懼。其實質上也是一種完形填空題，解題關鍵是要對所給的對話有一個整體把握，通讀全篇對話，弄清談話的語境及內容。

六、作文：考前至少精練10篇

重點背一些連詞和英語固定表達的句型，以及常用的短語和有特點的動詞詞組。在寫作的時候可以采用一些寫作的套路。每次寫作前問自己四個問題：這篇文章的體裁格式是怎樣的？主體時態用什么時態？人稱用第幾人稱？可以分幾段，之間用什么過渡詞、連接詞？帶著這四個問題去審題，搞清楚文章的主要內容，然后列出提綱。最后豐富自己的提綱就可以了。

-