法律英語(yǔ)詞匯

法律英語(yǔ)詞匯

法律英語(yǔ)詞匯Unit1

federation n.聯(lián)邦

jurisdiction n.管轄權(quán)，管轄區(qū)common law普通法；習(xí)慣法；

判例法civil law羅馬法；民法

legislation n.立法

petition v.訴請(qǐng)；向……提出請(qǐng)求；

n.申訴；申請(qǐng)；（美）起訴狀equity n.衡平法

Chancery n.衡平法院；大法官法庭judicial adj.法院的；司法的

Privy Council（英）樞密院

canon law教會(huì)法

legal family法系

decision n.判決

procedural rules訴訟規(guī)則discretionary adj.自由裁量的

arbitrator n.仲裁人；調(diào)停者Commonwealth n.英聯(lián)邦

appeal n.上訴

invoke v.援引

Twelve Tables十二銅表法vulgarized Roman law通俗羅馬法

classic Roman law經(jīng)典羅馬法compendia n.匯編；概要

civilian n.民法學(xué)家；平民

jurist n.法學(xué)家

obligation n.債權(quán)

codification n.法典編纂；法典化code n.法典

article n.條款

term n.條款；任期；開(kāi)庭期

law/legal doctrine法律原則

statute n.成文法；法令

precedent n.先例

enact v.制定，通過(guò)（法）inalienable adj.不可剝奪的exclusivity

n.排他權(quán)；專有權(quán)empower v.授權(quán)

party n.當(dāng)事人

lawsuit n.訴訟

tribunal n.特別法庭；裁判所breach of contract違約

advocate n.辯護(hù)人；出庭代訟人lf-evident adj.不證自明的

proposition n.主張；陳述

claim v.&n.主張；要求；聲稱adjudication n.判決

adherence to precedent遵循先例

full-fledged precedent廣泛意義上的

先例absolutely binding絕對(duì)約束力的generally binding一般

約束力的stare decisis遵循先例

res judicata既判力

connsual adj.合意的

right of privacy隱私權(quán)overruling n.推翻；否決reversal n.撤銷

subject matter n.訴訟標(biāo)的；爭(zhēng)議事項(xiàng)；權(quán)利主張

judiciary n.司法機(jī)關(guān)；法院系統(tǒng)；[總稱]法官

injunction n.禁制令

diversity of citizenship（美）（訴訟當(dāng)事人的）州（國(guó)）籍不同；

公民身份不同

venue n.審判地

adversary n.對(duì)手；對(duì)方當(dāng)事人

circuit court巡回法院

en banc n.全院庭審

merits n.案件事實(shí)；當(dāng)事人的法定權(quán)利；訴求或答辯的實(shí)質(zhì)依據(jù)

certiorari n.調(diào)卷令

Justice of the Peace地方法官

Court of Common Pleas普通訴訟法院

trial courts of inferior jurisdiction低級(jí)管轄權(quán)的一審法院

trial courts of general jurisdiction普通管轄權(quán)的一審法院

appellate courts上訴法院

intermediate appellate courts中級(jí)上訴法院

court of last resort終審法院

Supreme Court最高法院(專有名詞)

(1)trial courts of general jurisdiction--------the District

Courts basic federal court system(2)intermediate appellate

courts--------the Courts of Appeals

(3)the Supreme Court

civil suit民事案件

minor violation of the criminal law輕微刑事違反行為

maximum jail ntence最高刑期

fine n.罰金defendant n.被告plaintiff n.原告procution n.檢

控；追訴judge/justice n.法官finality n.終法定局exerci n.行使；

履行action n.訴訟

judicial review司法審查appellate review上訴審查litigate v.提

起訴訟litigation n.訴訟litigant n.訴訟當(dāng)事人docket n.法院積案清單

rai v.提起訴訟

act n.法案；法令entertain v.審理provision n.規(guī)定；條款

regulation n.法規(guī)；章程patent n.專利summon v.傳喚；召集hear

v.審理；聽(tīng)審

writ n.書面命令；令狀writ of certiorari調(diào)卷令confer v.授予

full-dress adj.正式的umpire n.裁判員overer n.監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)

federalism n.聯(lián)邦制

checks and balances制衡

paration of powers分權(quán)

suffrage n.投票；選舉權(quán)

written constitution成文憲法

veto n.&v.否決權(quán)；否決

ratify v.批準(zhǔn)

due process正當(dāng)程序

bail n.&v.保證金；保釋

interpret v.解釋（法律）

impeachment n.彈劾

discretion n.自由裁量權(quán)

original jurisdiction原審管轄constitutionality n.合憲性

legislature n.立法機(jī)關(guān)

governor n.州長(zhǎng)

ordain v.制定

Senate n.參議院

confirm v.批準(zhǔn)

commission n.委任狀

mandamus v.強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行令

relief n.救濟(jì)

syllogism n.推理

le n.承租人

lessor n.出租人

title n.所有權(quán)

remedy n.救濟(jì)

proceedings n.訴訟

rescind v.廢止；取消

nullify v.使無(wú)效

Unit4

restitution n.返還原物；恢復(fù)原狀

probation n.緩刑

punitive damages懲罰性損害賠償

exemplary damages懲罰性損害賠償

assault n.威脅；恐嚇；意圖傷害

battery n.（刑法）毆擊罪；（侵權(quán)法）非法侵犯felony n.重罪

misdemeanor n.輕罪

infraction n.違反（指違約、違法、違章、違紀(jì)）motive n.犯罪

動(dòng)機(jī)

intent n.犯罪故意mens rea犯意

actus reus犯罪行為

causation n.因果關(guān)系

press charges起訴

process v.對(duì)……起訴；對(duì)……發(fā)出傳票execution n.死刑；強(qiáng)制執(zhí)

行

compensation n.賠償；補(bǔ)償

substantive criminal law刑事實(shí)體法

criminal procedural law刑事訴訟法

ordinance n.條例；法令

apprehension n.逮捕

offender n.罪犯

convict v.宣判有罪

imprisonment n.監(jiān)禁

confinement n.監(jiān)禁

incarceration n.監(jiān)禁

juror n.陪審員

jury n.陪審團(tuán)

offen n.違法行為；罪行

transgression n.罪過(guò)

corroboration n.進(jìn)一步的證據(jù)

warrant n.授權(quán)

manslaughter n.過(guò)失殺人

defen n.辯護(hù)

counl n.律師；辯護(hù)人

defen counl/attorney辯護(hù)律師acquittal n.宣告無(wú)罪

liability n.責(zé)任；義務(wù)

homicide n.殺人；殺人犯

overt adj.蓄意的

involuntary adj.無(wú)意識(shí)的；非故意的

Unit5

accomplice n.共犯；同謀犯

adversary system對(duì)抗制；辯論式的訴訟方式correction n.（通

過(guò)監(jiān)禁、緩刑、假釋等刑罰制度對(duì)罪犯的）懲罰；教養(yǎng)

lf-incrimination n.自證其罪

preventive detention預(yù)防性監(jiān)禁

implement v.貫徹；執(zhí)行

pretrial adj.審判前的

bill of information n.（檢察官起草的）起訴書complaint n.（任

何人都可以起草的）起訴書

file v.提起訴訟；送交備案

magistrate n.地方法官；裁判官

be bound over for trial應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)酵ナ軐彽?/span>convene v.召集

refute v.辯駁

testimony n.證據(jù)

true bill準(zhǔn)予起訴

no bill不予起訴

suspect n.嫌疑犯

custody n.拘留；羈押

arrest warrant n.逮捕令

contraband n.違禁品

charge n.&v.（特指刑事訴訟）指控

bring charges指控

levy charges指控

drop charges撤銷指控

appearance n.到庭

izure n.抓住；扣押

recognizance n.具結(jié)保證書

try v.審理

plea n.辯護(hù)

plea bargain訴辯交易

preliminary hearing n.預(yù)審

cross-examine v.交叉詢問(wèn)

produce v.出示

indictment v.控告；起訴

arraignment n.提訊

motion n.（訴訟當(dāng)事人向法院提出的）申請(qǐng)courtroom n.審判

室；法庭

peremptory challenge（對(duì)某陪審員出庭表示的）

絕對(duì)的無(wú)需說(shuō)明理由的反對(duì)challenge for cau（對(duì)某陪審員出

庭表示的）

有合理原因的反對(duì)impartial adj.公正的；公平的

mistrial n.無(wú)效審判；誤判

acquit v.判決無(wú)罪

ca n.（訴訟一方所持的）事實(shí)，理由，依據(jù)verdict n.裁決；裁

定

rebut al n.反駁

surrebuttal n.第二次反駁

rejoinder n.第二次答辯

summation n.（裁判前）法庭辯論的總結(jié)deliberations n.評(píng)議；

審議

venireman n.陪審員

chamber n.法官辦公室

unanimous adj.一致同意的

suspension n.暫緩執(zhí)行

restraint n.約束力

preponderance of evidence優(yōu)勢(shì)證據(jù)規(guī)則proof beyond a

reasonable doubt排除合理懷疑

Unit6

wrongful death action不當(dāng)致死訴訟；非正常死亡訴訟

habeas corpus人身保護(hù)令

tortfeasor n.侵權(quán)人

burden of proof舉證責(zé)任

contributory negligence共同過(guò)失

enforce v.強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行lea n.租賃協(xié)議deed n.轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議standing

n.訴訟資格pleading n.起訴bankruptcy n.破產(chǎn)

the rvice of process傳票送達(dá)

cau of action訴訟理由

default judgment缺席判決answer n.答辯狀affirmative

defen肯定的防衛(wèi)（類似于合理化事由，如正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)）

avoidance可以避免被判罪的理由

the statute of limitations訴訟時(shí)效

dismiss v.駁回negligent adj.過(guò)失的objection n.反對(duì)；異議

excessive damages數(shù)額過(guò)大的賠償Sheriff n.法警proceeds n.

拍賣所得judgment debtor判決書中的債務(wù)人exhibit n.物證

concurring opinions并行意見(jiàn)

disnting opinions反對(duì)意見(jiàn)